Russia yog lus nplua nuj thiab nthuav heev. Thiab koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov no koj tus kheej yog tias koj sim xaiv ib qho epithet rau ib qho tshwj xeeb, npe. Tom qab tag nrho, yuav muaj txog kaum, ib puas, thiab nyob rau hauv tej zaum txawm ntau lo lus! Lwm hom lus twg tuaj yeem khav tau ntau haiv neeg?!
Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws nyuaj heev kom nco ntsoov qhov tseeb epithet. Thiab qhov no ua rau nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem, piv txwv li, sau ntawv, paj huam lossis ib tsab xov xwm hauv kev sau xov xwm. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no, peb yuav nthuav qhia epithets rau lo lus "qhov muag". Uas tuaj yeem sau tau ntau yam.
Yuav ua li cas yog lub epithet?
Ua ntej yuav mus rau kev nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm tam sim no, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab tias dab tsi nyob tom qab lub npe txawv txawv "epithet". Raws li phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus sau, lo lus no yuav tsum to taub raws li lub ntsiab lus uas yog siv los qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho kev kawm uas tseem ceeb rau ib rooj plaub, thiab tso cai rau tus nyeem lossis cov mloog kom hnov qhov no, nthuav tawm, nkag siab. qhov kev kawm nyob rau hauv nws artistic thiab figurative txoj kev.txhais. Ntawd yog, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm epithets yog hais txog qhov tseem ceeb nuances ntawm cov khoom lossis cov xwm txheej nrog ib lo lus, thiab tsis yog lub suab, thiab yog li sau cov kab lus nrog kev xav. Yog vim li cas lawv thiaj siv sau ntau zaus.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov ntseeg tias tsuas yog ib qho adjective tuaj yeem ua raws li kev hais lus. Qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus. Piv txwv li: qhov muag dub - lub epithet yog qhia los ntawm ib tug adjective; Niam Volga - npe; blossomed sai - adverb; Kuv, spellbound - kev sib raug zoo; ua si nkaum-thiab-nrhiav, cov me nyuam tsis nco qab txog lub sijhawm - adverbial turnover. Koj tuaj yeem sau tau ntev, vim peb hais, sau, hnov lossis nyeem cov kab lus yam tsis tau xav txog kev txheeb xyuas lawv cov tswv cuab. Nyob rau hauv uas peb ib zaug xyaum nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum peb tsis pom qhov twg ntawm kev hais lus ua raws li kev hais lus.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab no txhais tau tias nyuaj rau kev hais lus. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv los yog sau ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub hais lus. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav qhia tias ib tug neeg muaj kev qaug zog ntau dhau ntawm tus cwj pwm, peb hais txog nws zoo li no: ib tug quaj, ib tug rag, ib tug whiner, ib tug qw, ib tug qaug zog, ib tug pitful, insignificant, dissolute nais maum, ib tug sissy, etc.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ib qho epithet thiab ib qho piv txwv?
Hauv cov ntawv nyeem, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si pom. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum nws nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab seb qhov no lossis kab lus ntawd yog dab tsi. Piv txwv li, peb coob leej tau hnov, nyeem lossis hais cov kab lus "lub qhov muag iav" peb tus kheej. Puas yog ib qho epithet lossis piv txwv, peb puas tau xavlos yog? Zoo li lo lus "iav" teb lo lus nug "dab tsi". Yog li ntawd peb muaj ib tug epithet. Tab sis qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem ua iav thaum nws los txog ntawm lub cev tiag tiag.
Qhov tseeb, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho epithet thiab ib qho piv txwv. Thiab yog tias koj delve rau hauv cov lus nug thiab sim nkag siab nws, nws yuav pom tseeb. Ua ntej, ib qho epithet yog ib lo lus ntxiv (los yog pab pawg ntawm cov lus), feem ntau qhia los ntawm ib qho adjective, uas koom nrog lub ntsiab thiab qhia nws qhov zoo, nta, nta lossis cov khoom. Qhov thib ob, lub epithet tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntawm nws tus kheej, nws yuav yog ib qho kev thov. Ib qho piv txwv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ob lossis ntau lo lus. Ib feem ntawm nws ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus los yog lub ntsiab lus, thiab lwm yam - nyob rau hauv ib tug piv txwv. Lub tom kawg hloov cov duab ntawm ib yam khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim mus rau lwm qhov. Yog li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua piv txwv yog ua kom muaj kev koom tes hauv tib neeg ntawm ob yam sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv txwv li yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Thiab txawm tias ib qho epithet tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv nws qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tab sis tsis muaj ib qho piv txwv yuav yog ib feem ntawm ib qho epithet.
