Kev ua thiab cov xeev uas cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej yav tom ntej yog feem ntau hais txog kev siv yav tom ntej Simple tense. Piv txwv kab lus rau yav tom ntej indefinite tense yuav muab faib ua peb pawg: nqe lus, negatives thiab cov lus nug.
Yooj yim (lossis tsis muaj sijhawm) yav tom ntej tense thiab yog tsim yooj yim. Txhawm rau tsim cov kab lus hauv Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim, nws yog qhov txaus los siv cov lus txhawb nqa los yog kev tsim kho mus.
nqe lus nrog kev xav
Lub tswv yim rau kev tsim cov nqe lus yog raws li nram no: yuav + [infinitive yam tsis muaj]. Lub hom phiaj thiab cov piv txwv piv txwv nrog yav tom ntej Yooj Yim:
- Kev xav ua ib yam: Kuv yuav pab koj (Kuv yuav pab koj). Tib yam khoom suav nrog kev cia siab, kev cog lus, hem, kev thov thiab thov.
- Kev txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm sib tham: Kuv kub. Kuv mam qhib qhov rooj (Kuv kub. Kuv mam qhib qhov rooj).
- Qhov tseeb txog yav tom ntej: Nws yuav yog lub caij ntuj no sai sai no.
- Huab cua thiab kev kwv yees (feem ntau siv cov lus qhia nrog kev xav, ntseeg, kab tias):Kuv xav tias, nws yuav daus (Kuv xav tias nws yuav daus).
Cov kab lus lees paub feem ntau siv luv luv ntawm cov lus qhia yuav: Kuv yuav ua tag kis=Kuv yuav ua nws tag kis.
Ntau Yav Tom Ntej Simple kab lus piv txwv:
| Subject | Auxiliary verb | lus tseem ceeb | Cov tswv cuab me me | Kev txhais lus |
| I | yuav | kawm | English | Kuv yuav kawm lus Askiv. |
| koj | see | nws | Koj yuav pom nws. | |
| Peb | drink | juice | Peb yuav muaj kua txiv. | |
| Nyob | go | rau nroog | Lawv yuav mus rau lub nroog. | |
| Nws | poob | hauv nws chav | Nws yuav pw hauv nws chav. | |
| read | phau ntawv no | Nws yuav nyeem phau ntawv no. | ||
| Nws | flop | Qhov no yuav ua tsis tiav (yuav tsis ua tiav). |
nqe lus nrog yuav mus
Tsuas yog xav tau, yav tom ntej tuaj yeem hais nrog mus + [infinitive yam tsis muaj]. Yuav muaj lub ntsiab lus nruab nrab ntau dua piv rau kev mus.
Nrog lawv yuav tham txog kev txiav txim siab tam sim lossis kev pom zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thiab nrog mus - txog kev txiav txim siab ua ntej lub sijhawm hais lus:
| Yuav | mus |
|
muaj ibpostbox nyob ntawd. Kuv mam tso cov ntawv no (Muaj ib lub mailbox nyob ntawd. Kuv mam li xa cov ntawv no.) |
Kuv tawm mus. Kuv yuav tso cov ntawv no. (Kuv mus nraum zoov. Kuv yuav xa cov ntawv no.) |
|
Koj tseem tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv no, Trevor / OK, Kuv yuav ua nws tag kis (Koj tseem tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv no, Trevor. / Okay, Kuv yuav ua nws tag kis.) |
Koj tseem tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv no, Trevor / Kuv paub. Kuv yuav ua tag kis. (Koj tseem tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv no, Trevor. / Kuv paub. Kuv yuav ua nws tag kis.) |
