Ntau tus neeg pom cov kev tshawb fawb philological ua ib yam dab tsi tsis meej thiab tsis meej. Lawv paub tias cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm ntawm cov lus, tab sis lawv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxiv. Thiab tsuas yog cov neeg kawm tiav los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology tuaj yeem raug thiab nthuav qhia txhua yam ntawm kev hais lus.
Science concept
Philology yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog kev ntseeg ntawm tib neeg, tshuaj xyuas lawv cov kev sau ntawv, nkag siab kom meej cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom lus, thiab tom qab ntawd sau cov kev paub tau txais mus rau hauv ib qho tag nrho.
Nws paub tias cov ntawv sau yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg. Thawj qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus hais txog cov lus nyuaj pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus, cov lus cog tseg, thiab cov ntawv sau kev ntseeg. Homer yog thawj tus uas tau tshuaj xyuas nws cov ntawv.
Philology suav nrog ntau yam kev kawm, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv koom nrog nws tus kheej ceg. Romano-Germanic philology, piv txwv li, yog qhov dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, raws li nws txheeb xyuas cov lus Romance thiab Germanic.yam lus.
Cov lus Romance suav nrog:
- Fabkis;
- Italian;
- Spanish thiab lwm yam.
Pab pawg neeg German yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov kev kawm Askiv thiab German, yog ib hom lus tshaj plaws niaj hnub no.
keeb kwm kev tsim kho
Philological sciences tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, rov qab rau hauv Ancient Greece. Ua ntej muaj lawv tshwm sim, ces txoj kev loj hlob (thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog), thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance - flowering nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov quab yuam. Lub tswv yim ntawm "philology" pib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Tom qab ntawd nws tsuas yog hais txog cov ceg ntoo classic, tom qab ntawd Slavic ib tug tom qab sawv. Tus tsim ntawm ceg Slavic yog tus kws tshawb fawb Czech Dobrovsky Yosef.
Nws yooj yim to taub qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas qhov kev loj hlob ntawm philology pib. Cov neeg nyob sab Europe tau txaus siab rau lawv lub teb chaws cov hauv paus hniav, qhov chaw, kev loj hlob tiam sis. Qhov no tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev tsim lub ntiaj teb kev xav romantic nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Turkish invaders.
Raws li lwm hom kev tshawb fawb: txhua tus ntawm lawv kawm txog qee yam kev lag luam thiab cov neeg cuam tshuam nrog qhov tob tob. Muaj ntau lub koom haum pej xeem hauv ntiaj teb uas koom nrog hauv ib qho laj thawj, sib sau ua ke ntawm qee lub sijhawm thiab pauv lawv cov kev ua tiav.
Complex Sciences
Yuav kom nkag siab tob txog qhov philology ua li cas, nws tsim nyog nthuav tawm cov kev tshawb fawb philological twg yog nws cov khoom xyaw:
- Linguistics. Lub npe thib ob yog linguistics, uas kawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, nws txoj haujlwm, qauv.
- Literary criticism. Tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tib neeg.
- Nkauj Hmoob. Folk art, folklore, myths and legends yog lub ntsiab ntawm kev kawm.
- Textology. Lub hom phiaj ntawm nws txoj kev mloog yog cov haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv, keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tsos thiab txoj hmoo ntxiv.
- Plaeography. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no kawm txog cov ntawv sau thaum ub, lawv cov qauv, qauv, lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, kev tshawb fawb philological kawm lus los ntawm txhua qhov ua tau.
Ntaus philologists
Leej twg yog tus kws kho mob? Nws yog ib tug linguist. Daim duab no kawm txog qhov tob ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb, kos cov lus xaus txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg uas hais nws. Lavxias teb sab philologists ua ib tug loj pab rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
- Lomonosov M. V. yog tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yog ib tug thawj coj ntawm cov style ntawm cov lus. Qhov peb tam sim no paub txog qee qhov ntawm kev hais lus yog qhov zoo ntawm Mikhail Vasilievich. Ua ib tug kws sau paj huam, nws tau tsim lub hauv paus rau ntau hom.
