Russian suav hais tias yog ib hom lus zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Yuav ua li cas nthuav thiab zoo nkauj. Nrog kev yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau hom kev pom pom rau qhov pomp thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm cov kab lus. Kev piav qhia tig, piv txwv uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus, yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo li no.
kab lus piav qhia yog dab tsi?
Thaum tham txog tej yam khoom, tshwm sim los yog tib neeg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob tsim txom repetitions. Kev piav qhia tig pab kom zam dhau lawv. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov lus hais los yog ib nqe lus sau uas siv los ntawm ib lo lus tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov kev kawm tsis ncaj qha npe. Qhov tseeb tias peb tab tom tham txog nws yog ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm cov duab nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ncauj lus no, uas muab cov lus piav qhia tig. Piv txwv li: ib tug dej yog ib tug tshiab hlab ntsha, snowflakes yog lub caij ntuj no midges, caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog lub sij hawm ntawm sawv.
Dab tsi qhov piv txwv thiab tsis yog piv txwv ntawm kev piav qhia. Yog hais tias tus figurative sawv daws yuav nqa ib tug zoo nkauj load, ces cov tsis-figurative sawv daws yuav tsuas nthuav lub tswv yim ntawm cov kev kawm. Piv txwv li, pajlub neej (cov me nyuam), Blue Planet (lub ntiaj teb), lub thib peb Rome (Moscow) yog cov piv txwv piav kab lus; Tus sau ntawm "Anna Karenina" (L. N. Tolstoy), lub nroog ntawm Neva (St. Petersburg), lub nroog fashionable ntawm Europe (Paris) - dab tuag.
Periphrase
Qhov muaj peev xwm nthuav dav ntawm cov kab lus piav qhia tau nyiam cov kws sau paj huam ntev ntev. Xws li kev tsim kho tau siv dav hauv lub sijhawm ntawm classicism, thaum lawv tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb hauv kev xaiv cov lus hauv kev ua haujlwm siab. Piv txwv li, M. V. Lomonosov siv ib qho kev piav qhia nyob rau hauv nws "Letter on the Benefits of Glass": "Cov kos duab uas Apelles tau qhuas, thiab rau qhov uas Rome tau tsa nws lub taub hau." Yog li ntawd, tus kws sau paj lug hu ua painting. Cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev sau ntawv hu ua qhov kev nthuav qhia no. Qhov no yog ib lo lus piav qhia siv nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm kos duab. Piv txwv los ntawm cov ntawv poetic: "lub sij hawm tu siab" (lub caij nplooj zeeg), "Peter's creation" (St. Petersburg), "dawb ntsiab" (hiav txwv). Paraphrase, nrog rau kev piv txwv, epithet, kev sib piv, txhais tau tias yog trope, uas yog, ib qho kev qhia uas txhim kho cov duab thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov lus.
Cov lus piav qhia hauv riddles
Cov kev tsim kho zoo li no nthuav dav lawv lub qab ntug, txhim kho erudition thiab kev hais lus-xav txog kev xav, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv cov lus sib tham rau cov menyuam yaus. Cov kab lus piav qhia (piv txwv los ntawm riddles):
- Xa cov noog mus rau sab qab teb, tshem cov ntoo;
- qhuav rau lub caij ntuj sov lub hnub, nws yuav muab tshem tawm ntawm cov pods;
- chik-chirp - dhia mus rau nplej;
- ncig thiab dexterous red-haired cheat.
Thaum kwv yees riddles, tus menyuam cov lus tau qhib, lub peev xwm los qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom yog sib sau ua ke. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm riddles, uas yog cov kab lus nrog cov lus piav qhia, hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam yog qhov zoo heev. Nws qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenomena lossis cov khoom, lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov lus yooj yim nkag siab rau tus menyuam, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhia ntawv. Riddles cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus xav paub, lawv nyiam cov lus.