Kev mus feem ntau yog siv los "kwv yees" yav tom ntej, raws li qhov xav tau. Qhov sib txawv yog qhov yuav raug siv thaum ua qhov kev kwv yees zoo tib yam "feem ntau", thiab mus rau - thaum kos qhov xaus ntawm qhov xwm txheej tam sim no:
| Yuav | mus |
|
Kuv xav tias United yuav yeej qhov kev ua si (Kuv xav tias Manchester United yuav yeej.) |
Tsis muaj huab nyob saum ntuj. Yuav yog hnub zoo nkauj (Tsis yog huab saum ntuj. Nws yuav yog ib hnub zoo nkauj.) |
|
Ib hnub tib neeg yuav mus rau Mars (Ib hnub tib neeg yuav mus rau Mars.) |
Lub hnab no tsis muaj zog heev. Yuav tawg (Lub hnab no tsis muaj zog heev. Nws yuav kua muag.) |
Nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv niaj hnub no, cov qauv yog nrov los qhia txog yav tom ntejyooj yim. Piv txwv kab lus nrog mus:
| Subject | Shape to be | lus tseem ceeb | Cov tswv cuab me me | Kev txhais lus | |
| I | am | mus | prepare | qhov chaw rau koj | Kuv yuav npaj qhov chaw rau koj. |
| koj | yog | try | nws | Koj yuav sim qhov no. | |
| Peb | seek | peb hmoov zoo | Peb yuav nrhiav kev zoo siab. | ||
| Nyob | teb | rau lo lus nug | Lawv yuav teb cov lus nug. | ||
| Nws | yog | massage | koj | Nws yuav massage koj. | |
| play | soccer | Nws mus ncaws pob. | |||
| Nws | snow | hnub hmo ntuj | Nws yuav daus thaum hmo ntuj. |
Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev xav thiab mus yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los saib los ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov kab lus los ntawm lawv tus kheej tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog txog seb puas tau txiav txim siab hauv qhov xwm txheej hais lus.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, ib tus tuaj yeem tsom mus rau cov ntsiab lus, kev ntsuas ntawm nqe lus. Qhov ntau nws yog raws li "tus kheej mus kom ze", raws li O. Dyakonov, qhov zoo dua yog siv yuav.
Kev tsis lees paub
Kev tsim cov kab lus tsis zoo nyob rau yav tom ntej Yooj Yim sib raug rau cov qauv dav dav ntawm kev tsim tsis zoo hauv lus Askiv. Cov lus tsis yog ntxiv rau cov lus qhia pabcuam yuav:
| Affirmative kab lus | Neegative offer |
|
Kuv yuav nyob ntsiag to. (Kuv yuav nyob ntsiag to.) |
Kuv yuav tsis nyob twj ywm. (Kuv yuav tsis nyob twj ywm.) |
Thaum yuav mus, cov lus tsis tuaj tom qab daim ntawv qhia ua yog (piv txwv li rov qab rau qhov kev pabcuam):
| Affirmative kab lus | Neegative offer |
|
Kuv yuav muag lub tuam txhab no. (Kuv yuav muag lub tuam txhab no.) |
Kuv tsis yuav muag lub tuam txhab no. (Kuv tsis mus muag lub tuam txhab no.) |
Qhov tsis yog daim ntawv ntawm kev qhia yuav yog luv luv kom tsis ua. Piv txwv li, Kuv yuav tsis nyob twj ywm=Kuv yuav tsis nyob twj ywm (Kuv yuav tsis nyob twj ywm).
