khoom ntoo yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Los ntawm cov khoom siv no, ob qho tib si tag nrho cov tsev thiab cov khoom me me, cov khoom, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov khoom sib txawv kom tau txais cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog. Ua li no, siv cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov kws ntoo tsim nyog. Lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov kws ntoo, lawv cov kev xaiv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim yuav raug tham hauv qab no.
Txoj kev sib txuas, cov ntaub ntawv siv
Yuav ua li cas cov kws ntoo sib txuas koj paub? Ib tug kws paub txog yuav muaj peev xwm sau npe ntau lub kaum ob ntawm lawv. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis muaj kev sib txuas universal. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov kev xaiv uas haum tshaj plaws.
Nyob hauv kev tsim kho, kev lag luam rooj tog, thiab hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ntoo, feem ntau yuav tsum tau txuas rau ntau yam. Lawv tuaj yeem txuas mus tas litab sis muaj kev sib txuas ua ke. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, fastening yog nqa tawm siv kua nplaum, rau tes, screws, staples los yog lwm yam ntxiv txhais tau tias. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom disassemble xws li ib tug kev twb kev txuas thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm. Ib hom pob qij txha yog siv rau hauv cov ntoo ntau zaus.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom, piv txwv li, folding rooj tog lossis hloov cov qauv, qee zaum tsim nyog los tsim kev sib txuas ua ke. Hauv qhov no, tsis siv cov kua nplaum lossis lwm cov khoom kho.
Cov ntoo ntoo koom nrog kev sib txuas qee cov ntsiab lus hauv ib txoj kev. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov khoom tuav, cov laug cam, cov ntaub thaiv npog, thiab lwm yam. Cov no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom tuaj yeem muaj ib thooj, ob lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus uas yav tas los ua ke. Qee zaum, qhov chaw yog ua los ntawm veneering.
Tom qab txuas ob lossis ntau qhov chaw, tau txais lub pob. Nws tuaj yeem yog daim ntaub thaiv, lub thawv, lub thav duab, thiab lwm yam. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib txuas uas twb muaj lawm, cov khoom tiav lossis ib feem ntawm nws (chaw, cog, thiab lwm yam) tau txais.
Thaum xaiv qhov kev sib txuas, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov khoom tiav yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov, muaj zog, ua haujlwm zoo, zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, tus tswv yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj kev paub txog kev paub txog kev xaiv kom raug ntawm hom kev sib koom ua ke, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm tsim kev sib txuas uas ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub no thiab cov qauv.
Ntau yam
Yuav muaj ntau hom kev sib koom ua ke.
Lawvtswj los ntawm GOST 9330-60 thiab tej zaum yuav yog ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg teev nyob rau hauv tus qauv. Kev sib txuas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li hauv qab no:
- Los ntawm qhov ntev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los ua ke cov khoom uas nyob ib sab ntawm txhua qhov kawg. Pawg no suav nrog kev sib txuas thiab kev tsim kho. Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv uas feem ntau siv yog kev sib txuas ntawm spike. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev sib xyaw ua ke. Koj puas paub cov ntoo ntoo dab tsi? Txhua tus kws ntoo muaj nws qhov kev paub txog kev siv cov pob qij txha.
- Nyob ntawm ntug. Hom kev sib xyaw no hu ua fusion. Nws yog siv rau ob lossis ntau qhov khoob thiaj li tau txais qhov dav.
- Angled terminals. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li joiner lub tenon pob qij txha. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntsiab lus converge ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv thaum tsim rooj tog.
- Angular medians. Thaum tsim ib qho kev sib txuas, ib feem txuas rau lwm qhov nrog nws qhov kawg, lossis hla nws tag nrho ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse. Hauv thawj kis, kev sib txuas yog hu ua abutment, thiab hauv qhov thib ob, kev sib tshuam. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los tsim cov ntaub thaiv npog.
- Box knit. Nws yog siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus dav. Feem ntau, cov pob qij txha zoo li no yog ua thaum sib dhos cov thawv, lub thawv. Hom kev sib txuas no tuaj yeem xaus lossis nruab nrab.
Txoj kev docking yog xaiv raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom.