Yog vim li cas, thaum nws los txog rau lub qhov muag uas yog ua los ntawm iav tiag tiag (tus menyuam roj hmab, khoom ua si lossis tib neeg lub qhov muag prostheses), lo lus "iav" tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho epithet. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum khoob, tsis muaj kev xav, tsis qhia thiab tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub zeem muag yog txhais tau tias, cov lus qhia ruaj khov "iav qhov muag" yog ib qho piv txwv.
Yog li, lo lus "iav ob lub qhov muag" yog ob qho tib si epithet thiab piv txwv. Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Ntse ntawm cov xim ntawm iris
Yeej, thaum peb pom lossis xav txog qhov no lossis qhov khoom ntawd, tshwm sim, peb nco txog nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Thaum nws los txog rau lub qhov muag, peb xub them sai sai rau cov xim ntawm iris. Thiab yog li ntawd, peb ib leeg tawm cov lus hauv qab no:
- blue;
- blue;
- green;
- xim av;
- xim av;
- dub;
- grey;
- grey-xiav;
- xiav-dub;
- ntsuab xiav (ntsuab, xim av, xiav).
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov muag thiab qhov loj me
Lub cim tom ntej, uas tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lo lus "qhov muag", yog ib qho epithet uas piav txog cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag. Ntawm cov no, feem ntau siv yog:
- loj;
- ncig;
- narrow;
- oblique lossis oblique;
- sunken;
- squinted;
- qhib;
- small;
- sunken;
- ib nrab npog;
- wide;
- squinted;
- loj;
- oblong;
- convex;
- dub-set;
- huge.
Metaphorical epithets piav qhov muag xim
Ntau zaus peb tham txog lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag yam tsis tau taw qhia ncaj qha rau lawv cov yam ntxwv, tab sis tsuas yog qhia lossis hinting. Txoj kev no feem ntau siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis qee zaum txawm nyob rau hauv kev hais lus sib tham peb tsuas yog siv cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Feem ntau, thaum peb xav tsis tau tsuas yog taw qhia cov xim, cov duab lossis qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag, tab sis qhia peb cov koom haum uas tau tshwm sim.thaum saib lawv. Yog li, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv, piav qhia qhov muag ntsuab, lub epithet "emerald". Yog li hais txog qhov ci ntsa iab lossis ntxoov ntxoo ntawm iris. Los ntawm tib txoj ntsiab cai, nws yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus hauv qab no rau lub npe "qhov muag":
- marsh;
- nutty;
- amber;
- agate;
- pearl;
- kub;
- lilac;
- xim hlau, whiskey, hlawv qab zib, tshauv;
- cornflower xiav;
- coffee;
- olive;
- azure;
- carnelian;
- sapphire;
- chocolate;
- smoky;
- ultramarine;
- bottle;
- pum;
- prune;
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws.
Metaphorical epithets piav txog cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag
Tseem muaj cov xwm txheej thaum peb siv zog los qhia qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ib qho khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim nrog lwm tus. Piv txwv li, thaum tham txog cov duab lossis qhov loj ntawm lub qhov muag, peb tuaj yeem siv cov lus hauv qab no:
- almond-zoo li tus;
- biblical;
- iconic;
- pubillary;
- failed;
- puppet;
- Tatar;
- Mongolian;
- Circassian;
- qhib;
- Basedows.
Ntxhais ua ib txoj hauv kev nthuav tawm lub cev lub cev ntawm lub qhov muag
Peb txhua tus paub tias tib neeg feem ntau mob lossis tsis xis nyob. Thiab txij li lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag kuj yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg lub cev, koj tuaj yeem khaws cov cim tsim nyog rau lawv. Piv txwv li, yog koj yuav tsum qhiahais txog lub xeev ntawm qhov muag kev noj qab haus huv, cov epithets nram qab no haum:
- kev pom deb;
- bloody;
- red or flushed;
- o los yog o;
- mob;
- wet;
- poor-poor;
- myopic;
- tug;
- sawv;
- faded;
- mob;
- kua muag;
- drowsy;
- sleepy;
- sua tsaug.
