Oocytes (qe) feem ntau yog daim ntawv embryonic ntawm tus tsiaj lossis qe. Oology, ib ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm zoology, koom nrog kev kawm ntawm lawv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug nas, lub qe qe loj yog kwv yees li 0.06 millimeters, tab sis txoj kab uas hla ntawm embryonic daim ntawv ntawm ib tug African ostrich tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15-18 centimeters. Cov duab kuj yuav txawv. Tab sis feem ntau cov qe yog spherical los yog oval nyob rau hauv cov duab. Hauv qee cov tsiaj muaj sia, lawv tuaj yeem ua oblong, elongated, xws li, piv txwv li, hauv cov ntses, hagfish lossis kab. Nyob ntawm seb qhov degree ntawm kev faib tawm thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj hauv lub qe, qhov loj thiab lwm yam ntxwv raug txiav txim. Kev sib sau ntawm cov yolk (cov khoom no) yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nruam loj, los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij faib oocytes rau ntau hom. Cov txheej txheem fertilization tshwm sim nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub oviduct. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm txoj kev ntawm oocyte los ntawm cov kwj dej, fragmentation tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem no ua tiav raws li hom discoidal tsis tiav. Vim lub fact tias thaum pib ntawm crushing tshwm sim twb nyob rau hauv lub oviduct, nyob rau hauv cov noog, ib tug nteg qe yuav nyob rau ntawm ib tug ntawm cov oviduct.theem ntawm cleavage (zoo li ib tug nquab) los yog gastrulation (zoo li ib tug qaib).
Nug qe
Cov poj niam ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj nteg oocytes. Ntau hom nteg qe ntawm cov duab sib txawv. Qhov no yog vim qhov chaw uas lub masonry yuav nyob. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub zes tau teem rau hauv qhov los yog pits, ces cov qe yuav puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov noog uas nws clutch nyob rau ntawm pob zeb ledges, oocytes yuav oblong. Feem ntau, tus noog loj dua, lub qe loj dua. Tab sis muaj kev zam rau txoj cai no thiab. Yog li, piv txwv li, brood hom, uas nws cov xeeb ntxwv tam sim ntawd yoog rau nws tus kheej noj, nteg qe uas loj dua (piv rau lub cev ntawm tus poj niam) dua li cov me nyuam qaib yug los tsis muaj zog. Qhov piv ntawm oocyte loj rau lub cev qhov hnyav hauv cov tsiaj me feem ntau siab dua hauv hom loj. Nws ntseeg tau tias African ostrich nteg qe loj tshaj plaws. txheeb ze rau lub cev hnyav ntawm tus neeg sawv cev feathered, nws oocyte yog 1% ntawm lub cev hnyav. Tab sis qhov hnyav ntawm lub qe hummingbird yog 6% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus noog.
Qee yam qauv ntawm cov qe noog
Nyob hauv cov noog nyob hauv roob roob, oocytes muaj "ribs", zoo li stiffeners. Lawv yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qe kom lawv tsis txhob tawg thaum cov noog tsaws hauv lub zes uas muaj thaj tsam me me. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, ntawm lwm yam, hais tias cov tav no muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov siab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 40 kg / sq. pom thiab sab qhov twg nws yogtsis muaj - tsis ntau tshaj 2 kg / sq. pom, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qe yog ntxhib lossis du, ci los yog matte. Cov xim tuaj yeem yog txhua yam: los ntawm dawb huv mus rau ntsuab thiab tsaus liab doog. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qe ntawm qee hom yog them nrog speckles, nyob rau hauv qee kis ua ib corolla nyob ib ncig ntawm blunt ntug. Cov xim yuav nyob ntawm daim duab thiab qhov chaw zes. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau secrets nteg qe thiab domestic noog, lub plhaub yog dawb. Rau cov neeg uas tawm ntawm lub clutch rau hauv av, cov xim yuav zoo ib yam li cov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig: nws sib txuas nrog cov pebbles lossis cov nroj tsuag rags uas kab lub zes. Lub qe tau txais nws cov xim txawm nyob rau hauv qhov yug ntawm tus poj niam. Yog li, piv txwv li, biliverdin (pigment) ua ke nrog zinc muab xim xiav lossis ntsuab rau saum npoo ntawm lub qe. Vim yog protoporphyrin, xim liab los yog xim av, los yog me ntsis ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tau txais. Tom ntej no, cia peb saib ze dua ntawm cov qauv sab hauv ntawm tus noog lub qe.