Cov lus piav qhia
Kev piav qhia tig yog xav tau los tsim cov duab zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau tiv thaiv tautology. Cov kab lus piav qhia, piv txwv uas tau nthuav tawm hauv lub rooj, qee zaum qhia tau, dhau ntawm cov duab, ua lag luam zoo li.
| Example | Lub ntsiab lus piav qhia |
| Tsis ntev los no, ploj lawm lub hnub thiab dej hiav txwv sov, nws rov qab los ntawm pos huab Albion. | ntawm London |
| Lub koob tsheej yuav muaj nyob rau yav qab teb lub nroog Kazakhstan. | hauv Almaty |
| Tus tsim cov duab ntawm Juliet muab tso rau hauv nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hlub tiag tiag Italian. | Shakespeare |
| Thaj Av Ntawm Rising Sun pib ua kev zoo siab Hanami - cherry blossom saib. | Japan |
kab lus piav qhia hauv ntawv
Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, kev piav qhia kev tsim kho ua haujlwm nthuav dav hauvkab lus, lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv riddles thiab poetic tej hauj lwm los tsim ntau imagery. Hauv cov ntawv sau xov xwm, kab lus piav qhia tau dav siv los ua kev sib txuas lus.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, cov kab lus txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus, grammatically, structurally thiab hauv lub ntsiab lus. Thaum xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tej yam tshwm sim, khoom, kev tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob nqa tawm mus siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tib lo lus. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov nrog ib tug pronoun los yog kab lus piav qhia. Piv txwv:
- Daim duab "Italian tav su" yog sau nrog cov xim ntawm lub hnub ci Rome. Nws depicts lub neej ntawm Italians. Lub masterpiece ntawm lub ntiaj teb no painting tau lees paub tias yog ib qho ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Karl Bryullov thiab nthuav tawm rau Empress, tus poj niam ntawm Nicholas I. (Cov painting yog ib tug masterpiece)
- Africa yog suav tias yog lub teb chaws kub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm nws cov av tsis haum rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov cheeb tsam Arid thiab cov suab puam ntawm Dub Continent nyob ntau dua li ib nrab ntawm nws thaj chaw tag nrho. (Africa - Nws - Dub Continent)
- Abu Dhabi suav tias yog qhov chaw nyob zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub nroog nyob hauv cov suab puam huv si thiab zoo nkauj heev. Yim caum lab tsob ntoo thiab tsob ntoo me ntsis hnub tim tau cog rau ntawm nws thaj chaw. (Abu Dhabi - Lub Nroog hauv suab puam - ntawm nws)
Nrog rau cov lus, cov lus sib txuas, cov lus qhia thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus grammatical, cov lus piav qhia yog ib txoj hauv kev sib txuas cov kab lus hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm piav qhia. Piv txwv li: Sicily attractstourists nrog nws cov xwm txheej, txhiab xyoo keeb kwm thiab thawj kab lis kev cai. Cov kob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Mediterranean khaws keeb kwm ntev: Syracuse yog lub nroog-tsev cia puav pheej qhib rau pej xeem, sawv cev rau ntau lub tuam tsev architectural. Qhov chaw yug ntawm Mount Etna caw cov qhua mus taug kev mus rau lub qhov tsua, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb raws li nws tau saib xyuas ib ncig ntawm lub moos. Nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm peb lub hiav txwv, ib qho ntawm kev tshav ntuj ntuj thiab nws lub peev, Palermo, yog qhov txaus nyiam rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi thiab lwm yam kev nyiam: nuv ntses, ntug hiav txwv dej, khw, chaw ua si lom zem.
Cov lus piav qhia hauv cov ntawv kawm tiav
Kev xeem ua haujlwm ua lus Lavxias yog tsim los rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev ntseeg siab paub cov cai thiab cov qauv ntawm cov lus. Nws tseem muaj cov haujlwm los nrhiav kev piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv. Cov no yog cov dej num ntawm kev nyuaj siab, qhov twg los ntawm cov npe ntawm kev pom txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum xaiv tsuas yog cov uas tau siv hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
