Ntau thiab ntau lub nceeg vaj ntawm nceb. Raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij, tus naj npawb ntawm hom kab mob no txawv ntawm 100 txhiab mus rau ib thiab ib nrab lab. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog txhua qhov tshawb pom los ntawm kev tshawb fawb! Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog hu ua mycology thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov ceg ntawm botany, vim hais tias rau ib ntev lub sij hawm cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau tias nceb yog cov nroj tsuag. Tab sis qhov no tau tshwm sim tsis muaj tseeb. Cov nceb muaj cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, uas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ob qho tib si. Yog vim li cas botanists tau txheeb xyuas lawv ua ib lub nceeg vaj sib cais hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Kev faib tawm
Raws li kev faib tawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nceb tau muab faib ua siab dua thiab qis dua. Cov kab mob siab dua suav nrog ntau cov kab mob thiab qee cov kab mob unicellular (piv txwv li, poov xab, uas, raws li microbiologists, yog thib ob unicellular). Tab sis hnub no peb yuav tsis tham txog lawv. chav kawm qisfungi (ntau dua precisely, muaj ob peb ntawm lawv: raws li ntau yam kev faib tawm - los ntawm peb mus rau rau) suav nrog tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm fungi, tshwj tsis yog rau ascomycetes, basidiomycetes thiab deuteromycetes. Thiab nws muaj ntau tus neeg sawv cev, sib txawv heev ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv tsos thiab functions.
Tus sawv cev ntawm cov nceb qis
Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog dab tsi, nyob ib puag ncig lawv tuaj yeem koom ua ke raws li qee qhov nta? Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev vegetative - mycelium, uas tsis muaj partitions, ib tug unicellular qauv. Qee lub sij hawm cov kab mob no tsis tsim hyphae kiag li, tab sis hloov plasmodium tshwm sim: ib lub cytoplasm nrog ntau cov nuclei. Lawv muaj tsawg dua kev sib deev zoo meej (hauv qhov sib piv rau cov neeg siab dua, uas muaj peev xwm yug me nyuam asexually thiab). Raws li qee qhov kev faib tawm, cov kab mob qis muaj xws li: chytridiomycetes, oomycetes, zygomycetes. Lwm qhov kev faib ua tau.
Cured Tribe
Cov nceb qis kuj suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig, tab sis ntau yam ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Fungi yog qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Lawv cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, qhov muag thiab cov kab mob ua pa. Ib txhia provoke zaub mov lom thiab txawm tuag. Txog 200 hom fungi cuam tshuam rau cov phau ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawv. Qee qhov pub rau cereals, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov kab mob hauv qab no suav nrog cov uas kis tau cov tsev ntoo thiab cov ntoo railway ntoo pw, thiab cov uas ua rau cov hlau corrosion. Tsis xav tias Fabkis botanist Veyant hu cov nocov neeg sawv cev ntawm "damned pab pawg neeg". Nws txawm ntseeg tias cov nceb qis ua rau txhob txwm ua txhaum txoj kev sib raug zoo uas twb muaj lawm.
pwm dawb (los yog mukor)
Tus sawv cev ntawm cov nceb qis no feem ntau tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhob cij, hmoov nplej, yob thiab zaub. Nyob ntawd peb qee zaum saib nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dawb fluffy txheej, uas blackens nrog lub sij hawm. Lub mycelium nws tus kheej - mycelium ntawm mucor - muaj ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm threads, dawb thiab tsis muaj xim (li no lub npe nrov ntawm cov qis fungus). Lub mycelium yog ib lub cell overgrown nrog ntau nuclei nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Txoj kev ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm mucor yog spore. Qee qhov filaments ntawm mycelium nthuav dav ntawm cov lus qhia, tsim cov taub hau dub (thaum tseem tshuav ib lub xov tooj). Spores tsim rau lawv, ripening thiab crumbling. Ces lawv thiaj raug cua tshuab. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo, dawb pwm spores tsim ib tug tshiab mycelium. Interestingly, mukor ua mob tsuas yog tib neeg, ua rau cov zaub mov lwj. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, nws ua lub luag haujlwm zoo: nws pab kom decompose cov seem ntawm cov kab mob tuag.
Lwm "qis" kab tsuag
Ib txhia yam kab mob phem kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob qis. Phytophthora cuam tshuam cov qos yaj ywm thiab txiv lws suav, ua rau blackening ntawm saum thiab tubers. Synchitrium excites mob qog noj ntshav ntawm qos tubers. Olpidium cabbage, nrov hu ua "dub ceg", ua rau blackening ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Thiab cov kab mob kis tau los ntawm Asmeskas, Plasmopara Viticol, ua rau cov vaj txiv hmab hauv Tebchaws Europe ua rau puas tsuaj.