Oocyte device
Tus qauv ntawm tus noog lub qe sib haum rau lub hom phiaj. Nws muaj txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug hluas kab mob. Lub embryo nyob rau hauv lub qe yog nourished los ntawm compounds pom nyob rau hauv lub yolk. Qhov loj no tau nthuav tawm hauv ob hom - dawb thiab daj. Lawv tau teem rau hauv concentric alternating txheej. Lub yolk yog nyob rau hauv ib tug vitellin membrane. Nws yog surrounded los ntawm cov protein. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub plhaub, cov qe noog ua haujlwm rau kev noj haus. Protein, ntxiv rau, muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob tshiab los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub plhaub. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm oocyte nws tus kheej yog ib puag ncig los ntawm obplhaub txheej: sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov noog lub qe, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los hais ob peb lo lus hais txog lub plhaub nws tus kheej. Nws muaj feem ntau ntawm calcium carbonate. Nyob rau ntawm ntug ntug ntawm oocyte tom qab tso, ib chav cua maj mam tsim.
yolk
Xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov noog lub qe, daim duab uas tau muab hauv qab no, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias deutoplasm (yolk) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus sab hauv ntawm oocyte. Lub qe loj muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog uas muab kev noj haus thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Deutoplasm pom nyob rau hauv lub qe tsis tsuas yog ntawm cov noog, tab sis kuj ntawm lwm yam tsiaj (thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg) thiab yog ib tug tsub zuj zuj ntawm daim hlau los yog nplej, merging nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub mus rau ib tug nruam loj. Tus nqi ntawm yolk, nrog rau nws qhov kev faib tawm, tuaj yeem sib txawv. Nrog ib qho me me ntawm deutoplasm, nplej los yog daim hlau raug faib sib npaug ntawm cytoplasm. Hauv qhov no, ib tug hais txog "isolecithal" qe. Nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm yolk, lub Cheebtsam accumulate nyob rau hauv lub central cheeb tsam ntawm lub cytoplasm - nyob ze ntawm lub nucleus los yog nyob rau hauv lub vegetative ib feem ntawm lub oocyte. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lawv hais txog centrolecithal, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - telolecithal qe. Raws li qhov ntim thiab qib ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov yolk loj, hom crushing ntawm oocytes kuj tsim. Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov qe noog muab rau peb hom deutoplasm. Lub qe tuaj yeem yog carbohydrate, rog lossis protein. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov neeg, cov yolk Cheebtsam muaj xws li, ntxiv rau cov tebchaw, ntxhiatshuaj, pigments, ribonucleic acid, yog li muaj ib tug complex chemical qauv. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv cov nqaij qaib oocyte uas tau ua tiav nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov qe muaj 23% cov roj nruab nrab, 16% cov protein, 1.5% roj cholesterol, 11% phospholipids, thiab 3% cov ntxhia. Cov organelles sib txawv tau koom nrog hauv kev sib sau thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov yolk tivthaiv: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex. Synthesis ntawm protein tivthaiv ntawm yolk qauv nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsiaj tshwm sim sab nraum lub zes qe menyuam. Los ntawm pinocytosis, cov protein tivthaiv nkag mus rau lub qe tsim.
Lwm yam ntawm cov qauv oocyte
Txhua lub plhaub tiv thaiv kev sib kis, ziab tawm thiab ua rau lub qe puas. Tab sis lawv tsis muab qhov tsim nyog noo noo rau cov kab mob loj hlob. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov kabmob ntxiv-embryonic. Tshwj xeeb, lawv suav nrog dej (lossis amniotic) daim nyias nyias. Vim nws, amnion kab noj hniav yog txwv, uas yog muaj cov kua, qhov twg, qhov tseeb, lub cev tsim. Ua ke nrog dej, ob txheej ntxiv yog tsim: vascular thiab serous (los yog allantois). Nyob rau hauv cov noog thiab cov tsiaj reptiles, txheej no yog lub cev ntawm excretion thiab ua pa. Los ntawm lub qe mus rau blunt thiab ntse npoo ntawm lub qe, chalase tawm - protein twisted ntom strands. Lawv muab qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm cov tub ntxhais, tiv thaiv kev txav ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Shell
Kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cov noog lub qe, ib tug yuav tsum nyob hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov txheej puag ncig lub nucleus. Cov txheej txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws yog lub plhaub. Nws yog tuab heev thiabua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg kho tshuab thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud. Hauv qab lub plhaub muaj lub plhaub membranes. Thaum kawg, lawv diverge thiab tsim ib tug huab cua chamber. Nws muaj cov pa oxygen, uas tsim nyog rau kev ua pa ntawm lub cev tshiab.
Trophic oocytes
Muaj ib hom qe ua zaub mov rau cov xeeb ntxwv hauv lub clutch. Raws li txoj cai, lawv yog unfertilized, thiab lawv cov tsos xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov zoo tib yam. Lawv tau pw los ntawm cov poj niam ntawm qee tus ntsaum thiab termite poj huab tais kom txog rau thaum lub colony pib tau zaub mov txaus. Qee zaum, oocytes unfertilized ntawm nqaij-qe thiab qe qaib qe kuj yuam kev hu ua trophic sawv daws yuav, vim lawv siv rau cov zaub mov tsis yog los ntawm cov noog lawv tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm tib neeg thiab qee zaum tsiaj nyeg.
