Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus no yuav yog lus Askiv prepositions, tshwj xeeb, qhia qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm kev hais lus yog, qhov twg thiab siv nws li cas, ntau yam thiab nuances ntawm kev siv prepositions muaj nyob - koj tuaj yeem paub txog txhua qhov no.
Vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau
Prepositions hauv lus Askiv yog cov lus ua haujlwm uas tso cai rau koj los txuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus thiab ua kom nws lub ntsiab lus meej dua thiab tshwj xeeb.
Prepositions raug muab tso ua ntej ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus: lub npe, lus, adjectives thiab txawm gerunds. Lo lus uas ua raws li preposition yog hu ua complement rau nws. Tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb yam ntxiv nyob rau hauv ib kab lus hais txog ib qho preposition. Piv txwv li:
Muaj ib lub rooj me me nruab nrab ntawm lub rooj zaum thiab lub thawv ntawv
Kab lus no yuav txheeb xyuas qhov nthuav dav ntawm qhov chaw (lus Askiv). Cov lus qhia rau kev nco txog cov khoom siv grammatical feem ntau yog ua raws li kev sau hauv qhov khoob lossis xaiv qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog los ntawm obpeb lub tswv yim. Feem ntau, lub ntsiab lus no tsis nyuaj, yog tias koj them sai sai rau kev xyaum. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ib ce, tag nrho cov prepositions, lawv siv thiab txhais ua lus Lavxias teb sab yuav maj mam nco ntsoov. Tam sim no cia peb los saib lub ntsiab lus no.
Ntau yam
Prepositions ntawm qhov chaw hauv lus Askiv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg. Cov no yog synonymous thiab anonymous (lawv yuav tham tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm), nrog rau qhov yooj yim, complex thiab compound.
Cov lus qhia yooj yim yog cov uas muaj ib feem. Piv txwv li: hauv, rau, ntawm, tawm.
Complex prepositions ntawm qhov chaw hauv lus Askiv yog tsim los ntawm compounding. Lawv muaj ob peb qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv: nruab nrab, saum toj, ib sab, puag ncig.
Compound prepositions yog cov uas muaj ob lossis peb lo lus cais. Piv txwv: pem hauv ntej.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav kawm ntxiv txog dab tsi prepositions qhia qhov chaw thiab txhais ua lus Lavxias.
Prepositions of place in English: table
| preposition |
Kev txhais lus |
Example |
| over | Daim duab yog dai saum lub rooj. - Karina dai saum lub rooj. | |
| ncig | hla; ntawm lwm sab | Muaj ib lub khw hla txoj kev. - Muaj ib lub khw hla txoj kev. |
| against | opposite | Muaj ib lub khw tawm tsam kuv lub tsev. - Muaj ib lub khw nyob pem kuv lub tsev. |
| moob | nrog; nruab nrab | Koj puas pom kuv ntawm daim duab nrog lwm tus? - Koj puas tuaj yeem pom kuv hauv daim duab nrog lwm tus? |
| at | at, ze, txog; hauv, ntawm | Nws sawv ntawm phab ntsa. - Nws sawv ntawm phab ntsa. |
| ua ntej | ua ntej | Muaj ib lub rooj kas fes ua ntej lub rooj zaum. - Muaj ib lub rooj kas fes nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub rooj zaum. |
| qab | qab | Nws zaum tom qab kuv. - Nws zaum tom qab kuv. |
| hauv | qab | Kuv nyob saum lub dav hlau thiab pom huab hauv qab no. - Kuv nyob saum lub dav hlau thiab kuv pom huab hauv qab no. |
| ib | ze, ncig | Tsis txhob txhawj, kuv nyob ntawm koj ib sab. "Tsis txhob txhawj, Kuv nyob ntawm koj ib sab. |
| rau; ntawm lwm sab | Nws dhau qhov kuv nkag siab. - Qhov no dhau qhov kuv nkag siab. | |
| by | at, ze, ib sab | Nrog kuv tsev nyob ntawm tus dej. - Nov yog kuv lub tsev nyob ntawm tus dej. |
| qab | Kuv nyobhauv qab txoj kev. - Kuv nyob ntawm txoj kev. | |
| in | in, ntawm |
Muab koj cov ntawv tso rau hauv lub hnab. - Muab cov ntawv tso rau hauv lub hnab. |
| ua ntej | Kuv pom lub khw ntawm kuv xub ntiag. - Kuv tuaj yeem pom ib lub khw rau pem hauv ntej. | |
| inside | inside | Dab tsi hauv koj lub hnab ris? - Dab tsi hauv koj lub hnab ris? |
| ze | ze, ncig | Kuv sawv ze ntawm lub pas dej. - Kuv sawv ntawm lub pas dej. |
| next to | ze (in a row) | Kuv chav nyob ib sab ntawm koj li. - Kuv chav nyob ib sab ntawm (tom ntej tom qab) koj li. |
| on | rau | Tus miv nyob ntawm lub rooj zaum. - Tus miv nyob ntawm lub rooj zaum. |