- Vostokov A. Kh. kawm tshwj xeeb cov qauv sau ntawv thiab tau sau ntau phau ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus no.
- Potebnya A. A. kawm lus Lavxias thiab Ukrainian, them nyiaj ntau rau cov qauv sau ntawv.
- Peshkovsky A. M. singled tawm intonation hauv kev hais lus raws li grammaticalib lub cuab tam uas pab qhia kev xav kom raug.
- Shcherba L. V. yog tus nrhiav pom cov lus ntawm lub xeev qeb thiab tham txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub npe thiab cov lus qhia hauv kab lus.
- Vinogradov V. V. kawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Sau ntau phau ntawv hais txog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov lus Lavxias siv hauv lawv cov ntawv sau los ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau lexicology thiab phraseology ntawm cov lus yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Karamzin N. M. tau koom nrog kev kawm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias teb sab lus, ho coj los ze zog cov ntaub ntawv thiab colloquial style ntawm kev sib txuas lus.
- Dal V. I. paub txhua leej txhua tus raws li tus sau phau ntawv txhais lus Loj, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhia qhov tob ntawm nws txoj kev kawm lus Lavxias.
YShakhmatov A. A. kawm keeb kwm ntawm hom lus. Sau ob peb daim ntawv hais txog cov lus Lavxias teb sab lus.
YUshakov D. N. kawm spelling, lexicology, dialectology. Sau 4 phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia uas muaj 90,000 nkag. Ua hauj lwm rau qhov project no tau mus rau 6 xyoo.
Philology ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus
Lavxias teb sab philology yog ib feem ntawm cov Slavic loj loj uas kawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab lawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Rov qab rau xyoo pua 17th, kev sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau thaum ub tau pib los ntawm suav Rumyantsev.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, Lomonosov tau sau ob phau ntawv nto moo ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov lus hauv pawg ntseeg, uas txuas ntxiv kev kawm ntawm stylistics. Txog rau tam sim no, Lavxias teb sab philologists tsis tso tseg ua haujlwm, txuas ntxiv mus txheeb xyuas ntau yam, cov lus thiab cov kab lus. Tsuas yog tam sim no lawv twb yog cov neeg niaj hnub uas tsis yog sau cov haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj qhia lawv cov kev tshawb pom nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, feem ntauphilologists ua haujlwm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb.
Ntiaj teb Philology
ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb no yog tsom rau kev kawm ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws, lawv keeb kwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam kev sau ntawv, kev ua haujlwm raug kawm kom ntxaws, kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntawm cov qauv thiab cov lus yog tsim, kev paub uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub peev xwm hais lus thiab nkag siab tus neeg hais lus ntawm hom lus uas tau kawm. Lub luag haujlwm loj yog muab rau kev xyaum txhais lus.
Koj tuaj yeem kawm cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv, qauv sau ntawv thiab xov tooj tau ntev, tab sis tsis muaj kev cob qhia hais lus, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus thiab txhais tau raug.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau tus kws kho mob
Koj tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus kws tshawb fawb thiab mob siab rau koj tus kheej rau kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws los ntawm kev cuv npe hauv Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology. Muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv muab cov kev tshwj xeeb no. Qee tus ntawm lawv muaj cov chaw haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog cov ceg sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus: nws tuaj yeem yog Slavic, Indo-European, Romano-Germanic philology.
Xaiv txoj kev taw qhia, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej yam lus thiab cov neeg uas nws nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nws sab ntsuj plig yuav txaus siab kawm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws philological faculties nyob rau hauv Russia yog nto moo rau xws li cov tsev kawm ntawv xws li:
- Moscow State University;
- Russian State University rau Humanities;
- Nizhny Novgorod State University muaj npe tom qab Dobrolyubov;
- Southern Federal University;
- Pyatigorsk Linguistic State University;
- Moscow State Linguistic University.
IrkutskLinguistic State University;
Nov yog ib daim ntawv teev npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Tab sis tseem muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv lwm lub tsev kawm qib siab uas koj tuaj yeem kawm koj txoj kev nyiam.
