Ib qho kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo yog qhov zoo uas tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej yog tias muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo tib yam hauv cov genotype. Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov kev txhais no, cia saib seb qhov zoo li cas yog encoded ntawm qib caj ces.
Ib me ntsis ntawm txoj kev xav
Txhua yam hauv tib neeg lub cev yog encoded los ntawm ob lub noob caj noob ces, ib qho los ntawm txhua tus niam txiv. Cov noob Allelic feem ntau muab faib ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab rov ua dua. Yog tias gamete muaj ob qho tib si tseem ceeb thiab muaj cov noob caj noob ces recessive, ces qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tshwm sim hauv phenotype. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tau piav qhia los ntawm ib qho piv txwv yooj yim los ntawm chav kawm biology hauv tsev kawm: yog tias ib tus niam txiv muaj qhov muag xiav thiab lwm tus muaj qhov muag xim av, ces tus menyuam yuav muaj qhov muag xim av, vim xiav yog qhov tsis zoo. Txoj cai no ua haujlwm yog tias ob qho tib si sib xws alleles yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv genotype ntawm niam txiv lub qhov muag xim av. Cia cov noob A ua lub luag haujlwm rau lub qhov muag xim av, thiab lub qhov muag xiav. Tom qab ntawd, thaum hla, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv:
R: AA x aa;
F1: Aa, Aa, Aa, Aa.
Txhua tus xeeb ntxwv yog heterozygous, thiab txhua tus qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb - ob lub qhov muag xim av.
thib ob xaiv tau:
R: Aa x aa;
F1: Ah, Ah, ah, ah.
Nrog txoj kev hla no, qhov kev ua tsis zoo kuj tshwm sim (cov no yog qhov muag xiav). Muaj 50% muaj feem uas tus me nyuam yuav xiav-eyed.
Albinism (kev cuam tshuam ntawm pigmentation), xim dig muag, hemophilia tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam. Cov no yog cov tib neeg tsis zoo uas tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb allele.
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo
Ntau yam tsis zoo yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov noob hloov pauv. Xav txog, piv txwv li, Thomas Morgan qhov kev paub nrog yoov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov xim qhov muag ib txwm rau yoov yog xim liab, thiab qhov ua rau ntawm cov yoov dawb qhov muag yog kev hloov pauv ntawm X chromosome. Qhov no yog li cas qhov kev sib daj sib deev tau tshwm sim.
Hemophilia A thiab xim qhov muag tsis pom kev kuj yog kev sib deev-txuas kev sib deev.
Cia peb xav txog qhov hla ntawm qhov tsis zoo siv qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov muag tsis pom xim. Cia cov noob lub luag haujlwm rau qhov kev nkag siab ntawm cov xim yog X, thiab cov noob caj noob ces Xd. Kev hla yuav tshwm sim li no:
P: XX x XdY;
F1: XXd, XXd, XY, XY.
Yog leej txiv raug mob qhov muag tsis pom kev, niam noj qab nyob zoo, ces cov me nyuam yuav noj qab nyob zoo, tab sis cov ntxhais yuav yog cov nqa cov noob rau xim dig muag, uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lawv cov txiv neej. cov me nyuam nrog 50% qhov tshwm sim. Hauv cov poj niam, qhov muag tsis pom xim yog qhov tsawg heev, vim tias noj qab haus huv X chromosome them nyiaj rau ib tus mutant.
Lwm hom kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm noob
Cov piv txwv yav dhau los nrog qhov muag xim yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua tiav, uas yog, cov noob tseem ceeb tau poob dej tawm ntawm cov noob tsis zoo. Qhov zoo uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv genotype sib raug rau cov tseem ceeb allele. Tab sis muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov noob tseem ceeb tsis ua kom tag nrho cov recessive ib, thiab ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam - ib tug tshiab zoo (codominance), los yog ob genes manifest lawv tus kheej (tsis tiav dominance).
Kev sib koom ua ke yog tsawg. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, coding yog manifested tsuas yog los ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm pawg ntshav. Cia ib tug ntawm cov niam txiv muaj cov ntshav thib ob (AA), qhov thib ob - pawg thib peb (BB). Ob qho tib si A thiab B yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum hla, peb pom tias txhua tus menyuam yaus muaj plaub pawg ntshav, coded li AB. Ntawd yog, ob qho tib si tshwm sim hauv phenotype.
Xim ntawm ntau cov paj ntoo kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig. Yog tias koj hla lub liab thiab dawb rhododendron, ces qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog xim liab, thiab dawb, thiab ob xim paj. Txawm hais tias cov xim liab yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws tsis txwv qhov kev zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam uas ob qho tib si yuav tshwm sim sib npaug sib npaug hauv genotype.
Ib qho piv txwv txawv txawv yuav tsum ua nrog kev sib koom ua ke. Thaum hla liab thiab dawb cosmos, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog liab dawb. Cov xim liab zoo li tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tiav tsis tiav, thaum tus tseem ceeb allele cuam tshuam nrog ib qho recessive. Yog li, tsim ib qho tshiab, nruab nrab kos npe.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Tsim nyog nwsua ib tug reservation uas tsis tiav dominance tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg genotype. Lub mechanism ntawm kev ua tsis tiav dominance tsis siv rau qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov niam txiv muaj cov tawv nqaij tsaus, lwm yam yog lub teeb, thiab tus me nyuam muaj cov tawv nqaij tsaus, ib qho kev xaiv nruab nrab, ces qhov no tsis yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tsis tiav dominance. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov noob uas tsis yog allelic uas tshwm sim.
