Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov kev xav ntawm ib qho lus qhia? Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug yooj yooj yim, txawm hais tias nws ua rau qee qhov teeb meem rau ntau tus. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog yooj yim dua li nws zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej peb nkag mus rau hauv cov cai hais txog kev nyiam, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias lawv yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog ib pawg grammatical tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia, qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua thiab kev muaj tiag. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis yog ib hom lus qhia uas qhia txog qhov kev ua uas twb muaj lawm los yog ua tau rau yav tom ntej.
Hom thiab hom kev xav ntawm verbs
Hauv kev hais lus, cov hauv qab no ntawm pawg no tau txawv:
- Indicative.
- Subjunctive.
- Imperative.
- Xav tau lub siab xav (nruab nrab ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab qhov tseem ceeb).
- Permissible.
- Nkauj.
- Kev mob siab rau (qhia kev xav).
- Neegative-interrogative (qhia kev thov kom tsis txhob ua tiav).
- Surreal (tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus Indian thiab Pacific; nws ua tus yam ntxwv uas yuav luag tshwm sim).
- Kev piav qhia (siv hauvLatvian; muaj los txhais lus ncaj qha rau hauv indirect).
Thawj peb ntawm cov kev xav tau muab tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv, vim tias lawv yog cov lus qhia hauv Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau ntau hom, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus txhua tus ntawm cov muaj muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm modality, uas yog, nws combines ob peb moods.
Qhia, subjunctive thiab tseem ceeb - nta
Qhov taw qhia lossis qhov taw qhia yog ib pawg uas qhia txog txheej txheem txhua lub sijhawm. Hom no tsis muaj qhov taw qhia morphological; hloov, morphemes ntawm tense thiab tus neeg ntawm cov lus qhia yog siv.
Ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov subspecies ntawm pawg no yog kev txiav txim siab, kev npaj, kev hem thawj thiab lwm yam intonational moments.
Imperative lossis imperative - ib pawg lub luag haujlwm rau kev nthuav qhia kev thov, xaj lossis kev txhawb nqa rau kev nqis tes ua. Nws kuj yog hu ua lub siab xav. Pawg no tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nruj, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm tus neeg thib 2 cov lus thiab ntau tshaj plaws thiab tus neeg thib 1 plural, uas yog, cov lus qhia ua ke nrog cov lus "koj", "koj" thiab "peb", raws.
Ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab ntawv subspecies ntawm qeb - qhov xav tau, kev xav, kev lav phib xaub thiab lwm yam.
Subjunctive mus ob peb vas los yog subjunctive - qeb denoting qhov xav tau,npaj los yog ua tau txheej txheem. Cov hom no tsis muaj cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis nws hloov pauv ntawm cov lej thiab poj niam txiv neej. Ib tug feature ntawm no subspecies yog lub xub ntiag ntawm particle "yuav", uas yog, lo lus nug ntawm cov lus qhia tsis suab "dab tsi (c) ua?", tab sis "dab tsi (c) ua?". Yog li ntawd, lub siab xav no kuj hu ua conditional.
Lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov muab subspecies ntawm qeb yog kev ntshaw, lus ntuas, khuv xim.
Table nrog piv txwv
Cia peb muab piv txwv rau txhua hom lus qhia txog kev xav hauv lub rooj.
| Indicative (qhia) | Subjunctive (subjunctive) | Imperative (yuav tsum tau) |
| Kuv sau / sau / yuav sau | Kuv yuav sau | no forms |
| Koj sau / sau / yuav sau | no forms | Koj sau! |
| Nws/nws/yog/yuav sau | Nws yuav sau | no forms |
| Peb sau / sau / yuav sau | no forms | Peb tab tom sau! |
| Koj yog / tau / yuav sau | no forms | Koj sau! |
| Lawv / tau sau / yuav sau | Lawv yuav tau sau | no forms |
| features - tsis muaj | feature - tsis muaj hom sijhawm thiab ntsej muag | feature - tsis muaj sij hawm daim ntawv, tsis yog txhua lub ntsej muag duab |
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov kev xav ntawm ib qho lus qhia?
Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab qeb grammatical tau piav qhia. Tab sis lub rooj ntawm kev xav ntawm cov lus qhia, uas peb coj los rau koj mloog, yuav pab koj daws qhov teeb meem no. Koj yuav tsum nug cov lus nug los ntawm thawj kab thiab nrhiav cov lus teb hauv kab ntawv sab xis. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog ib qho algorithm uas piav qhia seb yuav txiav txim siab li cas ntawm qhov lus qhia.
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | |
| txhais li cas | kev ua uas yog, yog lossis yuav yog | kev ua uas yuav ua tau | order, thov, hu rau ua |
| Yuav siv li cas | txhua hom neeg, tus lej, nruj thiab poj niam txiv neej | tsuas yog tus lej thiab poj niam txiv neej daim ntawv, ib txwm nyob rau lub sijhawm dhau los | tsis yog poj niam txiv neej, sijhawm, tsuas yog daim ntawv 2 l. units thiab ntau lwm tus. npe 1l. pl. num |
| Piv txwv kom meej | Kuv noj / tau noj / yuav noj hmo no | Nws yuav noj hmo no | Eat tonight! |
Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev xav ntawm cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsum xub nug koj tus kheej cov lus nug, puas yog lo lus muaj cov lus txib lossis ib qho impulse? Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum nrhiav particle "yuav". Yog tsis muaj, ceslub subjunctive kuj yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm cov kev xaiv tau. Feem ntau, qhov taw qhia mus ob peb vas yog qhov feem ntau siv ntawm lwm yam subtypes ntawm qeb, tab sis qee zaum nws tseem tsis raug mob los xyuas.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav hauv Lavxias yog deb ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb lub glalol yog nyob rau hauv pawg no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub ntsiab lus nws yog dab tsi thiab xyuam xim rau cov lus nyob ib puag ncig cov lus qhia. Feem ntau qhov no yog qhov pab kom kos cov lus xaus.
