Muaj tseeb tiag, koj tau pom ntau zaus hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tus phab ej tau kos npe nrog nws lub npe lossis lub xeem thiab cov ntawv sau txawv txawv - PhD. Tib lub sijhawm, tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb feem ntau yuav ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm qib siab. Los yog tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb fawb, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tau txais lub npe zoo li no. Tab sis txhais li cas?
PhD - yog dab tsi?
PhD yog ib daim ntawv kawm tiav uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Txoj Cai, thiab txhais tau tias "Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Philosophy". PhD (feem ntau hais tias PAHD) yog ib qho kev kawm tiav nyob rau sab hnub poob, nrog rau qee lub tebchaws ntawm yav dhau los USSR, tshwj xeeb hauv Kazakhstan thiab Ukraine.
Nco ntsoov, qhov kev kawm no tau txais txiaj ntsig rau kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb tsis yog hauv kev kawm ntawm kev xav, tab sis kuj nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem khwv tau Ph. D. hauv cov ntawv nyeem lossis chemistry. Tau txais PhD degree yog theem kawg ntawm kev kawm.
Tseem muaj ntau yam PhD hu ua Sc. D. Lub npe no yog deciphered li "Doctor of Science" los yog Doctor of Science. Qhov kev kawm no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tiav hauv qee yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov noregalia yog sib npaug rau PhD, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qib.
History of PhD
Thawj qhov hais txog ntawm qhov kev kawm no muaj nyob hauv Fabkis, Ltalis thiab UK. Lawv yog hnub tim XII-XIII centuries. Nyob rau hauv medieval universities, muaj ib tug qauv qauv, uas txhais tau hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj plaub faculties: philosophy, jurisprudence, theology thiab tshuaj. Peb ntawm plaub qhov kev tsim nyog tau txais kev kawm tiav qib siab hauv qab no: kawm tiav ntawm Kws Lij Choj ntawm Txoj Cai - Kws Kho Mob, Kws Kho Mob - Kws Kho Mob, Kev Ntseeg - Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Ntseeg. Tag nrho lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais Ph. D. Yog li tam sim no tau tshwm sim tam sim no.
Npaj rau kev kawm
Ua ntej koj tuaj yeem sim kom tau PhD, koj yuav tsum ua tiav qib Master thiab dhau los ua tus master's degree hauv qee qhov kev tshawb fawb. Tom qab kov yeej cov theem no, koj tuaj yeem sim koj txhais tes ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kws kho mob hais tawm.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias PhD degree yog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj rau ntau xyoo. Koj yuav tau kawm lub ntsiab lus xaiv ntawm koj tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv ib qho uas tsis tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm koj cov phooj ywg. Thaum koj tab tom tshawb nrhiav koj lub ncauj lus uas koj xaiv, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav kev pab los ntawm koj tus kws pab tswv yim kev kawm lossis lwm tus kws tshaj lij los pab koj taug qab cov kev cov nyom uas tuaj rau koj txoj hauv kev kom tau txais koj cov qib siab.
Tau txais PhD degree
Yog li, kom tau PhD lossis PhD, koj yuav tsum tau sau daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws txog cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj lub ncauj lus xaiv. Tom qab koj tau paub txog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem pib sau cov ntawv pov thawj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj, zoo li lwm tus kws sau ntawv PhD, yuav tsum tau ua koj tus kheej kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub ncauj lus no, xam phaj cov neeg siv thiab cov neeg nyob hauv koj thaj chaw, sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum muab koj tus kheej cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub ncauj lus uas koj xaiv. Ib tsab ntawv thesis yog ib nqe lus uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj txoj haujlwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm thaum pib thiab xaus ntawm cov kws kho mob cov ntawv pov thawj. Tom qab koj tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv no, nthuav tawm rau koj tus thawj saib xyuas, koj tuaj yeem pib sau cov ntawv pov thawj nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kos nws txoj kev npaj, uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Yog li, cov lus tshaj tawm tau sau tseg, nws tseem yuav sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb rau cov kws tshaj lij. Koj yuav raug xa mus rau ib hnub tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam. Yog tias txhua yam mus zoo, koj yuav dhau los ua PhD.
theem ntawm kev sau cov kws kho mob thesis rau PhD degree
Thawj theem yog pib ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project. Lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm tus thawj saib xyuas, cov ncauj lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ib txoj kev npaj ua hauj lwm raug teeb tsa. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau theem no yog xaivcov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus koj yuav ua haujlwm ntev li ntawd.
Tseem qhov ntes tau yog tias koj yuav tsum tau los nrog qee yam uas cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau ua. Hauv lwm lo lus, nrhiav ib lub ntsiab lus uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb. Koj yuav tsum dhau los ua "pioneer" hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Npaj rau qhov tseeb tias koj yuav tau tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau lub sijhawm ntev, tsim cov haujlwm, delve rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv.
Thaum kawg ntawm thawj xyoo, koj tuaj yeem hloov kho koj tus master's thesis. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim yog tias koj thawj zaug npaj kom tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab, tab sis tam sim no txiav txim siab kom tau txais PhD txoj cai. Tab sis rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj. Yog tias koj muab qhov ua tiav ntawm koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, koj yuav raug xa mus rau PhD cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Nyob rau xyoo ob, koj yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau kev kawm nws tus kheej. Lub sijhawm no, tag nrho koj cov kev tshawb fawb, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muab cov txiaj ntsig. Thov kev pab los ntawm koj tus thawj saib xyuas, nws yuav tsum pab koj daws txhua yam teeb meem uas koj yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua kom tiav daim ntawv pov thawj. Lub sijhawm no, koj tau tshwm sim los ua tus kws tshawb fawb, thiab tsim nyog tsim nyog lub npe ntawm PhD kev tshawb fawb (tus kws tshawb fawb). Xyoo thib ob ntawm kev sau ntawv ua haujlwm yog apotheosis ntawm koj cov haujlwm tshawb fawb, tam sim no koj yuav tsum nrhiav ntau cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv raws li yuav txaus rau ntau yam haujlwm zoo li koj li.
Nyob rau xyoo peb ntawm kev sau cov haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom raug thiab muaj peev xwm npaj cov haujlwm tiav, tshawb xyuas cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv kev ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov lus hauv qab thiab cov ntawv sau. Ntawm txhua tusNyob rau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nco ntsoov qhia qhov koj tau txais rau koj tus thawj saib xyuas. Nws yuav taw qhia qhov ua yuam kev hauv koj txoj haujlwm, muab kev kho rau koj uas koj yuav tsum ua rau koj txoj haujlwm raws sijhawm.
Tam sim no koj paub tias PhD yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj tab sis tau txais txiaj ntsig. Peb vam tias kev nyuaj yuav tsis ua rau koj ntshai.
A PhD degree hauv tebchaws Russia sib raug rau tus kws kho mob lossis PhD degree?
Kev xav txawv ntawm qhov no. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis muaj ib lo lus tseeb ntawm no regalia. Tab sis nws paub tias tus neeg sib tw qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Russia muaj nqis qis dua ua haujlwm rau PhD degree. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Lavxias teb sab kws kho mob dissertation yog ntau nyuaj tshaj nws Western counterpart. Yog li, nws yuav tsim nyog hais tias PhD degree yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus neeg sib tw thiab tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, tau txais lub npe kawm yog tsim nyog, vim qhov no yog koj daim pib mus rau yav tom ntej zoo siab.