Splices thiab extensions
Hauv cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws ntoo pob txha pob txha, kev saib xyuas ntau yog them rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj. Lawv muaj ntau yam sib xws. Splicing yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm ob qhov chaw nyob horizontally raws qhov ntev. Extension tso cai rau koj los ua kom qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw uas ntsug rau ib leeg. Qhov no, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem yog tus nqi bar.
Splicing thiab extension yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv cov ntoo. Lawv yog siv kom tau cov kab ntev, ncej. Feem ntau qhov ntev tsis raug txiav los ntawm ib lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv hauv kev tsim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kho ntawm joinery, lub tsev los yog splicing yuav tsum tau.
Siv cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm, stair railings, tsev strapping beams, skirting boards thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws tau txais.
Ntau zaus, cov ntoo tawv yog siv los tsim qhov ntev. Cov tuav me me raug txiav los ntawm nws, uas yog glued nyob rau hauv dav thiab ntev. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov blanks no suav nrog kev siv txawm tias kev lag luam pov tseg los ntawm kev lag luam woodworking.
Joinery pob qij txha ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom nthuav tawm kuj yog siv los tsim cov qhov rooj, qhov rais thav duab. Hauv qhov no, cov ntoo coniferous feem ntau siv. Niaj hnub nimno adhesives yog heev ruaj. Nrog lawv pab, nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug yuav luag imperceptible seam.
Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim thiab sib dhos:
- rov qab-rau-rov qab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ntsiab yog txuas rau ntawm qhov kawg. Lawv raug txiav tiaj tus ntawm txoj cai lossis lwm lub kaum sab xis.
- Ib nrab tsob ntoo overlay. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau muaj ib tug square los yog rectangular cross section.
- Thiab. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv sib xws. Qhov thib ob muaj qhov chaw so, uas sib haum rau hauv nws qhov kev teeb tsa rau lub protrusion. Kev sib koom tes tuaj yeem yog puag ncig, tiaj tus, lossis oblique (piv txwv li, dovetail (trapezoid) sib koom ua ke, uas feem ntau siv thaum ua haujlwm ua haujlwm).
- Nkag xauv.
Ntau yam ntawm kev sib txuas thiab txuas ntxiv
Muaj ntau ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm hom nthuav tawm. Txoj kev tshaj plaws yog wedge-type carpentry spiked joints. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug loj kev sib raug zoo cheeb tsam yog tsim. Qhov no ua kom nruj compression. Ib qho kev sib txuas spiked yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm kev kos thiab tsim. Hauv qhov no, kev ua ntoo tuaj yeem ua tau siv lub tshuab.
Yuav ua li cas cov neeg ntoo pob qij txha koj paub? Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv. Thaum splicing nrog ib lub pob tw, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov sib txawv uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, plinth, vaj huam sib luag strapping. Hauv qhov no, ua ib qho kev txiav oblique ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45º. Tib lub sijhawm, lub thawv miter yog siv los ua kom tiav qhov tseeb ntawm kev txiav.
Yog hais tias qhov seem yuav nyob rau hauv load, txiav yuav tsum sharper. Nws yog hu ua slanting mustache. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib tug dav spike khiav raws tag nrho ntev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog siv txawm rau qhov nkhaus ntawm qhov khoov.
Yog xav paub ntxivtransverse compression ua, ib qho ncaj qha overhead txiav yog ua nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib tsob ntoo. Feem ntau cov overlay yog ntxiv kho nrog kev pab los ntawm ob dowels. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab los ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhov kawg raug txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom muaj zog nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ncaj nraim nrog lub xub pwg nyom.
Yog hais tias cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov nro, lawv yog spliced nrog dovetail spike. Tab sis rau cov ntsiab lus no, kev txhawb nqa los ntawm hauv qab no yog xav tau.
Yog tias cov khoom yuav luag tiaj tus, koj tuaj yeem ua ob lub dovetail spike. Tab sis qhov no yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, yog li nws siv tsis tshua muaj.
Yog tias cov khoom muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv qab, lawv kuj muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab nruj. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev sib txuas ob dovetail yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov khoom siv ntoo twg yuav ua tau yog tias cov khoom txhawb nqa hauv qab thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam uas txav mus rau qhov sib txawv? Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog siv cov splicing nrog ib puag ncig spike.
