Kev tsim kom raug ntawm qhov thesis yog ib nrab ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog thaum cov txiaj ntsig yav tom ntej tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv luv luv thiab nthuav tawm rau tus thawj tswj hwm thiab cov neeg tshuaj xyuas ua ntej. Yog tias cov qauv tsim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem sib txawv rau yav tom ntej daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog kev ntseeg ntawm qhov tshiab, qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev vam meej yog lav.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau qhia tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm thesis thiab qhia cov theem ntawm kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov neeg ua ntej, tab sis nws tseem ceeb sib npaug rau kev teeb tsa kom raug thiab ua tau zoo. ua haujlwm.
Kev tsim qauv dav dav
Txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj nws tus kheej cov kev cai rau kev tsim cov ntawv no, tab sis nws yuav tsis yog superfluous mus saib cov uas muaj GOSTs. GOST 7.32-2001 feem ntau yog pom zoo, uas, nrog enviable stability, tuav nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv relation mus rau ib tug txheej ntawm cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev tsim ntawm kev tshawb fawb.ua haujlwm.
Classic cov cai: cov ntawv dub, tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous, ib thiab ib nrab qhov sib nrug, font loj 14, kab lus indent 1.25 cm, tsis muaj kev ua si ntawm xim thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo. Txhua yam yog nruj, meej, meej. Margins 3cm sab laug, 1cm txoj cai thiab 2cm saum / hauv qab.
Txhim rau qhov dav ntawm txhua kab lus yog suav tias yog tus qauv, tab sis feem ntau txoj cai no yuav tsum tau qhia meej. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ntseeg tias qhov tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua. Muaj ib txwm ua piv txwv ntawm kev tsim thesis hauv txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab nws yuav tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov kev xaiv.
Ua ntej pib tsim qauv, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm, mus saib nws lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab saib kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav yav dhau los hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tw, phau ntawv sau, cov ntawv sau, cov duab kos, kab lus, cov ntsiab lus, etc.
Qhov thesis raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm xyoo tas los tus tsim yuav tsis yog ib txwm lees tias yog qhov tseeb version, tab sis nws yuav cia koj nthuav tawm cov ntim, qauv thiab style ntawm kev sau ntawv, uas yog inertial thiab tsis hloov sai li sai tau. raws li qhia meej txog kev tsim qauv.
Siv cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws ua rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis tus qauv tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb ua raws li koj tus kheej alma mater - nws feem ntau muaj kev hwm tus kheej, uas zoo dua tsis txhob cam nrog.
ntsiab lus, taw qhia thiab paub daws teeb meem
Lub ntim ntawm cov thesis yog 50-70 A4 nplooj ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem sau 80-90 nplooj ntawv, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua kom khaws cia li qubtxheem. Koj tsis tuaj yeem sau tsawg dua 50 yog tias ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj lub siab xav ua tiav los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej.
"Abstract" tsis yog "qhia", tab sis nws yog 4-5 nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tab sis qhov tseeb heev ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim diploma. Qhov tseeb, "kev taw qhia" qhia txog txhua yam uas tus tub ntxhais kawm tau tshawb fawb thiab ua pov thawj hauv daim ntawv pov thawj, uas nws yuav tiv thaiv.
Lub "lub ntsiab lus" yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab hauv nws "kev taw qhia" nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev cai. "Cov Lus Qhia" ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj thiab hnub tim ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tej zaum yuav muaj cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus, xaiv txoj kev tshawb fawb, daws teeb meem.
Qhov xaus ntawm daim diploma yog kos los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tiav, tab sis "qhia" thiab "abstract" yuav tsum tau sau (tshwj xeeb) txhua lub sijhawm thaum ua haujlwm. Qhov thib ib yog qhov systematization ntawm cov kev cai uas nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus (xa mus rau kev tiv thaiv), qhov thib ob yog kev ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov qauv kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov zoo dua "tus kws sau ntawv paub daws teeb meem" tau teeb tsa hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, qhov kev tsis txaus siab tsawg yuav muaj txog qhov tshwm sim - daim ntawv pov thawj.
