Nrog tag nrho cov pob zeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov pab pawg tseem ceeb yog igneous, uas tau tsim ntau lab xyoo nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust los ntawm volcanic lava. Cov tsiaj no suav nrog ib qho tseem ceeb
khoom siv hauv tsev - granite. Cov khoom ntawm lub pob zeb no tau ntev tau kawm los ntawm tib neeg. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias nws tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho yav dhau los, nws tseem siv niaj hnub no. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm monuments thiab cov qauv ntawm antiquity tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sij hawm vim lub fact tias lawv tau ua los ntawm granite. Nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv tau zoo ua rau lub pob zeb no yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrov heev.
Granite deposits
Lub pob zeb no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib zog ntawm magma ntawm qhov tob tob. Nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kub siab, siab, gases nce los ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust thiab evaporation. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej no,xws li ib tug tshwj xeeb qauv, kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo uas peb saib nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb no. Feem ntau nws yog xim grey, tab sis qee zaum liab lossis ntsuab granite yog mined. Nws cov khoom yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm nws cov khoom xyaw. Nws yog coarse-grained, nruab nrab-grained thiab fine-grained (feem ntau
durable).
Lub pob zeb no feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov tob tob, tab sis qee zaum los rau saum npoo. Granite deposits muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub teb chaws, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Siberia, Karelia, Finland, India thiab Brazil. Nws cov extraction yog kim heev, raws li nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg loj, feem ntau txuas mus rau ob peb kilometers.
Cov pob zeb no
Granite yog hais txog cov pob zeb polymineral tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog feldspar, uas txiav txim siab nws cov xim. Yuav luag ib lub hlis twg yog nyob los ntawm quartz, uas yog ib qho kev suav nrog ntawm cov nplej pob zeb translucent. Granite muaj lwm yam minerals (piv txwv li,
txog li 10% nws tuaj yeem muaj cov tourmaline, mus txog 20% mica), nrog rau kev suav nrog hlau, manganese, monazite lossis ilmenite.
Basic zog ntawm granite
Txoj kev tsim txiaj ntawm lub pob zeb no tso cai rau peb qhuas cov vaj tsev ua vaj tse ua los ntawm nws thaum ub los txawm tam sim no. Dab tsi ntawm granite txiav txim siab nws txoj kev siv dav?
1. Durability. Fine-grained ntau yam ntawm granite qhia thawj cov cim ntawm kev puas tsuaj tsuas yog tom qab 500 xyoo. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum nwshu ua pob zeb nyob mus ib txhis.
2. Lub zog. Granite yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov tshaj plaws tom qab pob zeb diamond. Nws yog resistant rau compression thiab txhuam. Qhov no yog vim lub zog ntawm quartz, uas yog ib feem ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws paub meej tias vim li cas lub pob zeb no muaj zog heev tom qab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm qhov pom ntawm granite yog dab tsi. Nws yog tiag tiag siab heev - yuav luag peb tons ib cubic meter.
3. Huab cua tsis kam. Granite tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60 mus rau 50 degrees Celsius. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias cov khoom granite tsis poob lawv cov khoom tom qab khov thiab thawing 300 zaug.
4. Waterproof. Nws yog ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej no uas granite yog li
Frost resistant. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau embankment cladding.
5. Ecological purity. Granite tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab yog li muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev tsim kho.
6. Hluav taws kub tsis kam. Cov khoom no pib yaj tsuas yog ntawm 700-800 degrees Celsius. Yog li ntawd, cladding lub tsev nrog lawv tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb.
7. Yooj yim ntawm kev ua, kev sib raug zoo nrog txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm textures thiab xim ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau kev tsim sab hauv.
8. Acid thiab fungus resistant.
Granite ua
Txawm hais tias muaj zog thiab lub zog loj ntawm lub pob zeb, cov pob zeb no yooj yim. Nws yooj yim heev los txiav thiabrau polish. Feem ntau loj granite blocks, slabs los yog granite chips thiab crushed pob zeb mus muag. Nws yog siv los ua cov vuas, countertops thiab paving pob zeb. Kev nplua nuj ntawm textures ntawm lub pob zeb ntuj no ua rau kev siv granite txais tau rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov pob zeb tsis kho zoo li zoo nkauj heev, absorbing lub teeb zoo. Polished mus rau ib tug ci, nws qhia tag nrho nws virtues thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm mica inclusions. Thaum ua cov pob zeb los ntawm chipping, ib qho kev daws teeb meem tau txais nrog cov nyhuv zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua si ntawm chiaroscuro. Thiab qee hom grey granite ua milky dawb tom qab kev kho cua sov.
