Peb cov lus muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nplua nuj heev. Ib tug neeg sau tias: "Nyob zoo, koj nyob li cas?" Thiab ib tug neeg: "Zoo heev, zoo, lub neej hluas li cas?". Ib tug neeg hauv kev hais lus sim siv cov lus nruab nrab, thiab ib tus neeg, tsis muaj hesitation, siv cov lus sib tham. Tab sis yog dab tsi? Colloquial thiab colloquial vocabulary yog ib txheej loj ntawm cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws muaj dab tsi, nws tsim li cas, nws txawv ntawm stylistically nruab nrab lossis bookish, koj yuav kawm los ntawm kab lus no siv cov piv txwv yooj yim thiab nkag siab.
Cov lus hais lus thiab lus sib tham yog dab tsi? Piv txwv ntawm cov lus sib tham
Cov lus ntawm cov lus sib tham muaj xws li cov lus uas muab kev hais lus dawb. Muab piv rau cov lus sau, nws raug txiav txim siab txo qis.
Cov lus sib dhos - cov lus nrog cov lus txo qis qis.
mug, ntawm no, muzzle, obtuse, Svenovsky, shipper, decree, granny, nonsense, carrion, nyiam, gopnik, tsiaj reptile, dike, butch.
Kev xav xim ntawm cov lus sib tham
Koj puas tau pom tias peb cov lus hais yog li cas? Koj puas tau xav tias yog vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau cov duab hauv nws? Lub siab xav ntawm ntau cov lus sib tham yog tsim los ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm lawv lub ntsiab lus: vinaigrette (kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tswv yim sib txawv), lo (tsis tu ncua lo nrog ib yam dab tsi), kennel (qhuav, chav qias neeg), ntauwd (tus txiv neej siab), sib ntaus sib tua (Suab hais lus tsis sib haum), zaj npauj npaim (mobile girl, girl).
Tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov kev hais lus sib tham tuaj yeem qhia txog kev ntsuas kev xav. Cov lus sib tham tsis muaj lub peev xwm no: khawm, tuav, tiag tiag, mus tsev, tuaj ntawm no, tus neeg ua haujlwm, dej qab zib, tsis tso, rov ua dua, haus luam yeeb, tam sim ntawd, ntshai, nyiam, kws ntoo, thiab lwm yam.
Cov lus hais dab tsi yog dab tsi? Nws hom
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qee cov kab lus uas feem ntau siv hauv peb cov lus tsis yog lus. Piv txwv li, lo lus "niam" tsis yog lo lus, tab sis stylistically nruab nrab, tsis zoo li nws lwm daim ntawv - "niam". Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv lawv? Cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab tsis zoo li " txawv teb chaws" hauv phau ntawv styles.
Ntau pab pawg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus sib tham:
- Slang.
- Argo vocabulary.
- Neologisms.
- cov lus tshaj lij.
- Slang.
- Dialectisms.
Slang vocabulary (slang) - cov lus siv los ntawm lub voj voog nqaimcov neeg koom nrog ib yam dab tsi. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus sib tham hauv jargon: gerych (heroin), hnub yug (hnub yug), chocolate (hauv kev sib raug zoo), bodyaga (ntev, tedious sib tham), paddle (dawb), lave (nyiaj), golimy (ruam), nishtyak (zoo), hamster (browser homepage).
Vocabulary slang (argotisms) - cov lus lossis cov lus qhia ntawm ib pawg neeg kaw. Tshooj lus ntawm cov lus no tau tsim ua tsaug rau kev sib tham hauv tsev loj cuj lossis chaw pw hav zoov, cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau sim cais ntau li ntau tau. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais thiab cov lus sib tham ntawm cov lus sib cav: blot (tub sab), tramp (raug txhaum cai), tus neeg saib xyuas / cyric (tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw kaw neeg), hma daim pib (daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tso tawm), thauj khoom (ua pov thawj), drek (tsis muaj tseeb, yam tsis muaj nqis), sting/sharpening (lub ntsej muag), nas (nyem ntawm nws tus kheej), malyava (note), murka (ntseeg), lean rov qab (dawb koj tus kheej).
Neologisms yog cov kab lus tsim los piav txog cov xwm txheej tshiab, feem ntau qiv. Vim muaj ntau cov lus qhia tshiab, neologisms sai sai poob lawv cov xwm txheej thiab ua ib feem ntawm cov lus nquag. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais: hype (hype), thoob khib nyiab (ib yam dab tsi txaus ntshai), demisexual (tus neeg uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog ib tus neeg nyob ze), riter (sau ntawv), thab plaub (thawj, hem, thab plaub).
Professionalisms - cov lus siv tsuas yog hauv qee txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais: blunder (typo), kauj tsheb (steering log), saucepan (synchrophasotron), stick (fluorography), load-200 (tua tub rog), zaj duab xis(ECG), tuberculosis, physio (saline).
Slang - cov lus thiab kab lus siv los ntawm cov neeg ntawm qee yam haujlwm lossis pawg hnub nyoog. Piv txwv li: kais / stipukha (scholarship), dorm (tsev so), tails (cov nuj nqis kawm), shipper / khub (xav txog ib tug neeg ua khub, nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias lawv yog ib khub niam txiv tiag tiag), sib tsoo (khoom plig ntawm kev qhuas), stanit/fanate (hlub ib co neeg nto moo, ua ib tug kiv cua), academy (kawm so), spurs (crib sheets), clave (keyboard), DR (hnub yug).
Dialectisms yog cov kab lus uas nws siv tau txwv rau qee thaj chaw. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus sib tham ntawm cov lus hais: balyak / gutarit (hais lus), beetroot (beetroot), kochet (rooster), zenki (ob lub qhov muag), shaberka (neeg zej zog), popelitsa (tshauv), dezhka (ntoo chim), puag (yard), kryga (floe), gomonok (purse).
Derivation
Tab sis cov lus hais lus tsis yog ua tsaug rau cov lus tshiab lossis cov ntsiab lus tshiab. Feem ntau, cov lus qub los ntawm phau ntawv hais lus yooj yim tig mus rau hauv cov lus sib tham vim muaj ntau txoj hauv kev sib koom ua ke: sliders, menyuam tsis muaj tsev nyob, microwave, chav haus luam yeeb, xov tooj ntawm tes; Cov ntawv luv: IMHO (Kuv muaj kev xav, Kuv xav hais nws), BUR (kev ruaj ntseg barrack); thiab morphemic units:
- Suffix -yag- tramp, goner, dude, hard worker.
- Suffix -hedgehog- hubbub, whining, cramming.
- Txhim kho hauv-_- ib zaug maj mam, maj mam.
- Suffix -isch- hnab, hniav, miv.
- Ntau yam diminutive suffixes -k-, -ek-, -ik-,-ok- tub, fungus, me.
Zoo kawg
Tam sim no koj paub tias lo lus dab tsi yog lo lus, koj tau pom cov piv txwv ntawm nws. Tom qab nyeem ntawv, sim ua raws li koj cov lus: koj puas siv cov lus no ntau heev? Tsawg ntawm lawv hauv koj cov lus, qhov zoo dua. Tab sis cov lus no tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm koj cov lus. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav ua li cas thiaj ntseeg tau tus neeg thab plaub uas koj ntsib qhov chaw hauv txoj kev uas koj lub xov tooj thiab lub hnab nyiaj yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws li?
