Kev qhia yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov lus ntawm lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus rau hauv qeb ntawm cov npe. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no, cov lus tau tsim nrog cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub npe.
Qhov kev xav, ib feem ntawm kev hais lus tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub npe, tab sis ntau zaus qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov npe thiab cov koom nrog.
Nyob ntawm substantiation
Thaum koj niaj hnub siv qee lub npe hauv peb cov lus, koj tsis quav ntsej txog qhov tseeb tias lawv yog cov npe ib zaug. Los ntawm adjective ntawm cov lus no, tsuas yog lawv daim ntawv tseem nyob. Cov yam ntxwv grammatical, thiab feem ntau lub ntsiab lus lexical, ntawm cov npe qub hloov pauv. Hom substantivation no hu ua "full substantivation". Cov ntsiab lus tsis tiav yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus tam sim no, hauv ib qhoCov ntsiab lus tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tus npe.
Ib qho lus qhia yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv zoo sib xws (grammatical thiab semantic) thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus. Substantiated adjectives nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv scientific kuj muaj lub ntsiab lus "substantives". Xws li adjectives nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si thiab qee zaus.
Adjectives definitively converted rau nouns
Nrog tag nrho cov lus pom zoo, cov lus qhia tuaj yeem hloov mus ua lub npe thaum kawg, uas yog, cov lus no tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov kab lus uas lawv yuav ua raws li kev pom zoo txhais. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais hauv Lavxias yog cov lus xws li "kab", "tus kws tsim qauv", "ntiaj teb", "bridge", thiab lwm yam. Cov lus no muaj ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab tus lej.
Usual substantive adjective
pawg lus no yog tsim los ntawm cov lus uas siv tau ob qho tib si ua cov npe thiab cov npe txheeb ze. Piv txwv li:
- mob yog tus mob;
- home - tsev khau khiab;
- ua haujlwm tag nrho, thiab lwm yam
Ib txwm siv cov lus qhia tau raug kho nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia, qhov twg poj niam txiv neej ntawm lo lus no tau qhia. Ntawm pawg no ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawvpawg thematic:
- Person (tub rog, paub, thov khawv, kws tshawb fawb, hav zoov).
- Chav (chaw tsev, chav dej, chaw kuaj xyuas, chav ua haujlwm).
- Tshuaj (laxative, antipyretic, hypnotic).
- Document (khoom plig, waybill).
- Abstract concept (yav dhau los, zoo nkauj, tsim nyog, dhau los).
Qee lub sij hawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Qee lub sij hawm cov ntsiab lus, vim lawv cov yam ntxwv stylistic, yog siv tau zoo hauv kev hais lus:
Lawv nug peb li cas ua lus Askiv?
Cov lus no yog tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov npe hauv kab lus. Hauv phau ntawv txhais lus, tsis zoo li ib txwm muaj, hom adjectives no tsis tau sau tseg.
Ntawm cov ntsiab lus qee zaus, cov pab pawg hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Face (Cov neeg zos maj nrawm rau lub npav. Tus yau tsis xav mus pw.).
- Institutions (Sab laug Sklifosovsky. tig mus rau Technological.).
- Color (Hair dyed yellow. Poj niam dub.).
- Language (Fabkis, German, Polish).
grammatical pawg ntawm ib lub npe tau txais los ntawm cov npe uas muaj npe
Raws li koj paub, xws li grammatical pawg xws li poj niam txiv neej thiab tus lej rau cov npe tsis sib xws. Nrog rau kev lees paub, qeb ntawm poj niam txiv neej rau adjectives ua tas mus li. Piv txwv li:
- chav noj mov (feminine);
- aspic (neuter);
- mob (txiv neej);
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Qee zaum, qeb ntawm tus lej kuj ua tsis tau. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav yog cov lus xws li "domestic" (plural), "jellied" (singular). Zoo li cov npe, lawv ua raws li cov lus txhais hauv ib kab lus. Piv txwv li:
- kuv lub tsev;
- mob hnyav.
Cov lus qhia paub tseeb tuaj yeem ua ke nrog tag nrho thiab cov lej sib sau. Piv txwv li:
- peb xa khoom;
- ob daim nqi.
Syntactic functions muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub npe kuj yog yam ntxwv ntawm substantiated adjectives:
- Subject ("Kuv tsev neeg nyiam haus tshuaj yej nrog cherry jam thaum yav tsaus ntuj".).
- Ntxiv ("Tus kws kho mob tau sau lub txaj so rau tus neeg mob".).
Kev tsis lees paub qhov kev lees paub yog cov lus qhia.