Kev tsim ua haujlwm
Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawg ntawm lub sijhawm kawm yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cov kev paub uas tau txais, muaj peev xwm los daws qhov haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej - qhia lub ntsiab lus.
Kev tso npe raws li GOST ntawm qhov thesis lossis cov qauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ci ntsa iab ntawm xyoo dhau los yog qhov tseem ceeb thiabtseem ceeb, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "tsim" yuav tsum tau pauv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov tshiab, qhov tseeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Setting cov margins kom raug, xaiv tus font tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv khoom (qhov chaw) kom raug. Muab cov lus tso rau hauv cov ntawv kom raug, tsim cov kab lus, cov rooj lossis cov duab kos yog qhov nyuaj dua. Cov ntsiab lus uas qhia txog tag nrho cov ncauj lus, subheadings thiab cov ntawv txuas ntxiv yog lub peev xwm los siv cov ntawv nyeem zoo lossis muaj lub siab ntev thiab ua siab ntev tsis txhob nco dab tsi.
Qhov tseeb, kev ua raws li GOST nruj thiab ua raws li cov kev cai rau kev tsim cov thesis ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov cai thiab cov cai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom raug "tsim lub ntsiab lus" ntawm qhov tshiab, qhov tseeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm.
nqe lus thiab lwm yam khoom.
Cia siab tias ib tus neeg yuav nyeem daim ntawv pov thawj kom mob siab rau thiab tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov kev ua tiav raws li GOST yog qhov tsis ntseeg, tab sis luv luv abstract yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txhua yam uas tuaj yeem nyeem tau sai thiab nkag siab lub ntsiab ntawm txoj haujlwm yuav raug ua tib zoo kawm.
Design ua haujlwm raws li GOST
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm GOST R 7.0.11.2011, uas teev cov kev cai rau cov qauv thiab cov cai. Kev npaj ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis nws yog qhov txaus los tsom mus rau cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm GOST 7.32-2001. Muab rau hauv tus account cov lus qhia methodological ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov piv txwv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm predecessor kawm tiav cov me nyuam kawm ntawv, nws yog heev txaus los ua qhov tseeb tsim syntactically thiab technically.
Kev tsim cov thesis los ntawm kev pom zoo tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yuav tsum tau ua. GOST 7.32-2001 hais tias "… tsim cov kev cai dav dav rau cov qauv thiab cov cai …", tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua raws li kev cai tsim thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm alma mater.
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj:
- nplooj ntawv;
- ua yeeb yam, thawj coj;
- qhia, lub cev thiab xaus;
- ntawv, qhov chaw, tus kheej tshaj tawm, cov ntsiab lus, cov ntawv luv;
- sau tus paub daws teeb meem (cov ntaub ntawv sib cais).
Nplooj ntawv yog ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, uas yuav tsum tau kos kom raug raws li cov lus qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav xyoo dhau los. Hauv ntu no, cov kev cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb dua GOST.
Lwm cov ntawv nyeem yog formatted raws li ib txwm. Cov ntaub ntawv yog luam tawm raws li ib txwm muaj nyob rau ntawm ib sab ntawm A4 daim ntawv, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus - A3. Cov npoo ntawm yam tsawg kawg 30 hli ntawm sab laug, yam tsawg 10 hli ntawm sab xis, thiab tsawg kawg yog 20 hli saum toj no thiab hauv qab yog siv. Txij li daim ntawv pov thawj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txiav thiab stitched nrog cov khoom zoo, ob peb millimeters tuaj yeem muab rau hauv cov npoo rau trimming ntug.
Tus font yog xim dub, loj 1.8 hli (ko taw hom tsis tsawg dua 12), tsis tso cai font loj,tab sis nws raug pom zoo kom siv lub peev xwm hauv computer los qhia txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, theorems, kev npaj.
