Muaj ntau ntau yam hais txog qhov xwm ntawm Tunguska meteorite - los ntawm ib qho banal fragment ntawm lub asteroid mus rau ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws spaceship los yog Tesla qhov kev sim zoo uas tau tawm ntawm kev tswj. Ntau qhov kev ntoj ke mus kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb txog qhov chaw ntawm qhov tawg tseem tsis tau tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1908.
ob hnub hla taiga
Endless Eastern Siberia, Yenisei xeev. Thaum 7:14 teev sawv ntxov, qhov kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thaum sawv ntxov tau tawg los ntawm qhov tshwm sim txawv txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb, lub dazzling luminous lub cev flashed hla lub taiga boundless, surpassing lub hnub nyob rau hauv brightness. Nws lub davhlau tau nrog lub suab nrov nrov. Tawm ntawm txoj kev haus luam yeeb saum ntuj, lub cev deafeningly tawg, xav tias nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 5 mus rau 10 km. Lub epicenter ntawm qhov saum npoo av tawg tau poob rau thaj tsam ntawm Khushma thiab Kimchu tus dej ntws, uas ntws mus rau hauv Podkamennaya Tunguska (txoj cai ntawm Yenisei), tsis deb ntawm Evenki thaj chaw ntawm Vanavara. Lub suab nthwv dej tshaj 800 km, thiab poob siabTxawm nyob deb li ntawm ob puas kilometers nws muaj zog heev ua rau lub qhov rais ntawm lub tsev tawg.
Raws li cov dab neeg ntawm ob peb tus neeg pom, qhov tshwm sim tau raug hu ua Tunguska meteorite, txij li qhov tshwm sim uas lawv piav qhia tau zoo heev uas nco txog kev ya ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws loj.
Lub caij ntuj sov hmo ntuj
Lub seismic vibrations tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawg tau kaw los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm ntau lub chaw soj ntsuam thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nyob rau thaj chaw loj heev los ntawm Yenisei mus rau Atlantic ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Tebchaws Europe, hmo tom qab tau nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub mesosphere (los ntawm 50 mus rau 100 km), huab formations tau tsim uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub hnub lub rays. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, hnub ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Tunguska meteorite, hmo ntuj tsis tuaj kiag li - tom qab hnub poob nws tuaj yeem nyeem yam tsis muaj teeb pom kev ntxiv. Qhov kev siv ntawm qhov tshwm sim maj mam pib poob, tab sis tus kheej tawg ntawm lub teeb pom kev tuaj yeem pom tau rau lwm lub hlis.
thawj expeditions
Cov tub rog-kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag cov xwm txheej uas dhau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau xyoo tom ntej (kev ua tsov rog Russo-Japanese thib ob, kev sib zog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua uas ua rau lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tig) ua rau peb tsis nco qab txog qhov tshwj xeeb tshwm sim rau ib pliag. Tab sis tam sim ntawd tom qab kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, ntawm kev pib ntawm Academician V. I. Vernadsky thiab tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab geochemistry AE Fersman, kev npaj pib rau kev ntoj ke mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg Tunguska meteorite.
Xyoo 1921, Soviet geophysicist L. A. Kulik thiab kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv thiabtus kws sau paj lug P. L. Dravert tau mus xyuas Eastern Siberia. Cov neeg tim khawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kaum peb xyoos dhau los tau raug xam phaj, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tau sau txog qhov xwm txheej thiab thaj chaw uas Tunguska meteorite poob. Los ntawm 1927 txog 1939 nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Leonid Alekseevich, ntau qhov kev mus ncig ntxiv tau ua rau thaj tsam Vanavara.
Nrhiav qhov funnel
Qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm thawj qhov kev mus rau qhov chaw Tunguska meteorite poob yog qhov kev tshawb pom hauv qab no:
- Ntseeg ntawm ib qho kev poob qis hauv taiga hla thaj tsam tshaj 2000 km2.
- Nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb, cov ntoo tseem nyob, tab sis lawv zoo li cov ncej xov tooj nrog qhov tsis muaj tiav ntawm cov tawv ntoo thiab cov ceg ntoo, uas tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus hais txog qhov xwm txheej saum toj no ntawm qhov tawg. Ib lub pas dej swampy kuj tau pom nyob ntawm no, uas, raws li Kulik, zais ib qho funnel los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub cev cosmic.
Thaum lub sijhawm taug kev thib ob (lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1928) cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm thaj chaw tau muab tso ua ke, ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab yees duab ntawm taiga poob. Cov kws tshawb fawb ib nrab tau tswj xyuas cov dej tawm ntawm qhov funnel, tab sis cov qauv magnetometric coj los qhia pom qhov tsis muaj cov khoom meteorite.
Kev mus tom ntej mus rau thaj chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj kuj tsis tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov seem ntawm "chaw qhua", tshwj tsis yog cov khoom me me ntawm silicates thiab hlau nplaum.
