Polypropylene formula. Cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm Polypropylene

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:28

Polymers thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab tib neeg lub neej. Cov peev txheej ntuj, hmoov tsis, tau depleted heev thaum lawv siv. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg yuav tsum tau kawm yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom siv dag zog uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Ib qho ntawm cov no yog polypropylene. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm cov tshuaj no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm cov molecule yuav raug txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm tsab xov xwm.

Polymers - general yam ntxwv

chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj no suav nrog cov uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular heev. Tom qab tag nrho, polymers yog complex organic tebchaw muaj xws li rov ua dua monomer units, uas yuav ua tau los ntawm ob peb kaum mus rau pua pua, txhiab thiab lab.

Ntawm tag nrho cov polymers, pawg hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

1. Natural origin - proteins, nucleic acids, ATP molecules and sotom ntej no.
2. Artificial - cov uas yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ntuj tsim, tab sis tau raug hloov kho nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho tej yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, khoom siv roj hmab.
3. Synthetic - cov uas tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev sib txuas hauv chav kuaj thiab cov nroj tsuag. Piv txwv ntawm no yog cov ntaub hluavtaws thiab fibers, polyethylene, hluavtaws roj hmab, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene thiab lwm yam.

Tag nrho cov pab pawg ntawm cov polymers yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom thiab tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, khoom siv hauv tsev, tais diav, khoom ua si, rooj tog zaum thiab lwm yam.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws

Cov tshuaj formula ntawm ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog sau ua (-CH₂-CH₂-) . Qhov no yog polyethylene. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm nws siv tau paub. Cov no yog cov kev xav tau hauv tsev (tsev neeg zaj duab xis), thiab kev lag luam, thiab kev lag luam khoom noj (cov khoom ntim khoom). Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias nws yog qhov feem ntau, nws nyob deb ntawm tus neeg sawv cev nkaus xwb uas tseem ceeb heev rau tus neeg. Koj tuaj yeem sau npe rau cov polymers xws li:

• polyvinyl chloride;

Ypolypropylene;

• polyisobutylene;

Ypolystyrene;

• teflon;
• polyvinyl acetate thiab lwm yam.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, nrog rau kev tsim cov tais diav, cov khoom siv xws li polypropylene plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav txiav txim siab ntxiv nws cov yam ntxwv los ntawm kev pom tshuaj lom neeg.

YPolypropylene formula

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm chemistry, cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm ntau hom qauv. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog daim ntawv molecular ntawm cov ntawv sau. Hauv qhov no, cov mis polypropylene zoo li no: (₃Н₆) _{. Qhov kawg n txhais tau hais tias qib ntawm polymerization, uas yog, tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheem pib hauv macrochain.}

Cov ntaub ntawv no tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab txog qhov zoo thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov molecule. Polypropene muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms, thiab lawv tus lej hauv qhov txuas monomer yog 3/6, raws li, thiab hauv cov saw hlau feem ntau yog nyob ntawm n Performance index. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov qauv ntawm cov compound, hais txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub bonds ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule, ces lwm hom ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom yog xav tau.

Polypropylene: qauv qauv

Hom ntaub ntawv, uas qhia tau hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm atoms hauv ib lub molecule, hu ua tus qauv qauv. Rau cov khoom peb tab tom xav, nws yuav zoo li no: (-CH₂-CH-CH₃-). Obviously, feem ntau lees txais valency ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no thiab. Cov mis ntawm polypropylene los yog polypropene qhia tau hais tias hom monomer unit underlies lub compound. Nws yog tsim los ntawm unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) propene los yog propylene. Nws cov qauv qhia txog qhov tseeb yog: С₃Н₈.

pib monomer

Cov qauv monomer rau tsim polypropylene yog: (-CH₂-CH-CH₃-). Yog tias qhov tawg no rov ua dua ob peb puaslub sij hawm, ces peb tau txais tag nrho macromolecule ntawm ib tug hluavtaws polymer, uas yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb twb tau qhia tias, feem ntau, ib txwm alkene - propene yuav tsum tau suav hais tias yog cov khoom pib rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization. Nws yog monomer ntawm polypropylene. Cov qauv qauv yuav raug sau ua CH₃-CH=CH₂. Thaum ob daim ntawv cog lus tau tawg thaum lub sij hawm polymerization, qhov xav tau tawg yog tsim. Tib qhov sib txuas monomeric uas, rov ua dua, tsim cov polymer macromolecule.

Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg

Polypropylene formula (-CH₂-CH-CH₃-) tso cai rau koj los txiav txim txog nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg yam ntxwv. Peb teev cov tseem ceeb.

1. Lub cev lub cev ntawm cov polymer no: ntom 0.91g / cm ³, nyuaj, abrasion resistant, tsis-corrosive. Xim dawb, opaque. Tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab organic solvents ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tshaj 100 ⁰ С dissolves hauv hydrocarbon tebchaw. Nws pib soften tom qab 140 ⁰ С, ntawm 170 ⁰ С nws melts. Nws muaj cua sov thiab Frost tsis kam.
2. tshuaj muaj zog. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev ua ub no, polypropene tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov khoom siv inert. Nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog tshwj xeeb muaj zog oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm: fuming nitric, chlorosulfonic acids, oleum, nquag halogens (fluorine, chlorine). Nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog dej txhua, txawm tias kub siab. Nrog oxygenreacts tsuas yog thaum irradiated nrog ultraviolet lub teeb, cov txheej txheem yog nrog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov polymer. Hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic, nws swells thiab dissolves nrog nce kub.

Cov khoom qhia tau tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej, uas yog siv hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus polypropylene zoo ib yam. Muaj cov tshuaj stabilizer tshwj xeeb uas tsim cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov polymer hauv nqe lus nug.

Khoom specifications

Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv uas cov khoom siv polypropylene muaj. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog raws li nram no:

1. Thaum cua sov, nws tuaj yeem yaj, muag ua ntej.
2. Tsis yog kev coj ua.
3. Shock-resistant, hnav-resistant.
4. Resistant to abrasion.
5. Loj hlob thaum raug lub hnub thiab oxygen, tab sis cov txheej txheem qeeb heev.
6. Raws li cov polymer muaj qhov hnyav me me.
7. Dawb, translucent, tasteless thiab tsw.
8. Thaum kub hnyiab, nws tsis tso cov tshuaj phem, nws tawm lub teeb paj tsw qab.
9. Nws hloov pauv, ruaj khov, tiv taus ntau yam pa phem.
10. Muaj cua sov thiab Frost tsis kam.

Tag nrho cov khoom qhia ntawm polypropylene ua cov khoom tso cai rau nws siv rau ntau yam kev xav tau. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus use, yooj yim los tswj thiab siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nyob rau hauv tej sector ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Tag nrho tuaj yeem ua tauPaub qhov txawv peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no:

• attactic;
• syndiotactic;

Y

• isotactic.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv lawv yog cov qauv spatial ntawm cov molecule. Tshwj xeeb, qhov chaw ntawm methyl pawg hauv cov saw hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ruaj khov additives, tus naj npawb ntawm monomer units hauv macrostructure.

Ua cov khoom siv no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm crystalline granular lug, los yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fibers, nplooj.

thaj chaw siv

Polypropylene khoom siv rau kev tsim ntau yam yeeb yaj kiab, ntim ntim, ntim khoom noj. Nws yog los ntawm nws tias cov khob yas zoo tib yam thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg yog tsim. Cov khoom siv no yog siv los ua cov kav dej ruaj khov, tshuaj-resistant polypropylene kav dej.

Nws kuj yog siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo. Adhesive daim kab xev kuj yog ib hom polypropylene.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau kev tsim khoom:

• mastic;
• glues;
• putty;
• daim kab xev;
• txoj kev thiab lwm yam.

Ntau cov nplooj ntawv polypropylene, fiber ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom ua si, ntawv sau, tsev neeg thiab khoom siv hauv tsev.