Nikolai Shchors - tus phab ej ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog: biography

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Nikolai Shchors - tus phab ej ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog: biography
Nikolai Shchors - tus phab ej ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog: biography
Anonim

Nws tau ntev tau paub tias lub kiv puag ncig yog tsim los ntawm kev sib hlub. Cov tswv yim siab, kev coj ncaj ncees, lub siab xav ua kom lub ntiaj teb zoo dua thiab ncaj ncees - tsuas yog ib tus neeg xav tsis thoob uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hom phiaj rau nws tus kheej. Xws li ib tug neeg yog Nikolai Shchors, tus tub ntawm ib tug railway neeg ua hauj lwm, ib tug tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub tsarist pab tub rog thiab ib tug liab commander. Nws nyob tau 24 xyoos xwb, tab sis nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws ua lub cim ntawm kev tawm tsam kom muaj cai nyob hauv lub xeev muaj kev zoo siab thiab vam meej.

Parent House

Ib lub tsev me me ntoo nyob hauv qab ntawm tsob ntoo loj loj uas nthuav dav. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1894 los ntawm Alexander Nikolaevich Shchors. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav lub neej zoo dua, nws tau tsiv mus rau Snovsk los ntawm lub nroog me me ntawm Stolbtsy hauv cheeb tsam Minsk thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoos. Nws raug sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog tsarist, tab sis tom qab kev pabcuam nws rov qab mus rau lub nroog nws nyiam. Ntawm no Alexandra tos nws - ib tug ntawm cov ntxhais ntawm Tabelchuk tsev neeg, uas Alexander Nikolaevich xauj ib chav. Hauv lawv cov zej zog, cov niam txiv tshiab tau yuav ib daim av thiab ua ib lub tsev rau nws. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 6, lawv thawj tus menyuam yug los, muaj npe tom qab nws yawg, Nikolai Shchors. Xyoo 1895xyoo.

Nikolai Shchors: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
Nikolai Shchors: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Txiv ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Ua ntej, ib tug handyman, ib tug locksmith, ib tug stoker. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus pab tsav tsheb, thiab xyoo 1904 nws dhau qhov kev xeem rau tus tsav tsheb - nws tau tsav lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Libavo-Romenskaya railway. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, plaub tus menyuam ntxiv tau tshwm sim hauv tsev. Nov yog yuav ua li cas yav tom ntej tus phab ej ntawm Civil War Shchors pib nws lub neej.

Lub neej hauv tsev neeg tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Leej txiv ua hauj lwm, thiab leej niam ua hauj lwm hauv tsev thiab yug me nyuam. Nikolai tsis ua rau nws muaj teeb meem ntau. Tus tub yog ntse thiab ntse tshaj nws xyoo. Nws kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog yim xyoo nws pib mus kawm cov chav kawm nrog tus kws qhia Anna Vladimirovna Gorobtsova - nws npaj cov me nyuam rau kev nkag mus rau lub railway parochial tsev kawm ntawv. Xyoo 1905, Shchors pib kawm nyob ntawd. Nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv txawv - tus tub hluas tau nqhis dej ntau dhau rau kev paub.

zaj nkauj hais txog Shchors
zaj nkauj hais txog Shchors

Ib xyoos tom qab, kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim rau tsev neeg - niam tuag. Nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj thiab tuag hauv Belarus, qhov chaw nws mus xyuas cov txheeb ze. Tsib tus menyuam yaus, ib tsev neeg loj thiab ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Lub tsev xav tau ib tug poj niam - yog li txiav txim siab tus laus Shchors. Nikolai Alexandrovich tom qab ntawd nco qab tias thaum xub thawj nws coj nws niam xeeb ntxwv nrog kev ua phem. Tab sis maj mam lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo tuaj. Ntxiv mus, tus poj niam tshiab ntawm nws txiv, nws lub npe yog Maria Konstantinovna, nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no xyoo yug tau tsib tus menyuam. Tsev neeg loj hlob tuaj, thiab Kolya yog tus hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1909 nrog daim ntawv pov thawj zoo thiab xav tau mus ntxivkev kawm.

