Hnov cov lus xws li "kev ua qauv", "tus qauv", tus neeg xav txog cov duab ntawm nws thaum yau: qauv tsev, tsheb me, dav hlau, lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kev xaiv yooj yim uas lawv xav txog cov haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tiag thiab cov khoom. Saib ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv, nws yooj yim dua kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm tus thawj nws tus kheej.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua qauv
Piv txwv ntawm cov qauv duab nraaj muaj nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws yog nrog lawv cov kev pabcuam uas ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tiag tiag. Lawv zoo ib yam li cov khoom tiag, tab sis lawv tsuas muaj cov yam ntxwv uas yuav xav tau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias nws ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau lawv nrog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib yam khoom tiag tiag. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yuav tsim nyog los ua qhov nyuaj rau cov qauv, nws yuav tsis yooj yimlom zem.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias dab tsi yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv, hauv qhov xwm txheej twg nws yuav siv. Raws li cov yam ntxwv no, qhov tsim txo cov ntawv luam ntawm cov khoom tiag yog endowed nrog qee qhov tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub qauv, lawv sim ua raws li ib tug meej ib theem zuj zus. Nws suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom nws tus kheej, teeb tsa lub hom phiaj los tsim ib daim ntawv me me, txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb.
System Analysis
Yog tias koj txheeb xyuas cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev hais lus, duab, lej, kev xaiv tabular. Cia peb sim txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tsim nyog rau kev ua qauv, nrog rau nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau cov khoom ntawm ib yam khoom tiag los ua nws cov ntawv txo qis feem ntau hu ua kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
View option
Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qauv ntawm ntau hom paub meej tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia. Nws yog nws uas txuas nrog kev tsim ntawm ib qho duab txog ib yam khoom tiag. Ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb uas siv rau qhov project, cov thawj coj ua haujlwm yog rau kev pom. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nraaj qauv. Wb tham kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Nws yooj yim heev los muab piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv duab qauv. Lawv tuaj yeem yog daim duab qhia chaw ntawm ib cheeb tsam, hluav taws xobschemes, ntau yam duab kos, graphs. Nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov nthuav dav uas tus nqi tib yam hauv kev kawm, piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub huab cua kub, tuaj yeem sawv cev rau ntau hom. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li lub rooj, kev sib koom ua ke, ntawv nyeem. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsim cov qauv ntaub ntawv raws li tib cov ntaub ntawv yog siv ob qho tib si hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv dav dav thiab hauv kev kawm qib siab.
Daim ntawv thov kev ua qauv
Tom qab cov qauv ntawm ib qho khoom tiag tsim, nws cov kev txwv yuav siv tau kom paub txog tus thawj, kwv yees tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev kawm nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej, thiab ua tiav cov kev suav tsim nyog. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qauv ntawm cov khoom qhia tias feem ntau nws yooj yim dua los siv cov kev xaiv sib xyaw. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv li no? Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw-saib cov qauv yog muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Lawv tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab, los ntawm kev suav lej ua ntej, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub tsev, txhawm rau tiv thaiv "drawdown" ntawm lub hauv paus.
Vivid piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov qauv ntawm ib hom sib xyaw yog ntau hom duab qhia chaw. Lawv yog supplemented los ntawm cov ntxhuav, piav qhia inscriptions, topographical tshwj xeeb cim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv geography, daim duab, daim duab, thiab daim duab yog feem ntau siv. Cov tom kawg tau muab faib ua daim duab, thaiv, daim duab qhia chaw.
About model classification
Yuav ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv tsim nws yooj yim, muaj kev faib ua feem rau hauvblocks:
- by scope;
- kev txawj ntse;
- sijhawm yam;
- viewview.
Ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem faib raws li hom kev tsim kho hauv network, hierarchical, tabular views. Nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia, muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm cov duab cov ntaub ntawv qauv ntawm ib hom kos npe lossis kos duab kos npe. Cov khoom tiag tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom lossis kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev ua.
Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv piv txwv
Cia hais tias tus kws qhia ntawv hauv zaj lus qhia tau muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm: muab cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv duab kos duab. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov no? Txhawm rau pib, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev xaiv kho ntawm daim ntawv. Lawv tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib daim duab qhia chaw, kos duab, duab, duab. Muaj ntau qhov piv txwv zoo li no hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm pom yog muab cov ntaub ntawv uas tau kawm hauv graphical thiab tabular daim ntawv.
Tsis yog hauv cov lus qhia txog thaj chaw xwb, tus kws qhia ntawv muaj nws cov tub kawm ntau daim duab thiab daim duab qhia chaw. Ib qho kev kawm xws li keeb kwm kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov duab kos, duab kos, thiab ntau lub rooj. Yog hais tias tus kws qhia keeb kwm qhia nws cov tub kawm: "Muab piv txwv ntawm cov qauv duab qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad," tus me nyuam tsuas yog xav qhib lub atlas ntawm nplooj ntawv xav tau. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov xib xub thiab cov xim accents, daim ntawv qhia qhia txog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hais txog qhov kev tshwm sim legendary. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv, kev xaiv rau cov ntaub ntawv piv txwvcov qauv kuj pom muaj nyob hauv cov tsev kawm txuj ci tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv sab nraud.