" pob zeb" Yankovsky
Ib ntu tsim nyog hais cais. Thaum lub sijhawm thib peb, tus neeg ua haujlwm ntoj ke mus kawm Konstantin Yankovsky thaum muaj kev ywj pheej yos hav zoovnyob ze ntawm tus dej Chugrim (ib tug tributary ntawm Khushma), ib tug brownish pob zeb thaiv ntawm ib tug cellular qauv, heev zoo li ib tug meteorite, tau pom thiab yees duab. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov pom yog ntau tshaj ob meters, dav thiab qhov siab - txog ib 'meter'. Tus thawj saib xyuas qhov project Leonid Kulik tsis tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov lus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hluas, txij li thaum nws xav, Tunguska meteorite tsuas tuaj yeem muaj qhov xwm txheej hlau xwb.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej, tsis muaj ib tus neeg txhawb siab yuav nrhiav tau lub pob zeb tsis meej, txawm hais tias qhov kev sim no tau ua dua.
Cov lus tseeb - ntau qhov kev xav
Yog li, tsis muaj cov khoom siv uas lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub cev cosmic hauv xyoo 1908 hauv Siberia tau pom. Thiab raws li koj paub, qhov tseeb tsawg, qhov ntau fantasies thiab kev xav. Ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tau txais kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub voj voog kev tshawb fawb. Tseem muaj ntau tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm txoj kev xav meteorite. Nws cov neeg koom nrog tau ntseeg ruaj khov tias thaum kawg qhov tsis muaj npe nrov nrog cov seem ntawm Tunguska meteorite tseem yuav pom. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb yog hu ua Southern swamp ntawm interfluve.
Soviet planetologist thiab geochemist, tus thawj coj ntawm ib qho ntawm kev ntoj ke mus rau thaj tsam Vanavara (1958) KP Florensky tau hais tias lub meteorite tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv xoob xoob. Tom qab ntawd, thaum cua sov hauv lub ntiaj teb huab cua, cov khoom meteorite ignited, interacting nrog atmospheric oxygen, vim qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim.
Qee cov kws tshawb fawb piav qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawg los ntawm hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub cev cosmic zoo (them nqi vimKev sib txhuam tawm tsam cov txheej tuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus nqi colossal ntawm 10 5 pendant) thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Tus kws tshaj lij Vernadsky piav qhia qhov tsis muaj qhov crater los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Tunguska meteorite tuaj yeem yog huab huab huab cua uas nkag mus rau peb cov huab cua ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm.
Comet nucleus?
Muaj ntau tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev xav tias xyoo 1908 peb lub ntiaj teb sib tsoo nrog lub hnub qub me me. Xws li qhov kev xav tau thawj zaug los ntawm Soviet astronomer V. Fasenkov thiab British J. Whipple. Qhov kev xav no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov tseeb tias hauv thaj chaw uas lub cev cosmic poob, cov av yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv suav nrog silicate thiab magnetite hais.
Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb physicist G. Bybin, tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm "lub hnub qub" kev xav, lub hauv paus ntawm "tailed wanderer" feem ntau yog cov khoom tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog (kua roj thiab dej) nrog me ntsis. admixture ntawm cov khoom siv plua plav. Kev suav tsim nyog thiab kev siv computer simulation txoj kev qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws muaj peev xwm txaus siab txhais tag nrho cov phenomena pom thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub cev thiab nyob rau hauv cov hnub tom ntej.
"Explosion" los ntawm kws sau Kazantsev
Tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet science A. P. Kazantsev muab nws lub zeem muag ntawm qhov tshwm sim xyoo 1946. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Explosion", luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub almanac "Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no", tus sau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm nws tus cwj pwm - physicist -nthuav tawm rau pej xeem ob qhov tshiab ntawm kev daws teeb meem rau qhov paub tsis meej ntawm Tunguska meteorite:
- Lub cev qhov chaw uas nkag mus rau lub ntiaj teb huab cua hauv xyoo 1908 yog "uranium" meteorite, ua rau muaj kev tawg atomic hla lub taiga.
- Lwm qhov laj thawj rau qhov tawg tuaj yeem yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub dav hlau txawv teb chaws.
Alexander Kazantsev tau kos nws cov lus xaus raws li qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lub teeb, suab thiab lwm yam tshwm sim uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev foob pob atomic los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas ntawm Nyiv lub nroog ntawm Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki thiab qhov xwm txheej tsis meej ntawm 1908. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus kws sau cov kev xav, txawm hais tias lawv tau raug thuam los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, pom lawv cov neeg qhuas thiab cov neeg koom nrog.
Nikola Tesla thiab Tunguska meteorite
Qee cov kws tshawb fawb muab qhov tshwm sim Siberian ib qho kev piav qhia tag nrho. Raws li qee qhov, qhov tawg hauv thaj av Vanavara yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim los ntawm Asmeskas tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Serbian keeb kwm, Nikola Tesla, ntawm kev xa xov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog mus ntev. Raws li deb rov qab mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, " xob laim tus tswv" nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntauwd hauv Colorado Springs (Tebchaws USA) tau teeb 200 lub qhov muag teev hluav taws xob, mus txog 25 mais deb ntawm qhov chaw, tsis tas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm Wardenclyffe qhov project, tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus tshaj tawm hluav taws xob hla huab cua mus rau txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias nws yuav zoo li qub pob khoom ntawm lub zog tau tsim los ntawm Tesla zoo. kov yeejLub ntiaj teb cov huab cua thiab tau sau ib colossal nqi, lub beam reflected los ntawm lub ozone txheej thiab, raws li kev xam trajectory, splashed tawm tag nrho nws lub hwj chim hla lub suab puam sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm US Congress, tus kws tshawb fawb thov rau daim duab qhia chaw ntawm thaj av Siberian tsawg tshaj plaws tau khaws cia.