Nkag mus kawm tub rog

Tab sis kuv txiv muaj lwm txoj kev npaj. Nws vam tias nws tus tub yuav mus ua hauj lwm thiab pab tsev neeg. Txhawm rau nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej uas ua rau lub neej ntawm Shchors, koj yuav tsum xav txog nws txoj kev xav paub ntau ntxiv. Muaj zog heev li thaum kawg txiv thiaj tso tseg. Thawj qhov kev sim ua tsis tiav. Thaum nkag mus rau Nikolaev Marine Paramedic School, Kolya plam ib qho taw qhia.

monument rau Shchors
monument rau Shchors

Txoj kev nyuaj siab, tus tub hluas rov qab los tsev - tam sim no nws pom zoo mus ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw tsheb ciav hlau. Tab sis mam li nco dheev kuv txiv tawm tsam. Txog lub sijhawm no, nws tus kwv yau Konstantin kuj kawm tiav high school nrog daim ntawv pov thawj zoo. Alexander Nikolayevich sau ob tug tub thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv kho mob tub rog Kyiv. Lub sijhawm no txhua yam ua tau zoo - ob tus kwv tij tau xeem dhau qhov kev xeem nkag. Tom qab faib ib ruble rau nws cov tub, tus txiv txaus siab tawm mus rau Snovsk. Thawj zaug, Nikolai Shchors mus deb ntawm tsev. Ib theem tshiab ntawm nws lub neej tau pib.

Tub rog tsarist

Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kawm tub rog tau nruj, tab sis lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm yav tom ntej tus thawj coj qub tub rog liab. Nyob rau hauv 1914, ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub Kyiv tub rog tsev kawm ntawv Shchors tuaj txog nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov chav nyob nyob ze Vilnius. Nikolai Alexandrovich pib nws cov kev pab cuam raws li ib tug junior paramedic. Kev nkag mus ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws mus rau lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug sai sai no, thiab lub 3rd Light Artillery Battalion, nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg pab dawb Shchors pab, raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej kab. Nikolay tshem tawm cov neeg raug mob thiab pab thawj zaug. Hauv ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus kws kho mob nws tus kheej raug mob thiab xaus rau hauv lub txaj pw hauv tsev kho mob.

Shchors Nikolai Alexandrovich
Shchors Nikolai Alexandrovich

Tom qab rov qab los, nws nkag mus hauv Vilnius tub rog tsev kawm ntawv, uas tau khiav tawm mus rau Poltava. Nws mob siab kawm txog tub rog sciences - tactics, topography, trench ua hauj lwm. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1916, Ensign Shchors tuaj txog hauv lub chaw khaws cia, uas yog quartered hauv Simbirsk. Biography ntawm lub yav tom ntej division commander nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no ntawm lub neej ua ntse lem. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus rau 335th regiment ntawm 85th infantry Division. Rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj, Nikolai Aleksandrovich tau txais qib thib ob lieutenant ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lub neej tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ua neej tsis zoo tau ua lawv txoj haujlwm - tus tub ceev xwm hluas pib tsim cov txheej txheem tuberculosis. Yuav luag rau lub hlis nws raug kho hauv Simferopol. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1917, tau demobilized los ntawm cov tub rog, nws rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg Snovsk. Yog li xaus lub sijhawm ntawm kev pabcuam hauv cov tub rog tsarist.

pib ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam

Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj, Nikolai Shchors rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws. Muaj kev tawm tsam kom muaj zog ntawm ntau pawg nom tswv. Kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm pej xeem fratricidal swept thoob plaws thaj av Ukrainian, thiab cov tub rog rov qab los ntawm sab xub ntiag tau koom nrog ntau yam riam phom. Lub Ob Hlis 1918, Central Rada ntawm Ukraine tau kos npe rau kev sib haum xeeb nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Austria. Cov tub rog German nkag mus rau hauv lub tebchaws los sib koom ua ke sib ntaus sib tua cov Soviets.