Txoj Cai Kev Cai, tsis tau teev tseg, tab sis feem ntau lees txais
Kev tshem tawm, ntxuav dawb thiab kho kom raug tso cai tsuav yog tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis hauv lub computer hnub nyoog lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua. Ua ntej luam daim ntawv kawm tiav, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem cov ntawv nyeem thiab tshem tawm txhua qhov yuam kev, tsis raug thiab cov ntawv hloov pauv tau ntawm nplooj ntawv - yog tias koj xav tau nrawm dua ob peb nplooj ntawv.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg kho tshiab niaj hnub no, cov ntawv nyeem tuaj yeem "ceeb" ntawm nplooj ntawv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua tib zoo mloog cov lus piav qhia, rooj, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua nqe lus. Cov ncauj lus thiab subheadings tsis tas yuav tsum pib los ntawm nplooj ntawv tshiab, tab sis yog tias koj haum cov ntawv ntev rau cov nplooj ntawv, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov pom kev zoo.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav tsum pib thaum pib ntawm daim ntawv tshiab, thiab qhov kawg ntawm kab lus yuav tsum nyob tsawg kawg ib feem peb ntawm daim ntawv. Txoj cai tsis hais txog kev coj cwj pwm tsis nkag siab qhov xwm txheej thaum ib nrab kab lus lossis ob peb nqe lus nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv tom ntej. Yog vim li cas zoo sib xws, nws zoo dua rau ib nqe lus kom nthuav tawm cov kab tag nrho es tsis muaj ib lo lus ntawm kab kawg, thiab tseem phem dua ib nrab ntawm lo lus (tom qab so).
GOST ploj lawm, tab sis cov txheej txheem qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv rau kev tsim cov thesis tuaj yeem kho cov kab liab. Yog tias qhov no tsis yog, koj tuaj yeem tsom mus rau 1.25-1.5 cm font feem ntau yog siv Sijhawm, tsawg dua Arial. thaum ua haujlwm tiav,Piv txwv li, hauv programming, koj ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj Courier.
Raws li txoj cai dav dav, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab nws qhov kev nyiam ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm no. GOST tau muab tso ua ke thaum lub tshuab ntaus ntawv txiav txim siab, kev sib dhos tsis muaj lo lus nug, thiab hyphenations xav tsis thoob nrog lawv ntau haiv neeg.
Hais txog txoj cai dav dav: qhov sib nrug ntawm 1.5 kab, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee zaum koj tuaj yeem ua txhaum los ntawm kev nce / txo qhov sib nrug ntawm ob peb millimeters txhawm rau ua tiav qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv xa tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim txom qhov no, qee tus kws qhia ntawv mus tiv thaiv nrog tus kav. Muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov sib nrug thiab qhov loj me thiab cov npoo.
Tshaj tawm thiab qauv
Tseem ceeb triad ntawm cov ntawv tso rau hauv thesis:
- kev qhia;
- lub cev loj;
- xaus.
Kev sau ntawv dav dav: ua ntej, ua haujlwm tiav, kev taw qhia yog sau, kev paub daws teeb yog sau thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog tsim. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm, qhov xaus yog kos, thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev taw qhia thiab paub daws teeb meem tsim dynamically.
Cov peev txheej thiab cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus yog thawj theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tab sis rau nws txoj kev ua kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib cov lus qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog daim ntawv pov thawj xyoo dhau los.
Txoj cai rau kev tshaj tawm thesis raws li cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa tuaj yuav xav tau lawv tus kheej cov ntawv tshaj tawm, txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov peev txheej yuav tsum raug suav, uas yog, cov ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab tsis muab tso rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv.
Qee zaum nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab faib cov peev txheej rau hauv pab pawgsib xws rau tshooj, nqe lus thiab subheadings ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntu, kab lus thiab cov kab lus sib txuas pib nrog kab lus indent, raws li txoj cai dav dav - los ntawm daim ntawv tshiab. Ib daim ntawv teev npe, cov lus lossis cov duab piav qhia yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej los ntawm kab lus. Cov kab ntawv hauv lub cev yuav tsum xaus nrog ib nqe lus.
Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tabular
Kev tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm thesis tsis yog lub rooj. Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv kuj tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj. Ob qho tib si thawj thiab thib ob yog cov npe txuas nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim diploma.