| outside | outside | Nws txias sab nraum. - Nws txias sab nraum (sab nraum). |
| over | over | Cov noog ya hla teb. - Cov noog ya saum teb. |
| ncig | ncig | Muaj cov rooj zaum puag ncig lub rooj. - Muaj cov rooj zaum nyob ib ncig ntawm lub rooj. |
| under | under | Aub nyob hauv qab txaj. - Tus dev nyob hauv qab txaj. |
| up | top | Lub tsev fuabtais nce toj. - Castle on the Hill |
ruaj khov ua ke
Qee cov lus Askiv prepositions ntawm qhov chaw yog siv ua ke nrog qee cov lus. Piv txwv li:
- hauv txoj kev
- ntawm lub rooj
- nyob rau hauv lub hnub
- at home - at home;
- ua haujlwm
- at school
Koj tuaj yeem pom tias hauv peb kis dhau los tsis muaj cov khoom siv. Cov kev xaiv no twb muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum xa mus rau ib qho chaw, preposition ntawm feem ntau yog siv. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov xwm txheej thaum nws tsuas yog chav tsev uas txhais tau tias, thiab tsis yog nws lub hom phiaj. Sib piv:
Kuv kawm tom tsev kawm ntawv. - Kuv nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Muaj ntaiv loj hauv tsev kawm ntawv. - Lub tsev kawm ntawv (tsev kawm ntawv) muaj ib tug ntaiv loj.
Synonymous prepositions
Prepositions of place in English can be synonymous with ib leeg. Tej zaum koj twb pom lawv ib txhia hauv lub rooj lawm.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev hais "ze":
- ze;
- nej mus;
- ib nrab.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tawm tsam" tuaj yeem hais:
- pem hauv ntej;
- against;
- pab.
Meaning "inside" muaj prepositions:
- in;
- inside.
Kev siv cov ntsiab lus no nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab lo lus (ua tiav) uas qhov kev pabcuam ntawm kev hais lus hais txog.
Antonymous prepositions
Prepositions ntawm qhov chaw hauv lus Askiv kuj tuaj yeem qhia cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Cov lus zoo li no yooj yim heev kom nco qab ua khub:
- ua ntej - qab (hauv ntej - qab);
- hauv ntej − dhau (ua ntej − dhau);
- saum - hauv qab (saum toj, saum toj - hauv qab, hauv qab);
- over − under (dhau − under);
- up - down (sab saum toj - hauv qab);
- inside - sab nraud (sab hauv - sab nraud).
Txoj kev siv prepositions
1. Lub preposition hauv txhais tau tias nyob hauv qhov chaw txwv:
- hauv kuv chav
- hauv koj lub hnab
Kuj siv los qhia qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj chaw thaj chaw, lub tebchaws, nroog, lossis txoj kev:
- hauv Tebchaws Europe;
- hauv Scotland;
- in Paris;
- hauv Green Street.
2. Lub preposition ntawm qhia tias muaj ib yam khoom ntawm kab rov tav:
- rau hauv pem teb
- ntawm lub rooj
Tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib txuas ruaj khov, piv txwv li:
ntawm nplooj 5 - ntawm nplooj 5
Tsis tas li, cov lus qhia ntawm yog siv los qhia sab:
- ntawm sab xis;
- ntawm sab laug.
3. Lub preposition ntawm tuaj yeem txhais tau tias nyob ib sab ntawm lwm yam khoom:
- ntawm lub qhov rooj
- ntawm lub rooj
Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhais tau tias nyob hauv chav uas muaj qee yam kev ua, hauv ib lub zos me lossis ntawm qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb:
- ntawm xinesmas
- at Makeevka - hauv Makeevka;
- at 27 Green Street - at 27 Green Street.
In British thiab American English
thaj chaw thiab kab lis kev cai sib txawv tawm ntawm lawv cov cim ntawm lus Askiv. Cov qauv sau ntawv (prepositions of place and directions, auxiliary verbs, thiab feem ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim kab lus) yuav txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm seb hom lus no yog Askiv lossis Asmeskas. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov sib txawv no:
- round (Brit.) - ncig (Amer.);
- at school/college/university/church (British and Amer.) - hauv tsev kawm ntawv/college/university/church (Amer. only);
- hauv txoj kev (UK) - ntawm txoj kev (Amer.).
Nco ntsoov tias ib qho kev nco txog cov lus hais ua ntej tsis muab qhov tshwm sim pom tau. Koj yuav tsum xyaum siv cov ntu no ntawm kev hais lus, siv cov qauv sau ntawv, kev siv xov xwm thiab siv yam koj tau kawm hauv kev hais lus (teb cov lus nug, ua kev sib tham, thiab lwm yam) rau qhov no.