Shchors thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Shchors thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Nikolay tau xaiv nws txoj kev xaiv nom tswv nyob rau pem hauv ntej,thaum nws ntsib Bolsheviks thiab nkag siab txog txoj haujlwm ntawm lawv tog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Snovsk, nws sai sai tsim kev sib cuag nrog lub communist underground. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tog cell, Nikolai mus rau Novozybkovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, mus rau lub zos Semenovka. Ntawm no nws tau tsim ib pawg neeg tawm tsam los tawm tsam cov tub rog German. Ib tug tub rog uas muaj kev paub dhau los ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog thawj lub luag haujlwm. Lub koom haum detachment nws tsim muaj 350-400 kev cob qhia fighters thiab sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Zlynka thiab Klintsy, nqa tawm daring partisan raids ntawm Gomel-Bryansk railway kab. Nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub detachment yog tus tub hluas liab commander Shchors. Biography Nikolai Aleksandrovich txij thaum ntawd los tau txuam nrog kev tawm tsam rau kev tsim lub zog Soviet thoob plaws hauv Ukraine.

Txhob Cia Siab

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm pawg neeg tawm tsam tau yuam cov tub rog German raug kev puas tsuaj loj, thiab cov lus txib German tau txiav txim siab kom xaus rau nws lub neej. Nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, cov neeg koom nrog tau tswj kom tawg tawm ntawm qhov thaiv thiab tawm mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Unecha, uas nyob rau thaj tsam Lavxias. Ntawm no lub detachment raug tshem tawm thiab disbanded - raws li txoj cai tau teev.

keeb kwm ntawm Shchors
keeb kwm ntawm Shchors

Schors nws tus kheej mus rau Moscow. Nws ib txwm npau suav ntawm kev kawm thiab xav mus kawm ntawv kho mob. Lub kiv puag ncig hloov pauv cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tsis ntev los no. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1918, Thawj Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Bolsheviks ntawm Ukraine tau tshwm sim, ua raws li los ntawm kev tsim lub Central Committee ntawm lub Party thiab lub Revolutionary Committee, uas nws txoj hauj lwm yog los tsim tshiab tub rog units los ntawm cov fighters ntawm partisan detachments - Nikolai rov qab mus rau Unecha.. Nwsqhia kom tsim thiab coj ib pab tub rog ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos thiab cov neeg tua rog ntawm Dnieper partisan detachment. Nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli, cov tub rog tau raug hu ua Ivan Bohun, tus phooj ywg ntawm Bogdan Khmelnitsky uas tau tuag hauv cheeb tsam Chernihiv. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov hnub no, tawm tsam lub railway chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv Unecha, muaj ib tug monument rau Shchors, ib tug ntawm cov yau commanders ntawm Red Army.

Muaj kev sib cais raws ntug dej

Cov tub rog Bogun muaj 1,500 Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog thiab yog ib feem ntawm Thawj Pawg Neeg Tawm Tsam. Tam sim ntawd tom qab tsim, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau pib ua kev sib tw rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog German. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tau txais kev ua tub rog thiab tau txais riam phom. Tom qab ntawd, Nikolai Shchors tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm ib pab tub rog, uas suav nrog ob pawg tub rog - Bogunsky thiab Tarashchansky.

hero ntawm lub Civil War Shchors
hero ntawm lub Civil War Shchors

Lub Kaum Hli 23, 1918, qhov kev tawm tsam loj tau pib, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov tub rog German los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine. Cov tub rog tau tso Klintsy, Starodub, Glukhov, Shostka. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis, cov tub rog Tarashchansky nkag mus rau Snovsk. Cov tub rog liab ua ntej cov tub rog tau ceev nrooj nyob ntau thiab ntau lub nroog tshiab. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1919 Chernigov, Kozelets thiab Nizhyn raug coj. Lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam yog kev ywj pheej ntawm Kyiv. Tus thawj coj tub rog yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej txhua lub sijhawm. Cov tub rog hwm nws rau nws tus kheej lub siab tawv thiab saib xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub rog. Nws yeej tsis tau nkaum tom qab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab thiab tsis zaum tom qab. Sau xyoo 1936, "Song of Shchors" yuav luag sau cov tub rog nco txog lawv tus thawj coj.

