Txhua tus neeg lossis lub tebchaws, lub tebchaws lossis ib cheeb tsam muaj nws keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua. Ib feem loj ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab monuments yog cov ntaub ntawv - kos duab ntawm lo lus. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws hais tias lub neej thiab lub neej yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug neeg yog reflected, uas ib tug yuav to taub yuav ua li cas cov neeg no nyob rau hauv lub dhau los centuries thiab txawm millennia. Yog li, tej zaum, cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai.
History of Russian Literature
Tsis yog qhov zam, tab sis qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov saum toj no - cov neeg Lavxias. Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj keeb kwm ntev. Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo tau dhau mus txij li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv Russia. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tab tom kawm nws ua qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov piv txwv meej tshaj plaws ntawm kev hais lus muaj tswv yim - pej xeem thiab tus sau. Qee tus neeg txawv teb chaws txawm kawm tshwj xeeb hauv Lavxias, uas tsis suav tias yog hom lus yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb!
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Kev lig kev cai, keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muab faib ua ob peblub sij hawm tseem ceeb. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog ntev heev. Qee qhov yog qhov tseeb dua. Cia wb mus saib lawv.
pre-literary period
Ua ntej yuav coj cov ntseeg Vajtswv (Olga hauv 957, Vladimir hauv 988), tsis muaj lus sau hauv tebchaws Russia. Raws li txoj cai, yog tias tsim nyog, Greek, Latin, Hebrew tau siv. Ntau precisely, nws muaj nws tus kheej, txawm nyob rau hauv pagan lub sij hawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dashes los yog notches ntawm ntoo cim npe los yog sticks (nws hu ua: nta, txiav), tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv monuments tau khaws cia rau nws. Tej hauj lwm (tales, nkauj, epics - feem ntau) tau kis lus.
qub Russian
Lub sijhawm no yog xyoo 11 txog rau xyoo pua 17th - ntev heev. Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm no muaj xws li kev cai dab qhuas thiab secular (keeb kwm) ntawv ntawm Kievan, thiab ces Muscovite Rus. Cov piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim: "Lub Neej ntawm Boris thiab Gleb", "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo" (11-12 centuries), "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Igor Txoj Kev Sib Tw", "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Mamaev Sib Tw", "Zadonshchina" - piav txog lub sij hawm ntawm tus quab, thiab lwm yam.
18th century
Historians hu lub sijhawm no "Lavxias kev nkag siab". Lub hauv paus ntawm classical paj huam thiab prose yog nteg los ntawm xws li zoo creators thiab cov kws qhia ntawv li Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin thiab Karamzin. Raws li txoj cai, lawv txoj haujlwm yog ntau yam, thiab tsis txwv rau ib qho ntawv, tab sis txuas mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab lwm yam kev kos duab. Cov lus sau ntawm lub sijhawm no yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis rau kev nkag siab, vim nws siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg nyob. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis nrespom cov duab thiab kev xav ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv zoo ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Yog li Lomonosov niaj hnub nrhiav kev hloov kho cov lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom nws yog hom lus ntawm kev xav thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab tawm tswv yim txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab pej xeem.
Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th
Lub sijhawm no hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv yog "golden age". Lub sijhawm no, cov ntaub ntawv, keeb kwm, lus Lavxias nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb arena. Tag nrho cov no tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau kev hloov kho kev txawj ntse ntawm Pushkin, uas tau qhia cov lus Lavxias raws li peb tau txais kev pom zoo rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Griboyedov thiab Lermontov, Gogol thiab Turgenev, Tolstoy thiab Chekhov, Dostoevsky thiab ntau lwm tus kws sau ntawv ua li no golden clip. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau tau tsim los ntawm lawv mus ib txhis suav nrog cov classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab ntawm lo lus.
Hnub Nyoog
Lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm luv luv - tsuas yog los ntawm 1890 txog 1921. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm turbulent ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab kiv puag ncig, muaj zog flowering ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam tshwm sim, bold thwmsim nyob rau hauv kos duab raws li ib tug tag nrho tshwm sim. Blok thiab Bryusov, Gumilev thiab Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva thiab Mayakovsky, Yesenin thiab Gorky, Bunin thiab Kuprin yog cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws.
Soviet era thiab niaj hnub nim no
Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, 1991 yog qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet. Thiab txij li xyoo 1991 mus txog rau niaj hnub no - lub sijhawm tshiab tshaj plaws, uas twb tau muab cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tshiab nthuav tawm, tab sis cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav txiav txim siab qhov no nrog qhov tseeb dua.
