Calcium… Koj paub dab tsi txog nws? "Nws yog hlau" - thiab tsuas yog teb ntau. Dab tsi yog calcium compounds? Nrog rau lo lus nug no, txhua tus yuav pib khawb lawv lub taub hau. Yog, tsis muaj kev paub ntau txog yav tas los, thiab txog calcium nws tus kheej ib yam nkaus. Okay, peb mam li tham txog nws tom qab, tab sis hnub no cia saib tsawg kawg peb ntawm nws cov tebchaw - calcium carbonate, hydroxide thiab calcium bicarbonate.
1. Calcium carbonate
Nws yog ntsev tsim los ntawm calcium thiab carbonic acid residue. Cov qauv ntawm cov carbonate no yog CaCO3.
Properties
Nws muaj cov tsos ntawm cov hmoov dawb, insoluble hauv dej thiab ethyl cawv.
Tau txais calcium carbonate
Nws yog tsim los ntawm calcination ntawm calcium oxide. Dej yog ntxiv rau tom kawg, thiab tom qab ntawd carbon dioxide yog dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj calcium hydroxide uas tshwm sim. Cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov xav tau carbonate thiab dej, uas yooj yim sib cais ntawm ib leeg. Yog hais tias nws yog rhuab, splitting yuav tshwm sim, cov khoom uas yuav carbon dioxide thiab quicklime. Los ntawm dissolving no carbonate thiab carbon monoxide (II) nyob rau hauv dej, calcium bicarbonate yuav tau. Yog tias koj muab cov pa roj carbon thiab calcium carbonate, cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav yog calcium carbide thiab carbon monoxide.
Daim ntawv thov
Cov carbonate no yog cov av nplaum uas peb niaj hnub pom hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib qis thiab qib siab. Lawv kuj ntxuav lub qab nthab, pleev xim ntoo hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab alkalize cov av hauv kev lag luam horticulture.
2. Calcium bicarbonate
Nws yog ntsev ntawm carbonic acid. Has the formula Ca(HCO3)2.
Properties
Dissolute hauv dej, zoo li tag nrho cov hydrocarbons. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ua rau nws nyuaj rau ib ntus. Hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, calcium bicarbonate thiab qee cov ntsev nrog tib cov seem muaj cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tswj xyuas qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntshav.
Tau txais
Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate thiab dej.
Daim ntawv thov
Nws pom muaj nyob hauv cov dej haus, qhov twg nws cov concentration tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 30 txog 400 mg / L.
3. Calcium hydroxide
Formula - Ca(OH)2. Cov tshuaj no yog lub hauv paus muaj zog. Hauv ntau qhov chaw, nws yuav raug hu ua slaked txiv qaub lossis "fluff".
Tau txais
Ua thaum calcium oxide thiab dej sib cuam tshuam.
Properties
Nws muaj cov tsos ntawm cov hmoov dawb, me ntsis soluble hauv dej. Nrog rau qhov nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov kawg, tus lej tus nqi ntawm cov solubility txo qis. Nws kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua qaub, thaum lub sij hawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov calcium ntsev thiab dej tau tsim. Yog tias koj ntxiv carbon dioxide yaj hauv dej rau nws, koj tau txaistag nrho tib cov dej, thiab kuj calcium carbonate. Nrog txuas ntxiv bubbling ntawm CO2, calcium bicarbonate yuav tsim.
Daim ntawv thov
Lawv ntxuav qhov chaw, cov laj kab ntoo, thiab tseem npog cov rafters. Nrog kev pab ntawm no hydroxide, txiv qaub mortar, bleach, tshwj xeeb chiv thiab silicate pob zeb yog npaj, thiab lawv kuj tshem tawm cov carbonate hardness ntawm cov dej (soften tom kawg). Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov khoom no, cov poov tshuaj thiab sodium carbonate yog causticized, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav yog tshuaj tua kab mob, tawv nqaij yog tanned, thiab tej yam kab mob nroj tsuag yog kho. Calcium hydroxide tseem hu ua zaub mov ntxiv E526.
Zoo kawg
Tam sim no koj nkag siab tias vim li cas hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv txiav txim siab los piav txog peb yam khoom no? Tom qab tag nrho, cov tebchaw "sib ntsib" nrog ib leeg thaum lub sij hawm decomposition thiab zus tau tej cov ntawm lawv. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntsig txog, tab sis peb yuav tham txog lawv lwm zaus.
