Ntau tus neeg kwv yees paub tias cov plastids yog los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm botany, nws tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cell plastids yuav ua tau ntau yam duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab ua ntau yam functions nyob rau hauv lub cell. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm plastids, lawv hom thiab kev ua haujlwm rau cov neeg uas tau kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv ntev, thiab yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus neeg uas xav paub txog biology.
Kev tsim kho
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov qauv ntawm plastids hauv ib lub xovtooj. Txawm hais tias nws hom, nws muaj cov txheej txheem sab nrauv thiab sab hauv uas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, stroma - ib qho analogue ntawm cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA molecule, enzymes.
Chloroplast muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb - grana. Grana yog tsim los ntawm thylakoids, disc-zoo li cov qauv. Thylakoids koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ATP thiab oxygen.
Chloroplasts tsim cov hmoov nplej hmoov nplej raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm photosynthesis.
Leucoplast tsis pigmented. Lawv tsis muaj thylakoids, lawv tsis koom nrog hauv photosynthesis. Feem ntau ntawm cov leukoplastsconcentrated nyob rau hauv qia thiab hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Chromoplasts muaj lipid droplets - cov qauv uas muaj lipids tsim nyog los muab cov qauv plastid nrog lub zog ntxiv.
Plastids tuaj yeem muaj xim sib txawv, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov duab. Lawv qhov loj me hloov pauv hauv 5-10 microns. Cov duab feem ntau yog oval lossis puag ncig, tab sis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam.
Plastid yam
Plastids tuaj yeem tsis muaj xim (leucoplast), ntsuab (chloroplasts), daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv (chromoplasts). Nws yog chloroplasts uas muab cov nroj tsuag tawm lawv cov xim ntsuab.
Lwm yam ntawm plastids, chromoplasts, yog lub luag haujlwm rau xim daj, liab lossis txiv kab ntxwv.
Colorless plastids hauv cell ua lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov as-ham. Leukoplasts muaj cov rog, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, proteins thiab enzymes. Thaum cov nroj tsuag xav tau lub zog ntxiv, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau tawg mus rau hauv monomers - qabzib.
Leukoplasts nyob rau hauv qee yam mob (nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci lossis nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv) tuaj yeem hloov mus ua chloroplasts, chloroplasts hloov mus rau hauv chromoplasts thaum chlorophyll raug rhuav tshem, thiab xim xim ntawm chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin lossis xanthophyll - pib predominate nyob rau hauv cov xim. Qhov kev hloov pauv no pom tau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum nplooj thiab ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hloov xim vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm chlorophyll thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm chromoplast pigments.
Functions
Raws li tau hais los saum no, plastids tuaj yeem sib txawv, thiab lawv txoj haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes yog nyob ntawmntau yam.
Leucoplasts ua haujlwm tsuas yog khaws cov khoom noj thiab tswj lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag vim muaj peev xwm khaws cia thiab tsim cov proteins, lipids, enzymes.
Chloroplast ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm chlorophyll pigment concentrated hauv plastids, carbon dioxide thiab dej molecules hloov mus rau hauv qabzib thiab oxygen molecules.
Chromoplasts nyiam kab rau pollination vim lawv cov xim ci. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov plastids tseem tab tom ua.