Table, raws li txoj cai, yog cov ntaub ntawv digital uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb lossis kev soj ntsuam. Lub rooj tuaj yeem muaj cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm, cov rooj sab hauv lossis cov duab kos. Cov ntawv nyeem niaj hnub no tsis txwv qhov zes ntawm cov ntxhuav thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm formatting lawv cov hlwb, tab sis kev yooj yim thiab pom kev pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Qhov ntim ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov ntim ntawm tus kws kho mob kev tshaj tawm lossis cov ntawv sau los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav tshiab ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub atom lossis kev tshawb pom ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev txawj ntse, ua haujlwm tau zoo. zoo ib yam li ntuj. Daim ntawv kawm tiav yog daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev paub hauv kev nthuav tawm cov ncauj lus uas tau muab.
Cov lus yog lub sijhawm luv luv thiab qhia meej cov ntaub ntawv kom pom tseeb lossis sib piv, uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab lossis kev tshawb fawb. Txhua lub rooj yuav tsum ua tib yam nkaus.
GOST qhia tias lub rooj tau muab tso rau tom qab cov ntawv nyeem uas nws tau hais thawj zaug lossis nyob rau nplooj ntawv tom ntej. Lub rooj yuav muajlub npe, tab sis tus lej yuav tsum tau muab rau nws rau kev siv hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem kev qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntxaws.
Ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav pom
Kev tsim ua haujlwm zoo li zoo nkauj dua nrog cov duab kos. Tsis zoo li cov ntawv nyeem, kos duab, duab, duab, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua xim. Thaum pasting los ntawm lwm cov kev pab cuam, nws yog ntshaw kom hloov cov duab los ntawm vector hom (los yog hom ntawm lwm qhov kev pab cuam) mus rau hauv ib tug bitmap duab ntawm qhov xav tau loj, daws teeb meem thiab zoo.
Cov duab sib txawv me me qhia txog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev ua tiav ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj. Nws yog qhov zoo heev thaum qhov kev tsim tiav ntawm cov thesis cais cov duab ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb, los ntawm cov duab ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tus lej rau cov kev tshawb fawb no. Ib qho xim xim ntawm daim duab kos zoo li kev xyaum, tib hom kab ntawm cov duab rau cov kab ke zoo sib xws.
Daim duab axes thiab kev xaiv ntawm 2D thiab 3D cov ntaub ntawv qhia kuj tseem ceeb. Daim duab 3D ib txwm zoo li zoo nkauj dua, tab sis daim duab qhia yooj yim yuav pom tseeb dua. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov duab ib nrab, tab sis cov shading classic yuav tsis ua rau lub tswv yim zoo ntawm kev tsim cov haujlwm.
Cov duab muaj tus lej, thiab lawv lub npe muab tso rau hauv qab daim duab hauv qhov chaw. Raws li nrog cov ntxhuav, HEI cov lus qhia cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxig cov duab kos kom ntxaws.
Abstract and illustration
Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv koom nrog daim diploma nrog kev paub daws teeb, thiabdissertation nrog abstract. Lub npe tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, peb txhais tau tias tus sau cov hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib tug thesis, raws li ib tug piv txwv ntawm tsim thiab ua tiav cov hauj lwm. Lub caij tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev paub daws teeb meem yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj: tsuas yog cov ntawv no, thiab yog tias muaj, ces kuj yog lub hauv paus, yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nthuav tawm cov duab.
Tus qauv ntawm kev paub daws teeb meem yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab raug kos rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thesis.
Nws yog ib qho kev xyaum zoo los sau cov lus qhia thiab paub daws teeb meem ib ntus thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm thesis. Qhov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tas li tswj tus kheej thiab sau cov ntsiab lus tam sim no. Cov lus xaus yuav raug kos thaum kawg ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm, tab sis cov lus qhia thiab cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntsiab lus tam sim no thiab lub sijhawm los tham txog kev ua haujlwm nrog tus saib xyuas.