Rallying
Xav txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntoo ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, nws tsim nyog sau cia ntau yam xws li kev sib tw. Nws yog siv los koom nrog qhov nqaim. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ib lub workpiece ntawm ntau dua qhov dav. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov txheej txheem no yog siv los ua kom tuab.
Pem hauv ntej yog veneered. Lawv tau pasted nrog ntoo, uas belongs rau qeb ntawm cov tsiaj muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev sib tw muaj xws li cov kev sib txuas hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv ib lub puffer smooth. Hauv qhov no, ib qho nplaum nplaum yog siv. Cov npoo ntawm qhov chaw yog ruaj khov rau ib leegphooj ywg. Tom qab ntawd lawv yog glued. Tom ntej no, lub workpiece yog muab tso rau hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov no tuaj yeem yog presses, workbench lossis clamps. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, screws, wedges thiab lwm yam clamps yog feem ntau siv. Cov nplaum nplaum dries nyob rau hauv siab. Nws yog extruded raws txoj kab sib koom.
- Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pawg. Hauv ib qho ntawm cov npoo, ib qho zawj yog xaiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Qhov no yog tus nplaig, uas yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 1/3 ntawm lub thickness ntawm ib feem. Ib tug ridge yog ua nyob rau hauv opposite ntug, lub configuration ntawm uas sib haum mus rau lub zawj. Cov kev sib txuas zoo li no tuaj yeem yog duab plaub lossis trapezoidal.
- A quarter. Nyob rau hauv cov npoo, cov khoom raug xaiv mus txog ib nrab ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub workpiece. Qhov loj tib yam ua longitudinal recesses. Lawv hu ua quarters.
- Nyob ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nws txawv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke hauv cov ntawv pawg los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov grooves. Lawv kuj xaiv txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.
- Nyob rau hauv dowels. Xaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tapering upwards thiab raws qhov ntev ntawm grooves. Lawv muaj cov duab trapezoidal thiab qhov tob ntawm 1/3 ntawm lub thickness ntawm ib feem. Dowels yog tsav mus rau hauv grooves, uas muaj ib tug bevelled ntug. Nws sib haum rau hom groove. Qhov kev sib txuas no tiv thaiv cov ntaub thaiv los ntawm warping.
- Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim. Ib lub bar yog glued rau ntawm ntug kawg ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov duab ntawm tus nplaig-ridge tuaj yeem yog duab plaub, daim duab peb sab lossis lwm yam profile. Qhov kev sib txuas no yog siv rau qhov xaus uas nyuaj ua kom tiav.
Nkauj kho siab thiab tu siab. Qhov los yog zes yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov npoo ntawm cov khoom zoo sib koom ua ke. Rectangular spikes los yog puag ncig protrusions (dowels) yog muab tso rau hauv lawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub spikes yuav tsum muaj ib tug tuab ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 1/3 ntawm thickness ntawm qhov chaw.
Kaws pob qij txha
Muaj ntau yamhom kev sib koom ua ke. Cov pob qij txha tau muab faib ua ib pab pawg.
Knitting hauv qhov no tshwm sim ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse. Cov kev sib txuas zoo li no tau muab faib ua lub thawv thiab cov ncej. Cov pob qij txha uas siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nthuav tawm yog:
- Nyob. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim, tab sis tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm ib feem kev sib raug zoo. Thaum kawg, cov khoom raug xaiv mus txog ib nrab ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub workpiece.
- Txoj kab ncaj nraim. Qhov no yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kaum pob qij txha. Lub spike nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov (socket). Nws tuaj yeem yog ib leeg, ob lossis peb zaug. Kev xaiv yog tsim nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub zog ntawm qhov. Lub zes tuaj yeem qhib rau ntawm ib sab. Nws hu ua lag ntseg. Yog tias lub zes qhib ntawm ob sab, nws raug hu los ntawm. Muaj qhov qhib ntawm peb sab. Lawv hu ua lub qhov muag, uas nyob rau hauv qhov kawg. Lub zes kuj tuaj yeem nyob hauv nruab nrab.
- Slanting dovetail spike. Qhov no yog qhov kev sib txuas muaj zog uas nyiam tshaj qhov ncaj ncaj. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev coj ua piv rau cov npoo. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov dav yuav tsum yog 1/3 ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub bar. Qhov kawg yuav tsum yog 3/5.