Qhia
Tsim cov lus nug hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yooj yim: (cov lus nug) + yuav + kev kawm + lwm yam ntawm cov lus qhia. Cov lus thov feem ntau yog tsim los siv cov lus nug yooj yim yav tom ntej. Piv txwv kab lus nrog yuav:
| nqe lus | Qhia |
|
Koj muab koj lub tsheb rau kuv. (Koj muab koj lub tsheb rau kuv.) |
Koj puas muab koj lub tsheb rau kuv? (Koj puas muab koj lub tsheb rau kuv?) |
|
Koj pab kuv. (Koj yuav pab kuv.) |
Koj puas kam pab kuv? (Koj puas pab kuv?) |
|
YajyajYaj yuav zoo. (Qhov no yuav txias.) |
Nws yuav txias? (Qhov no puas yuav txias?) |
|
Koj yuav xav tau kev txawj. (Koj yuav xav tau kev txawj ntse.) |
Koj yuav tsum muaj txuj ci dab tsi (Koj xav tau dabtsi?) |
|
Koj yuav npaj rau nws. (Koj yuav npaj rau qhov no.) |
Koj yuav npaj li cas? (Koj yuav npaj li cas rau qhov no?) |
|
Kuv yuav pom kev zoo siab. (Kuv yuav pom kev zoo siab.) |
Thaum twg koj yuav pom kev zoo siab? (Thaum twg koj yuav pom kev zoo siab?) |
Rau qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau tib txoj cai siv. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov lus nug thaum siv mus rau: (cov lus nug) + daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia ua + cov ntsiab lus + cov seem ntawm cov lus qhia.
| nqe lus | Qhia |
|
Lawv yuav teb cov lus nug. (Lawv yuav teb cov lus nug.) |
Puas yog lawv yuav teb cov lus nug? (Puas yog lawv yuav teb cov lus nug?) |
| (Peb yuav tham txog nws.) |
Koj yuav hais dab tsi? (koj yuav hais dab tsi?) |
Kev qhia txog kev xav
Yav dhau los, nrog rau kev xav, cov lus qhia tau siv los ua cov lus hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yooj yimyuav tsum (shan't luv luv). Raws li txoj cai, cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau siv nrog thawj tus neeg, thiab yuav - nrog tus thib ob thiab thib peb.
- Txhais kev tsis txaus siab, kev tsim kho nrog lub siab nyiam thiab yuav tsum tau siv ntau zaus: Kuv yuav tsis thiab yuav tsis ua nws (Kuv tsis xav thiab yuav tsis ua nws).
- Tam sim no cov lus qhia yuav ua rau kev hais lus me ntsis.
- Tsis siv ua lus Askiv.
Rau qhov tseemceeb (kev xav ntawm kev xav), yuav tsum thiab yuav tsum tsis ua raws li txoj cai. Yuav tsum siv raws li qhov xav tau - nrog tus thib ob thiab thib peb:
- Koj yuav tsis dhau - Koj yuav tsis dhau.
- Koj yuav tsum them txhua yam - Koj yuav tsum them txhua yam.
Thaum koj xav paub lus nug txog qee yam lossis muab qee yam, siv cov lus nrog yuav tsum (tsuas yog nrog thawj tus neeg). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov nqe lus no yog cov lus nug:
- Peb yuav tawm mus ua ke? (Peb yuav mus qhov twg?)
- Peb puas yuav caij tsheb npav? (Cia peb mus tsheb npav).
CV
Lub neej yav tom ntej yooj yim tso cai rau koj los tham txog lub sijhawm tsis kawg uas los tom qab tam sim no. Siv lub neej yav tom ntej yooj yim, ib tus tuaj yeem hais lossis tsim:
- facts (dab tsi yuav tshwm sim tiag tiag);
- kev txiav txim siab uas tau ua thaum lub sijhawm sib tham (nrog kev pab ntawm kev xav);
- twv, twv thiab twv ua ntej raws li tus kheej nyiam (siv yuav);
- Kev txiav txim siab tawm sab nraud qhov xwm txheej hais lus (siv mus);
- twv, kev xav thiab kev kwv yees raws li kev txiav txim siab los ntawm cov xwm txheej,Piv txwv li "cua muaj zog, huab cua yuav deteriorate" (siv mus);
- xav, thov, cog lus, tsis kam (siv yuav thiab yuav).
Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim - yooj yim tab sis lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau nws, hauv lus Askiv koj tuaj yeem cog lus tias yuav khaws qhov zais cia, nco koj txog hnub tseem ceeb (qhov tseeb), hais tias cov pej xeem yuav txais li cas koj nyiam zaj duab xis (kev kwv yees), dab tsi tos tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis saib xyuas (lub hom phiaj kev kwv yees) thiab ntau dua.
