Hauv kev lag luam, tau txais caprolactam los ntawm benzene yog suav tias yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws. Cia peb xav txog qhov nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kev tsim khoom no, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke.
Synthesis nta
Nyob hauv cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis muaj cov hydrogenation ntawm benzene rau cycloalkane (nrog platinum lossis nickel-chromium catalyst, kub 220 ° C). Lub cyclohexane tsim thaum lub sij hawm oxidation yog hloov mus rau cyclohexanone ntawm 0.9-1.1 MPa, 140-160 ° C. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm dehydrogenation ntawm chromium-zinc catalysts (nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm alkali), nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv oxime. Nyob rau theem kawg, cyclohexanone oxime yog kho nrog oleum los yog concentrated sulfuric acid, tig mus rau hauv caprolactam (synthesis kub - 60-120 ° C).
txheej txheem nta
Qhov feem pua ntawm caprolactam tau txais los ntawm txoj kev piav qhia? Qhov tseeb,cov khoom tawm los yog 66-68 feem pua. Tias yog vim li cas lwm yam kev siv tshuab tau tsim. Hauv particular, photochemical synthesis, uas 86-88% yog tso tawm los ntawm photochemical nitrosation ntawm cyclohexane rau caprolactam nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm UV irradiation.
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, caprolactam kuj yog tsim los ntawm toluene, oxidizing nws ntawm 165 ° C (ntawm platinum catalyst), tom qab ntawd los ntawm nitrosation ntawm qhov tshwm sim carboxylic acid cyclohexane rau hauv crude caprolactam.
Dab tsi yog caprolactam tau los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev tau teev tseg saum toj no? Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib yam khoom uas muaj impurities. Ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm lawv siv ion txauv resins, ces distilled. Ib qho los ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm no yog ammonium sulfate, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntxhia chiv.
Khoom caprolactam yog thauj hauv cov hnab ntawv ntau lub hnab, thiab cov khoom ua kua yog thauj hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshwj xeeb nrog cov cua sov ntxiv. Tam sim no, cov khoom no tau txais los ntawm benzene, phenol, toluene.
Basic nta
Dab tsi ua rau caprolactam txawv? Cov khoom ntawm no heterocyclic compound tsim nyog rau kev txiav txim siab. Nws yog cov khoom siv dawb crystalline nrog zoo solubility hauv dej, ether, cawv, benzene. Cua sov nws nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm amines, cawv thiab dej ua rau lub polymerization ntawm caprolactam rau hauv ib tug polyamide resin. Nws yog cov khoom no uas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov polymer. Yog li, nws yog caprolactam uas ua raws li monomer rau cov txheej txheem.polymerization yog dab tsi? Lo lus no txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem tau txais cov khoom - capron los ntawm monomer.
Applications
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom yog dab tsi? Vim li cas caprolactam tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj? Nws daim ntawv thov yog ntau haiv neeg. Nws yog tsim nyog rau polyamide films, engineering daim hlau. Hauv cov ntim tsawg, nws yog siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lysine thiab polyurethane. Vim li cas caprolactam thiaj li nrov? Nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no organic compound yog siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rau cov xim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm hluavtaws tawv, plasticizers.
Kev siv khoom los ntawm kev lag luam
Cov kev lag luam niaj hnub twg xav tau caprolactam? Nws yog dab tsi - kapron? Cov lus nug no raug txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv chav kawm ntawm organic chemistry. Muaj kev thov rau cov khoom no hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov ntim siab tshaj plaws yog siv rau kev tsim cov polyamide fibers thiab threads, nrog rau kev tsim cov niaj hnub engineering yas (li 60% - rau fibers thiab threads, txog 34% - rau kev tsim cov yas engineering). Cov khoom siv raw uas tseem tshuav yog siv los tsim cov khoom ntim, ntau yam khoom siv rau kev huv huv.
Polyamide fibers xav tau rau kev tsim khoom ntawm textiles, industrial yarns, ntaub pua plag. Nws yog cov khoom no uas tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam hauv cov khoom lag luam polymer.
cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Pub resin tseem xav tau hauv kev tsim cov yas engineering. Nws yog ib feemrau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv tsheb. Oriented polyamide zaj duab xis yog cov khoom siv dav siv hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom. Caprolactam kuj tseem siv rau hauv nws qhov chaw tsim khoom.
Lysine yog dab tsi? Cia peb nyob ntawm cov khoom no me ntsis ntxiv. Lysine yog ib qho amino acid uas tib neeg xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj no ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Cov tshuaj synthesis ntawm lysine los ntawm caprolactam los ntawm ntau theem ua tiav yog ib qho kev siv tshuab uas tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom no. Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm thiab txo nws cov nqi.
Summarize
Ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm caprolactam, polyamide fibers thiab resins yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Hauv particular, capron kuj tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no. Qhov no polymer yog indispensable nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw lag luam. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering, phais tshuaj, tshuaj ntau lawm, ntsuas ntsuas. Nws yog los ntawm cov nylon uas cov kab zoo rau niaj hnub parachutes, hlua, hlua, ntau yam nuv ntses tackle, hlua rau cov twj paj nruag, khaub ncaws, thiab cov khoom ua si yog tsim.
Ntau tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric tau los ntawm caprolactam piav qhia qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb no. Yog, lub zogkapron threads yog kaum npaug ntau dua li lo lo ntxhuav, 50 npaug ntau dua li viscose. Rau kev tsim cov polymers, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo raw khoom siv xwb.
Yog vim li cas thiaj li tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub no tau them rau kev ua kom huv ua ntej ntawm caprolactam los ntawm cov impurities ntxiv (plua plav, noo noo). Txwv tsis pub, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau suav tau qhov xav tau zoo capron.
Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev tsim cov yas thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau nce ntau. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tsim los ntawm caprolactam. Qhov kev thov rau cov tebchaw no hauv kev tsim kho tshuab thiab kev tsim kho tseem loj tuaj.