Kev faib cov qauv raws sijhawm
Muaj cov kev xaiv dynamic thiab zoo li qub. Lawv txawv heev. Cov qauv ntaub ntawv zoo li qub suav nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom hauv kev kawm hauv ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov piv txwv tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm tsim lub tsev. Kev tsim kho suav nrog kev suav thawj zaug ntawm lub zog, tsis kam ua haujlwm zoo li qub. Muaj cov kev xaiv zoo li qub hauv kev kho hniav. Piav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thaum lub sij hawm kuaj mob, tus kws kho mob sau qhov muaj ntau yam tsis xws luag, tus naj npawb ntawm txhaws.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus qauv zoo, tus kws kho hniav yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev ntawm tus neeg cov hniav nyob rau lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, rau xyoo tas los lossis txij li lub sijhawm nkag mus dhau los. Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv ntaub ntawv dynamic thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov yam ntxwv lossis cov yam ntxwv uas xav tias hloov pauv raws sijhawm. Ntawm cov kev txwv no peb tuaj yeem hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm seismic, kub dhia, hloov pauv huab cua.
Vajtswv Cov Qauv Qauv
Pab pawg no yog qhov pom kev pom los ntawm ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus tub ntxhais kawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv. Thaum teb cov lus nug los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, tus menyuam siv cov lus piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim, txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, thaum tham txog cov kev cai ntawm tus cwj pwm rau tus neeg taug kev ntawm txoj kev, tus tub ntxhais kawm nws tus kheej ua qauv ntawm qhov xwm txheej, qhianws tus kheej txoj kev daws nws. Cov lus sib dhos, uas tus kws sau paj huam tseem tsis tau hloov mus rau ib daim ntawv, belongs rau pawg no. Cov ntaub ntawv hais lus qauv yog piav qhia. Nws qhov piv txwv yog prose hauv tej hauj lwm, cov lus piav qhia ntawm tej yam khoom thiab phenomena.
Iconic qauv
Raws li lwm tus yam ntxwv, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov pom ntawm cov khoom tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev siv hom lus. Muab 2 qhov piv txwv ntawm tus qauv qhia txog kev kos npe, cia peb tsom mus rau cov ntawv thiab cov duab kos. Ob txoj hauv kev los sawv cev ib yam khoom yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov spheres ntawm kev ua ntawm ib tug neeg niaj hnub. Muaj kev faib cov qauv cim rau hauv cov qauv, tshwj xeeb, hais lus, kev xav, geometric hom.
Math Forms
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ntaub ntawv lej yog kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntau. Piv txwv li, paub qhov loj ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv kev xav, nws yog ua tau, siv cov mis, los xam qhov ceev ntawm nws lub zog rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm. Cov qauv ntaub ntawv lej tau muab faib ua hom: discrete, static, simulation, nruam, dynamic, logical, algorithmic, ntau, game, probabilistic.
Tabular Information Models
Yog tias cov khoom vaj khoom tsev, cov qauv tau nthuav tawm raws li cov npe, thiab cov txiaj ntsig muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb, peb tab tom tham txog tus qauv tabular. Nws suav hais tias yog ib txoj hauv kev tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv. Siv cov rooj los tsimdynamic thiab zoo li qub cov ntaub ntawv yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv thov. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, ib tug neeg tau ntsib nrog cov kev xaiv zoo sib xws, tshuaj xyuas lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau suburban, kawm txog TV program, saib cov huab cua huab cua. Muaj cov rooj binary uas nthuav tawm ob tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem lossis qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab.
Piv txwv li, txhawm rau teeb tsa cov duab nrawm, kos cov lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txav thiab sijhawm. Cov lus "object - object" qhia cov npe hauv kab thiab kab ntawm lawv cov npe. Piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov qhia txog kev sib hais haum. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv yuav yog cov yam ntxwv zoo. Cov ntxhuav ntawm qhov kev xaiv "khoom - khoom" muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov xwm txheej hauv kab, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws cov yam ntxwv hauv kab. Siv cov rooj no, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab huab cua tsis zoo: qhov kub thiab txias, cua zog, nag lossis daus rau ob peb hnub. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los siv cov qauv tabular nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab muaj ob peb yam ntxwv. Yog tias tsim nyog los kos ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov kab subway, uas muaj ntau ceg, kev hloov pauv, yuav tsum muaj cov qauv ntaub ntawv network. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus qauv qhia hierarchical yog ib tsob ntoo tsev neeg.
Zoo kawg
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv qauv pab tus neeg niaj hnub no txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej, thev naus laus zis, ntsib hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Nrog lawv pab, koj tuaj yeem tau txaisib lub tswv yim ntawm qee yam khoom tiag tiag, tshwm sim, txhawm rau nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los siv, tswj nws. Yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qauv ntawm ntau hom, nws muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm.