Kyiv Commandant

Thaum mus txog Kyiv ntawm txoj kevCov tub rog liab sawv ntawm cov tub rog Petliura xaiv. Shchors txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ob txoj haujlwm, Bogunsky thiab Tarashchansky, tawm tsam txoj haujlwm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab zoo heev. Lub Ob Hlis 1, 1919, Petliura cov tub rog tau swb lawm, thiab Shchors brigade tau tso lub nroog Brovary. Tom qab 4 hnub, Kyiv raug coj, Shchors tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub peev ntawm Ukraine. Rau nws txoj kev koom tes zoo rau kev swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog thiab rau nws tus kheej lub siab tawv, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm nominal golden riam phom. Nyob rau hauv 1954, perpetuating lub cim xeeb ntawm lub heroic lub sij hawm, ib tug monument rau Shchors yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Ukraine.

monument rau Shchors
monument rau Shchors

Kev so ntawm kev sib ntaus tau luv luv. Cov tub rog rov nkag mus rau hauv kev ua phem thiab tso tawm Berdichev thiab Zhitomir. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 19, Shchors tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Ukrainian Soviet Division. Cov Petliurites raug kev txom nyem ib zaug. Cov tub rog liab tso Vinnitsa thiab Zhmerinka, Shepetovka thiab Rivne. Kev faib tawm tau ntxiv nrog cov neeg nrhiav neeg los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos, tab sis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov thawj coj sib ntaus sib tua. Ntawm qhov pib ntawm Shchors, lub tsev kawm tub rog tau tsim, uas 300 ntawm cov tub rog Red Army uas muaj kev paub ntau tshaj plaws nrog cov kev paub hauv ntej raug xa mus kawm.

Fatal Bullet

Lub Rau Hli 1919, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Tub Rog tau hloov kho lub Ukrainian Front. Lub Shchors faib tau los ua ib feem ntawm 12th Army. Lub tsim twb muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab muaj yeeb koob yeej tom qab nws. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tias kev faib tawm tau txib los ntawm tus thawj coj uas tsuas yog 24 xyoo. Shchors yeej muaj peev xwm ua tub rog zoo heev. Tab sis qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj li tawm tsam nws txoj kev sib txuasCov yeeb ncuab zoo tshaj plaws tau nce qib.

Shchors Nikolai Alexandrovich
Shchors Nikolai Alexandrovich

Raws li lub siab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws, Shchors tau thim rov qab mus rau thaj chaw Korosten. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 30, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj N. A. Shchors, nws tus thawj coj I. N. Dubovoi thiab tus neeg ua haujlwm nom tswv Tankhil-Tankhilevich tuaj txog ntawm pawg Bogun, uas tau tuav haujlwm nyob ze lub zos Beloshitsa. Ua ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv, Nikolai Shchors raug mob ntawm lub taub hau. I. N. Dubovoy qhwv nws, tab sis tom qab 15 feeb tus thawj tswj hwm tau tuag. Nws lub cev raug xa mus rau Klintsy thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Samara, qhov chaw nws raug faus. Yog li ntawd xaus lub neej ntawm ib tug hluas tshaj plaws thiab txawj ntse generals ntawm lub Civil War.

story

Xyoo 1949, thaum qhov kev faus neeg seem ntawm N. A. Shchors tau tshwm sim, qhov tsis paub meej yav dhau los tau tshwm sim. Ib lub mos txwv tuag tau raug rho tawm los ntawm ib rab phom luv luv thiab nkag mus rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus thawj coj tsis ntshai lub taub hau. Nws hloov tawm tias Shchors tuag ntawm txhais tes ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas nyob tom qab nws nyob ze. Ntau yam versions tshwm sim - kev tuag ntawm txhais tes ntawm "Trotskyists" thiab txawm lub kua zaub ntsuab ntawm lub Bolsheviks ntawm intractable thiab nrov commander nyob rau hauv cov tub rog.

Nikolai Shchors: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
Nikolai Shchors: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Lub npe ntawm N. A. Shchors tsis tau hnov qab, thiab nws cov kev siv tau raug immortalized los ntawm ntau lub monuments, npe ntawm txoj kev thiab lub nroog. Cov neeg tseem hnov "Zaj Nkauj ntawm Shchors" - tus txiv neej ua siab loj thiab tsis qia dub uas, txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, ntseeg tias muaj peev xwm tsim lub xeev ncaj ncees thiab ncaj ncees.

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