Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv tshuaj xyuas, tawm tswv yim ntawm kab lus tshawb fawb, ntawv pov thawj, ntawv pov thawj, phau ntawv kawm? Cov lus nug no tau nug tsawg kawg ib zaug, tej zaum yog txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev kawm. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias ib tug tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv qee zaum yuav tsum ua txoj haujlwm no nws tus kheej. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, sau ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas los yog kev tshuaj xyuas zoo li yog ib txoj haujlwm tsis yooj yim. Qhov tseeb, txhawm rau txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas lossis tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab, koj yuav tsum paub qee yam yuav tsum tau ua thiab ua raws li cov qauv qhia meej rau kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb. Peb yuav xav txog cov subtleties hauv qab no.
Thawj yam uas tus sau yuav tsum nco ntsoov: kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj lossis kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv tshawb fawb tsis yog qhov qhia ntxaws ntxaws thiab tsis yog koj tus kheej kev khuv leej lossis kev tawm tsam rau lub ncauj lus thiab kev nthuav qhia. Cov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov kev xav zoo ntawm ib tug neeg uas yog ib tug kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb.
Thaum xav tias yuav sau ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas, nws tsim nyog, ua ntej tshaj,to taub meej lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no. Kev tshuaj xyuas yog cov ntawv tshwj xeeb - kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb, tsim los rau qee lub voj voog ntawm cov neeg nyeem. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus no yog qhia thiab ntsuas cov qib ntawm qhov kev txheeb xyuas. Qhia txog lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm cov ntawv uas tau tshuaj xyuas, tus sau yuav tsum qhia txog cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab muab kev thuam tsim nyog.
Yam dab tsi, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav raug coj mus rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus kws tshaj lij - qhov no yog nws tus kheej lub zeem muag. Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev ntawm no. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm thiab kev txaus siab rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus neeg tshuaj xyuas.
Kev tshuaj xyuas thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov theem hauv qab no:
- txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tshuaj xyuas;
- txhawm rau paub seb qhov twg yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb;
- tshuaj xyuas cov architectonics thiab semantic cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv;
- Nco ntsoov ua tib zoo mloog rau qhov tseem ceeb xws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshiab, qhia meej meej koj lub tswv yim hais txog qhov originality ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
- Nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas cov tswv yim theoretical sib xyaw ua ke thiab ntau npaum li cas lawv sib haum rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xam pom, yog li qhov laj thawj pom zoo rau theem ntawm qhov tseem ceeb;
- teev qhov muaj zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm (tus neeg tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum qhia tias tus neeg sau tau tswj hwm qhov haujlwm li cas, thiab lwm yam yuav xav tau kev piav qhia ntxiv, nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus tsis meej ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov ntsiab lus sib cav);
- luv heev thiabobjectively tsim ib lub tswv yim txog kev ua hauj lwm thiab muab ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho;
- tsim cov lus xaus, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus sau lossis piav qhia rau tus neeg ua haujlwm tau hais txog thiab yuav nthuav.
Ua raws li cov kauj ruam no tsis tu ncua thiab saib xyuas cov qauv ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yuav ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua no tuaj yeem siv nyab xeeb thaum npaj kev tshuaj xyuas rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm txhua hom ntawv.
Ua ntej sau kev tshuaj xyuas, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav txog science. Cov ntawv nyeem nws tus kheej yuav tsum meej thiab meej, yooj yim to taub thiab tsis muaj cov lus lexical inherent hauv kev kos duab lossis kev hais lus.
Yog tias tus neeg tshuaj xyuas xav txhawb nws lub tswv yim nrog qee qhov kev sib piv, cov lus qhia, cov lus hais, thiab lwm yam, ces qhov no yog qhov tsis tsim nyog, vim tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau cov kev tshuaj xyuas tsuas yog hauv kev tshawb fawb. Txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws los yog qhov sib txawv, qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau sim qhia yam tsis siv cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus sau.
