Adverbs ua ib feem ntawm cov lus Lavxias, thiab hauv peb cov lus lawv tshwm sim ntau zaus. Tab sis koj puas paub tias adverbs muaj ntau pawg? Thiab tsuas yog ib tus ntawm lawv teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas?", uas yog, adverbs ntawm hom kev ua. Tsis paub? Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum rov kho koj qhov kev paub ntawm lub ncauj lus no me ntsis.
Nkauj hais lus
Ua ntej koj paub tias dab tsi yog adverb, koj yuav tsum tau paub txog txhua feem ntawm kev hais lus. Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog lub ntsiab grammatical pawg ntawm cov lus. Lawv tau muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb: kev pabcuam thiab kev ywj pheej, tab sis kuj muaj ib pab pawg thib peb, uas suav nrog kev cuam tshuam thiab onomatopoeia. Cov neeg ywj pheej tau txais lub npe no vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj cov lus ntxiv, thiab cov kev pabcuam ntawm kev hais lus yuav tsum muaj cov lus uas lawv xa mus rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus thiab cov kev pabcuam yog qhov uas lawv tau hais meej meej thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas cov kab lus los ntawm cov tswv cuab.
Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus yog cov npe, adjectives, verbs thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm participles thiab participles, numerals, pronouns, adverbs thiab qeb ntawm lub xeev, uas ib co xav tias predicative adverbs thiab tsis txawv raws li ib tug cais ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Cov khoom siv ntawm kev hais lus: conjunctions, prepositions, particles.
Adverb
Ib qho lus qhia yog ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus (raws li tau hais ua ntej), uas yog lub cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, vim nws tsis muaj qhov xaus. Hauv kab lus, nws yog ib qho xwm txheej lossis, tsis tshua muaj, ib qho piv txwv. Adverbs tuaj yeem muab faib ua rau pawg uas teb cov lus nug sib txawv thiab muaj cov lus sib txawv.
Qib ntawm adverbs thiab cov lus nug lawv teb:
- hom kev nqis tes ua (yuav ua li cas?);
- qhov chaw (qhov twg? qhov twg? qhov twg?);
- sijhawm (thaum twg? ntev npaum li cas?);
- ntsuas thiab ntsuas (rau qhov twg? pes tsawg zaus? ntau npaum li cas?);
- vim (vim yog vim li cas? vim li cas?);
- goals (rau dab tsi? rau lub hom phiaj twg?).
lus qhuab qhia
qeb no nug cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas?" thiab "yuav ua li cas?". Feem ntau, adverbs ntawm hom kev txiav txim hais txog cov lus qhia lossis cov lus qhia (cov koom ua ke, koom nrog thiab cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg), thiab cov lus qhia ntawm kev sib piv thiab assimilation kuj yog cov pab pawg no. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog qhia raws nraim li cas qhov kev txiav txim tau ua. Cov adverbs no tsis conjugate los yog poob vim lawv tsis muaj inflection. Qhov feem ntau cov lus xaus rauntawm pawg no yog -o-, kuj yog rau kev tsim ntawm adverbs ntawm pawg no, confixes (paired affixes) feem ntau siv in-_-nws/ohm, in-_ski/tski/uas. Piv txwv ntawm adverbs ntawm yam: yog li, ceev, phooj ywg, girlish, txawv, lom zem.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov lus tshaj tawm (qeb ntawm lub xeev) thiab cov lus teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas?". Piv txwv li, "kev lom zem ua si" thiab "Kuv muaj kev lom zem." Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, "kev lom zem" yog ib tug adverb ntawm yam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, ib qeb ntawm lub xeev. Txhawm rau zam qhov kev ua yuam kev no, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias cov lus qhia uas muaj peev xwm ua tau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov lus qhia ntawm hom kev txiav txim yog nyob ntawm qhov predicate thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv kab lus.
Zaj lus no yuav tsum pab koj teb tag nrho koj cov lus nug txog cov lus hais ua lus Lavxias.