Cov duab piv txwv hauv nruab nrab tsis yog ib txwm ua raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, tab sis yog tias nws muaj peev xwm los cuam tshuam lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj graphically lossis tabularly, qhov no yog lub sijhawm zoo hauv kev paub daws teeb meem, nco txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv.
Tiv thaiv tsis tau nyeem daim ntawv kawm tiav, tab sis xya mus rau kaum peb feeb rau daim ntawv qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Ib qho kev piav qhia zoo hauv qhov kev paub daws teeb meem thiab ntawm qhov kev pab cuam pom (daim ntawv tshaj tawm, kev nthuav qhia) thaum lub sijhawm hais lus yuav tso cai rau cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus raug.
Cov ntsiab lus, cov cim thiab cov ntawv luv
Nws raug pom zoo los muab cov ntawv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov lus siv, sau tag nrho cov npe thiab cov ntawv luv. Hauv kev qhuab qhia, qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau siv xwb, tab sis kev siv tshwj xeeb tau teev tseg.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus kuj yog kev coj ua zoo, tab sis kev txo qis ob qho tib si yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Kev taw qhia los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv yog ib qho yuav tsum tau, tab sis tsis tsim nyog siv rau cov ntawv sau luv luv, cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntsiab lus yuav cuam tshuam rau tus nyeem ntawv tsim nyog, uas yog tus kws qhia paub txog.
Yog tias koj ua tiav cov kev cai ntawm cov lus qhia tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, thaum pib lossis xaus ntawm txoj haujlwm, yam tsis muaj kev qhia loj rau lawv los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm, qhov no yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem.
Applications
Kev tshawb fawb tsis tshua muaj yam tsis muaj kev piav qhia uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog cov ntawv tseem ceeb lossis lawv siv ua kom lub ntim thiab cuam tshuam cov xim. Tab sis, sai li sai tau cov lus piav qhia yog tsim nyog, lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv txuas ntxiv.
Cov ntawv txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem muaj cov duab kos thiab cov duab, cov npe ntawm cov kev pabcuam uas tsis tsim nyog muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb: lawv cuam tshuam lossis nyuaj dhau, lossis mus dhau qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev nthuav qhia.
Nws yog kev cai xa mus rau cov ntawv txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb, siv cov lus taw qhia hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv rau cov lus luv luv thiab tsis txhob mloog tshwj xeeb rau lawv hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
txoj cai dav dav rau daim ntawv thov. Yog tias xav tau ib yam dab tsi, cia nws ua, tab sis hauv qhov luv luv luv nrog cov lus piav qhia txaus hauv cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Ib qho kev kawm tiav yog qhov xaus nrog cov lus xaus kawg thiab tshaj tawm txog qhov ua tiav thiab qhov kawg version ntawm qhov kev taw qhia, uas cov hauv qab no yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem systematictiv thaiv clauses.
Lub ncauj lus tau nthuav tawm, cov lus xaus tau ua tiav, cov lus qhia tau ua tiav thiab ua lub hauv paus rau kev qhia meej txog kev paub daws teeb meem thiab sau ntawv.
Qhov kawg ntawm kev tshawb fawb thesis - ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua hauv kev sau ntawv, tab sis qhia qhov ncauj. Rov ua dua cov ntsiab lus hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li qhov taw qhia: lawv cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua hauv cov lus qhia thiab paub daws teeb meem tsis muaj teeb meem yuav tso cai rau koj hais lus rau pawg thawj coj yam tsis tau saib daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
tiv thaiv thiab ua tiav
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua kom tiav thiab muab cov ntawv thesis zoo. Nov yog kev mob siab ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab raug.
Feem ntau nws tsis yog qhov txaj muag uas tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj yuav ua tib zoo nyeem cov haujlwm ntawm ob peb lub hlis ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, nws txaus siab txaus los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov ncauj lus qhia tau muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cursory glance ntawm daim diploma tsis tau ua qhov ua ntej rau kev tsis txaus siab txog kev tsim, tab sis tau los ua tus qauv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav yav tom ntej.