- Nyob rau hauv dowels. Qhov no yog knitting ntawm dowels los yog round plug-in dowels. Cov kev sib txuas hloov mus ua kom tsis tshua muaj zog dua li ib qho spiked, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav muaj nyiaj pub dawb.
- Nyob rau lub hwj txwv. Qhov kawg yog txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no yog siv ob qho tib si rau cov tuav ntawm tib yam thiab txawv qhov dav. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm qhov txiav yuav txawv.
Kev sib txuas
Kev koom ua ke tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev koom nrog. Nov yog hom gusset.
Hauv qhov no, qhov kawg ntawm ib qho bar yog nyob ib sab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lwm qhov. Xws li kev sib txuas yog ua ib nrab ib tsob ntoo (overlay). Lub spike tuaj yeem yog oblique lossis ncaj, semi-pob los yog dhau. Qee zaum, kev sib txuas yog ua los ntawm dowels.
Box Connections
Lub thawv ntoo pob qij txha yog categorized li kaum pob qij txha. Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog zaum thiab joinery. Xws li kev sib txuas tuaj yeem ua nrog ncaj lossis oblique spikes. Lawv tus lej nyob ntawm qhov dav thiab tuab ntawm qhov chaw (shields). Ib tug spike yog ua rau ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau koom nrog. Qhov uas muaj ib lub qhov muag ntawm ntug muaj ib tug ntxiv protrusion.
Box-hom kev sib txuas tuaj yeem lag ntseg, dhau los, nrog lub ntsej muag huv lossis ib nrab zais. Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm cov pob qij txha yog siv rau qhov chaw uas nyob rau hauv lub workpiece, thiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej sab, yog hais tias nws yog npaj los npog cov nto nrog plywood.
Yog tias qhov qhib tsuas yog ntawm ib sab, cov khoom ua haujlwm txuas nrog ib nrab-pob ntseg. Yog tias lawv qhib rau txhua sab, cov txheej txheem ntws tawm yog siv. Ntxig spikes yuav siv tau. Tab sis hom pob qij txha no yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
Lub thawv junctions yog tsim los ntawm kev ncaj nraim los ntawm spikes, grooves nrog ridges. Lawv tuaj yeem yog duab plaub, duab peb sab, trapezoidal. Grooves yog siv yog los ntawm sab ntugprotruding kawg yog undesirable.
Daim ntawv nplaum
Kev koom nrog feem ntau ua tiav siv cov kua nplaum. Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem uas siv rau hauv kev tsim cov rooj tog thiab lwm yam khoom. Yog tias koj txuas cov ntoo nrog cov kua nplaum nkaus xwb, koj tau txais kev sib koom ua ke tag nrho. Niaj hnub nimno compositions muaj siab zog tom qab solidification. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tsuas yog ua tiav yog tias cov khoom tau raug kho kom raug thiab txuas nrog raug.
Txoj kev no yog siv tsis yog rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas rau lub fugue du. Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau koj los lo plywood ntawm tus ncej, ua cladding. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum gluing ob peb nyias blanks, ib feem tuab yog tau.
Veneering
Cov ntoo dawb yog muab tso rau hauv cov boards, uas yog hu ua cladding. Veneering yog pasting nrog cov nplooj ntoo uas muaj nqi heev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nplaum txuas yog siv. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho cov tsos ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj ua kom lub ntsej muag ruaj khov.
Plywood tuaj yeem saws, tev lossis txiav (npaj). Cov txheej txheem no yog nqa tawm ntawm ib lossis ob sab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, lub zog ntawm cov khoom yog nce ntau. Plywood tuaj yeem ua rau hauv ib lossis ntau txheej.
Yog tias siv ib sab veneering, daim ntawv yog glued nrog fibers thaum uas tig mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub fibers ntawm lub hauv paus. Thaum ob sab, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau qhov sib koom ua ke.
Vim yog shrinkage lossis ziab ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab warping ntawm plywood, nws yuav deformed thiabpuag. Vim li no, concavity yog tsim. Xws li ib tug deformation yuav ntau dua, qhov me me piv ntawm lub thickness ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog rau nws qhov dav. Yog hais tias lub bar tau qhuav zoo, nws thickness yuav tsis tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm qhov dav, ces warping tsis pom.