Hom granites
Raws li cov zaub mov muaj nyob hauv granite, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog them nqi rau cov xim tsaus nti. Cov pob zeb no tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg: alaskite, leucogranite, biotite, pyroxene, alkali thiab lwm yam. Cov tsiaj no kuj txawv ntawm cov qauv:
- porphyritic granite uas muaj elongated inclusions ntawm minerals;
- pegmatoid - tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov nplej loj ntawm quartz thiab feldspar;
- gneissic - ib lub pob zeb zoo-grained;
- Finnish granite, uas tseem hu ua rapakivi, muaj cov kab liab liab;
- sau - ntau yam nthuav dav, nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm feldspar yog teem rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab txaij zoo li ib daim hlab, zoo ib yam li kev sau ntawv thaum ub.
Tsis ntev los no, cov khoom siv dag zog kuj tau siv, tsim los ntawm kev tua av nplaum nrogcov ntxhia. Lub pob zeb no hu ua porcelain stoneware thiab yuav luag zoo li ntuj pob zeb.
hom yug los ntawm xim
Cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm granite kuj nyob ntawm nws cov xim. Raws li lub hauv paus no, ntau pab pawg neeg sib txawv:
- amazonite granite muaj xim zoo nkauj xiav-ntsuab vim nws ntsuab feldspar;
- sawv liab thiab Leznikovsky liab - qhov ruaj tshaj plaws;
- grey pob zeb muaj ntau heev, thiab lawv tau txais lawv cov npe los ntawm cov chaw rho tawm: Korninsky, Sofievsky, Zhezhelevsky;
- Tsis tshua muaj yog dawb granite. Qhov no muaj xws li xim ntawm daj ntseg ntsuab mus pearl grey.
Kev siv granite
Lub pob zeb no tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab cladding rau ntau pua xyoo. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws cov nplua-grained ntau yam pib vau tsuas yog tom qab 500 xyoo. Nws yog feem resistant thiab ruaj heev. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm granite tso cai rau nws siv dav hauv kev tsim kho. Qhov twg siv cov ntxhia:
1. Feem ntau ntawm cov monuments thiab monuments yog tsim los ntawm nws.
2. Nws lub zog thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ua rau nws haum rau cov kauj ruam, pem teb, porches thiab txawm pavements.
3. Hauv huab cua txias, cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrov tshaj plaws yog granite. Nws cov khoom ua rau nws ua tau rau clad vaj tse thiab txawm embankments qhov twg
muajlub caij ntuj no hnyav heev.
4. Lub pob zeb no tuaj yeem hloov koj lub tsev ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov neeg tsim qauv siv nws los ua cov kab ke, ntaiv, cov rooj zaum, cov txee thiab cov railings. Lawv kuj muab cov phab ntsa hauv tsev nrog nws.
5. Kev siv cov granite hauv cov pas dej da dej, chav dej thiab cov kwj deg yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tso dej los ntawm txhua qhov. Thiab tseem tsis tawg nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv.
Granite hauv sab hauv
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, lub pob zeb no tau siv dav heev rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Nws sib xyaw zoo nkauj nrog txhua yam ntaub ntawv - ntoo, hlau thiab ceramics - thiab haum rau kev tsim ntawm txhua lub tsev. Ntxiv rau cov phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb cladding, granite kuj siv tau rau ntau qhov chaw hauv chav tsev. Nws cov khoom ua rau lub pob zeb no tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qhov rais sills thiab countertops hauv chav ua noj. Lawv yog cov yooj yim rau tu, ruaj thiab tsis deteriorate los ntawm raug rau ya raws thiab kub.
Granite yog siv dav hauv kev tsim toj roob hauv pes thiab. Txoj kev taug kev lossis gazebo lined nrog lub pob zeb no yuav tsis ntshai ntawm huab cua thiab yuav tsis tawg thaum lub sijhawm. Lub paj txaj dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm nws, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Japanese pob zeb vaj los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug terrace, saib zoo nkauj. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los siv granite rau kev tsim cov curbs thiab ntaiv.
Cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm lub pob zeb no tau kawm ntev lawm. Thiab nws tau siv los ntawm tus txiv neej txij thaum ancient sij hawm. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab, granite pib siv ntau zaus, vim tias nws tau los ua kom nws cov khoom zoo nkauj.