Ntxhais lus qhia qhov xwm txheej
Muaj kev txiav txim tias lub qhov muag yog daim iav ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Tias yog vim li cas hauv phau ntawv koj tuaj yeem pom ntau npaum li cas cov kws sau ntawv, piav qhia qhov zoo ntawm tus phab ej, qhia nws lub siab lub ntsws. Lawv ua li cas nws tsis yooj yim rau twv. Nws yog txaus los xav txog dab tsi qhov muag yuav ua tau. Tenacious thiab zoo- aimed yog cov epithets uas feem ntau cov neeg xub los rau hauv siab. Tab sis tseem muaj lwm tus dua lawv:
- khiav;
- kua;
- tug;
- velvet;
- fast;
- tawm;
- glossy;
- gelatinous;
- qaug cawv los yog lub ntsiab lus;
- tsis muaj qab;
- nruj;
- shrill;
- sparkling;
- dim;
- npliag lossis npliag;
- mirror;
- shiny;
- burning;
- wild;
- clean;
- meej;
- pab;
- sparkling;
- tsis khov;
- tawg;
- icy;
- faded;
- zoo;
- downcast;
- glazed lossis iav;
- extinguished;
- extinct;
- cold;
- staring;
- feverish;
- frozen;
- fiery;
- shiny;
- fixed;
- cloudy;
- radiant;
- tuag;
- buttered;
- ntse;
- hot;
- bloodshot;
- zoo siab;
- xav;
- lifeless.
-
Kev qhia txog lub xeev, kev xav, tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg
Ntxiv rau cov cim saum toj no, muaj lwm yam. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau yam adjectives thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus uas tso cai rau koj los qhia lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus phab ej, tus cwj pwm, lossis tus neeg tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav hais tias tus neeg no coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, peb yuav nco ntsoov tias nws muaj lub ntsej muag khav theeb, tso siab rau tus kheej, boorish, qhov muag tsis ncaj ncees. Thiab lub epithet "xim av" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis txaus. Vim tias nws yuav tsis qhia peb tus neeg tham txog yam tsis muaj dab tsi txog tus cwj pwm lossis tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tus neeg. Nws yog vim li no tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv cov epithets zoo li no:
- twv txiaj;
- siab phem;
- squeamish;
- nug;
- khav;
- lunatic;
- prickly;
- detached;
- vwm;
- guilty;
- muaj zog;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- txaj muag lossis txaj muag;
- xav tsis xav;
- ncaj ncees;
- tug;
- false;
- greedy.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
Metaphorical epithets uas qhia qhov zoo ib yam ntawm tib neeg mus rau fauna
Txhawm rau cim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm tus neeg nrog tsiaj, noog lossis ntses, siv cov lus hauv qab no:
- lamb;
- yaj;
- hare;
- falcon, eagle or hawk;
- cow;
- deer;
- fish;
- hma;
- owl;
- hmoob;
- serpentine;
- veal;
- nas los yog nas;
- bullish;
- seals;
- feline;
- bulldog;
- dragonflies.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb feem ntau siv cov lus "poppy eyes" hauv kev hais lus. Lub epithet rau dub, xim av, ntsuab, los yog lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag ntawm ib tug txawv xim haum sib npaug. Tom qab tag nrho, nws qhia kev xav, tsis yog xim ntawm iris.
Ntxhais lus uas qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov muag rau lwm tus
Thaum tham txog qhov muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias peb txhais tau hais tias lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag ntawm tus neeg hlub lossis tus neeg hlub, peb siv zog los qhia cov cim qhia tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb. Li no ib tug xov tooj ntawm epithets rau lo lus "ob lub qhov muag" tshwm, qhia tsis tau tsuas yog hais txog kev zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj hais txog qhov xwm ntawm tej yam ntawm lub qhov muag rau peb. Piv txwv li, hauv kev sau ntawv, xws li hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub, peb feem ntau hais cov lus zoo li no:
- divine;
- devilish;
- angelic;
- muag;
- muag;
- ntxim nyiam;
- ntxim nyiam;
- kev hlub;
- muag;
- xov xwm;
- subordinates;
- depriving lub siab nyiam.
Tseem muaj coob tus neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb no. Tej zaum txhua tus paub txog qhov no - los ntawm me mus rau loj. Thiab txhua tus neeg muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb los yog qhov zoo, ib qho kev luag nyav lossis kev coj cwj pwm. Tias yog vim li cas lub epithet "ci ntsa iab" ob lub qhov muag yog haum rau ib tug neeg. Qhov no yuav qhia nws txoj kev zoo siab thiab tus cwj pwm zoo. Thiab lwm yam, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov lus "sad." Tom qab tag nrho, peb txhua tus sib txawv, thiab peb txhua tus tshwj xeeb ntawm peb tus kheej.