Poob hauv qab?
Txhua qhov kev xav ntawm "lub ntiaj teb" keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis sib xws nrog cov xwm txheej sau tseg hauv 1908. Yog li, geologist V. Epifanov thiab tus kws tshawb fawb astrophysicist V. Kund tau hais tias qhov kev tawg saum toj no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau lab lab cubic meters ntawm cov pa roj ntuj los ntawm lub plab zom mov ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm hav zoov poob, tab sis ntawm qhov me me, tau pom nyob ze ntawm lub zos Cando (Galicia, Spain) xyoo 1994. Nws tau ua pov thawj tias qhov tawg ntawm Iberian Peninsula yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso pa roj av.
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb (B. N. Ignatov, N. S. Kudryavtseva, A. Yu. Olkhovatov) piav qhia txog Tunguska tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab tawg ntawm pob xob laim, av qeeg txawv txawv, thiab tam sim ntawd ntawm Vanavara volcanic yeeb nkab.
Ua raws li kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb
Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Tunguska meteorite, xyoo dhau los, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kev xav tshiab tau tshwm sim. Yog li, tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawm antiparticle ntawm lub electron - lub positron - nyob rau hauv 1932, ib tug hypothesis tshwm sim hais txog lub "anti-nature" ntawm lub Tunguska " qhua". Tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau piav qhia lub fact tias antimatter tsis annihilate ntau ua ntej, colliding nyob rau hauv lub sab nrauv qhov chaw.particles ntawm teeb meem.
Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm quantum generators (lasers), cov neeg txhawb siab ntseeg tau tshwm sim tias xyoo 1908 lub cosmic laser beam ntawm tsis paub tiam neeg nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb huab cua, tab sis qhov kev xav no tsis tau txais kev faib tawm ntau.
Thaum kawg, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb A. Jackson thiab M. Ryan tau tso tawm qhov kev xav tias Tunguska meteorite yog qhov "dub qhov" me me. Qhov kev xav no tau ntsib nrog kev tsis ntseeg los ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb, txij li kev xam pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib tsoo tsis sib haum rau daim duab pom.
Reserved area
Ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo tau dhau mus txij li lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Tunguska meteorite. Cov duab thiab yees duab cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg koom ntawm Kulik thawj qhov kev ntoj ke mus kawm, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm thaj chaw sau los ntawm lawv, tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshawb fawb. Paub txog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1995, los ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias, lub xeev cia tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Podkamennaya Tunguska ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 300 txhiab. hectares. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws tseem ua haujlwm ntawm no.
Nyob rau xyoo 2016, hnub poob ntawm Tunguska meteorite - Lub Rau Hli 30, ntawm kev pib ntawm UN General Assembly, Hnub International Asteroid Day tau tshaj tawm. Paub txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev hem thawj ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nyob rau hnub no cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb hauv zej zog tuav cov xwm txheej tsom mus rau kev mloog rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb xyuas raws sijhawm. Yam khoom chaw txaus ntshai.
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab tseem nquag siv lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tunguska meteorite. Cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab qhia txog kev ncig xyuas tshiab thiab kev xav, thiab ntau yam khoom zoo heev uas pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov tawg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov haujlwm ua si.
xov xwm cuav?
Kwv yees li txhua tsib xyoos, cov lus ceeb toom zoo siab tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov chaw tshaj tawm tias qhov zais cia ntawm Tunguska tawg tau raug daws. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tsis ntev los no, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia cov lus ntawm lub taub hau ntawm TKF (Tunguska Space Phenomenon) Foundation, Y. Lavbin, txog qhov nrhiav pom ntawm quartz cobblestones nrog cov cim ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv tsis paub nyob rau hauv thaj chaw puas tsuaj - supposedly fragments ntawm ib lub thawv ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib tug extraterrestrial spacecraft uas poob rau hauv 1908.
Lub taub hau ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm Vladimir Alekseev (2010, Troitsk Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Fusion) kuj tau tshaj tawm txog qhov kev pom zoo. Thaum luam theej duab hauv qab ntawm Suslov funnel nrog lub georadar, ib qho loj loj ntawm cosmic ice tau pom. Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb, qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub nucleus ntawm lub comet uas tawg Siberian silence ib puas xyoo dhau los.
Kev tshawb fawb tsis pub tawm tswv yim. Tej zaum tib neeg tau ntsib qhov tshwm sim, qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov uas, nyob rau theem tam sim no ntawm kev loj hlob, tsis muaj peev xwm nkag siab? Ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Tunguska tshwm sim zoo heev hais txog qhov no: tej zaum peb zoo li cov neeg siab phem uas tau saib lub dav hlau sib tsoo hauv hav zoov.
