Ib qho ntawm qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj cog yog qhov muaj nyob hauv lawv cov hlwb ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb - plastids. Cov no suav nrog chloroplasts, chromoplasts thiab leukoplasts, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tau tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
YDab tsi yog plastids
Plastids yog hu ua organelles ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, fungi thiab qee cov protozoa. Cov no yog lub cev sib npaug uas muaj cov qauv semi-autonomous. Lawv muaj peev xwm hloov tau rau ib leeg. Piv txwv li, leukoplasts, nws cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv raws li lub hnub ncaj qha, hloov mus rau chloroplasts. Ntau tus tau pom tias qos tubers tig ntsuab. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug amazing transformation. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov khoom zoo li no. Ua ke nrog chloroplasts, tshuaj lom accumulates nyob rau hauv tubers - alkaloid solanine. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav thiab muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb rau menyuam yaus.
Thaum txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub siav, plastids kuj cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, chromoplasts yog tsim los ntawm leukoplasts, uas txiav txim siab xim ntawm ntau yamCov khoom cog: daj, liab, liab, ntshav, thiab lwm yam.
Plastid yam
Leucoplasts, plastids, chromoplasts, chloroplasts txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Tab sis lawv txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab hloov tsis tau. Lub peev xwm muab xim rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog vim qhov tseeb tias chromoplasts muaj ntau yam xim - dyes.
Cov paj ci ci ntawm corollas ntawm cov nroj tsuag feem ntau yog cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no. Cov xim no, nrog rau cov ntxhiab ntawm cov paj, nyiam kab rau pollination, uas ua ntej fertilization thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim.
Ntsuab plastids muaj cov xim chlorophyll, uas txiav txim siab lawv cov xim. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom no (nrog rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide, dej thiab hnub ci hluav taws xob) yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khiav ntawm cov txheej txheem photosynthesis. Hauv nws cov chav kawm, cov nroj tsuag tsim cov carbohydrates thiab oxygen. Thawj yog rau lawv qhov khoom noj khoom haus, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Thiab cov pa oxygen yog siv los ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob, los ntawm cov kab mob mus rau tib neeg, ua pa.
Tus qauv ntawm leukoplasts
Leucoplast yog cov organelles tsis muaj xim. Lawv muaj qhov tseeb kheej kheej. Lub hauv paus system ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov tsis zoo. Cov duab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov tsis sib xws tsuas yog thaum cov hmoov nplej loj txaus pib tsim hauv lawv cov cytoplasm. Plastids leukoplasts muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm tua - tubers, qhov muag teev, rhizomes. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm leukoplasts yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo li nolawv cov tsev. Ntau cov as-ham muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv kab noj hniav ntawm cov organelles. Leucoplasts, zoo li tag nrho cov plastids, yog ob-membrane organelles. Txawm li cas los xij, lub plhaub sab hauv tsis tsim cov lus tshaj tawm hauv cov qauv.
Leukoplasts yog eukaryotic hlwb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov cytoplasm, DNA molecules uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv genetic muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-tsim nucleus.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm leukoplasts
Cov plastids tshwj xeeb. Nyob ntawm cov tsiaj, lawv muaj peev xwm mus sau thiab ua ke ntau hom organic tshuaj. Piv txwv li, carbohydrate starch muaj amyloplasts. Cov tshuaj no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, vim nws yog tsim los ntawm qabzib tau txais thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis. Oleoplasts tsim thiab khaws cov rog. Cov kua roj kuj muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag thiab hu ua roj. Proteinoplasts muaj cov proteins. Nws yog cov qauv ntawm leukoplasts uas txiav txim siab cov haujlwm no. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab noj hniav tsim nyog rau kev muab khoom thiab khaws cia ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, lawv muaj cov enzymes. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha no muaj peev xwm ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, tab sis tsis yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov khoom. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm, piv txwv li, ib qho yooj yim carbohydrate, qabzib, polysaccharide starch yog tsim. Thaum cov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau photosynthesis tshwm sim, nws rov tawg mus rau monomers thiab siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
leukoplasts nyob qhov twg
VimLub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm leukoplasts yog tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov khoom; cov organelles muaj nyob rau hauv cov thickened thiab fleshy qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qos yaj ywm tubers tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lawv. Txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas muaj nyob hauv nws cov leukoplasts. Ua li no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau siv ob peb tee ntawm iodine tov rau ib qho tshiab txiav. Raws li nws cov kev cuam tshuam, yav tas los tsis muaj xim plastids yuav tau txais cov xim liab qab nplua nuj. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub microscope txawm tias qhov ntsuas qis.
Tseem muaj ntau leucoplast nyob rau hauv cov qhov muag teev. Vim muaj cov dej ntau thiab cov carbohydrates, cov hauv paus hniav no tuaj yeem tiv taus lub sijhawm tsis zoo ntawm drought, Frost thiab cua sov hauv av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, saum toj no-hauv av me me ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag, thiab hloov tua tseem siv tau. Piv txwv li, tulips muaj sijhawm loj hlob thiab tawg paj hauv ob peb lub lis piam. Thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lawv lub teeb sib sau cov carbohydrates tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis los ntawm ntsuab qhov chaw ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog no.
Rhizomes tsis muaj qhov zam. Txhua tus paub tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas kom tshem tau cov nroj tsuag. Lawv tsis ntshai txawm tias muaj zog tshaj drought, thiab nplooj tshwm dua saum cov av saum npoo. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej tsim hauv av nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug thickened hloov tua nrog elongated internodes. Nws muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm leukoplasts, thiab yog li muaj cov khoom siv.
noob endosperm, fungal spores, qe ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua ua lawv txoj haujlwm meej vim muaj cov plastids.
Keeb kwmleucoplasts
Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj leukoplasts hauv cov ntaub so ntswg embryonic ntawm cov kab mob nroj tsuag tau raug pov thawj. Thiab lawv tau tsim los ntawm qhov hu ua proplastids. Cov qauv no yog cov precursors ntawm txhua yam zoo sib xws organelles. Thaum pib, lawv nyob rau hauv meristem - cov ntaub so ntswg kev kawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Proplastids yog microscopic lub cev txog li 1 µm loj. Nws yog los ntawm lawv tias tag nrho cov saw ntawm kev sib hloov pauv ntawm cov organelles ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog pib.
Yog li, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm leukoplasts yog kev sib txuas, sib sau thiab khaws cia ntawm ntau hom organic uas tsim nyog rau kev muaj sia nyob.
