Cov lus ua lus Askiv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Cov neeg uas tsawg kawg yog me ntsis paub txog cov qauv grammatical ntawm cov lus no tau paub zoo tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov kab lus Askiv tseeb yam tsis muaj qhov ua piv txwv. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim lub hauv paus grammatical ntawm kab lus. Txawm tias thaum siv lub siab xav - qhov no tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej thaum cov ntsiab lus hauv lus Askiv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm - qhov kev xav tau tseem nyob thiab ua raws li "lub hauv paus" rau tag nrho lub tswv yim uas tus hais lus lossis tus kws sau ntawv sim qhia.
Raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lub predicate nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yuav ua tau nominal los yog hais lus, yooj yim los yog compound. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev siv txhua yam ntawm no, koj yuav tsum tau saib ntawm txhua qhov sib cais.
Kev qhia yooj yim predicate
Ntawm no yog thawj qhov lus Askiv uas tus neeg pib kawm ntawv Askiv tau ntsib. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim tauxws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm hom-temporal cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem nthuav qhia yuav luag txhua qhov kev xav lossis lub tswv yim yooj yim, tham txog qee qhov xwm txheej uas twb tau tshwm sim, tab tom tshwm sim lossis yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Rau qhov kev hais lus yooj yim, lub sijhawm ua lus Askiv sib txawv, txhais cov ntsiab lus suav nrog hauv qhov no heev. Yog li ntawd, rau lub tenses ntawm qeb Yooj yim, thaum tsim ib tug predicate, tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus qhia, hloov nyob rau hauv raws li txoj cai, yog txaus. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev tsim, nrog rau cov lus nug thiab kev tsis pom zoo, ib lo lus yooj yim hais lus hauv lus Askiv yuav suav nrog ib lossis ntau qhov kev pabcuam thiab cov lus tsis yog.
Piv txwv ntawm cov lus qhia yooj yim predicate
Raws li tau hais dhau los, nws tsuas yog muaj cov lus qhia tseem ceeb:
- Nws tshwm sim nag hmo - Nws tshwm sim nag hmo.
- Nws nyeem cov phau ntawv nthuav - Nws nyeem cov phau ntawv nthuav.
Los ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab pabcuam:
- Koj puas yuav kuv? - Koj puas yuav kuv?
- Tus tub no ua si - Tus tub no ua si.
Los ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus thiab ob peb lub ntsiab lus pab:
Lawv yuav saib TV tag kis tag kis - Tag kis lawv yuav saib TV tag hmo
Koj puas yuav ua tiav txoj haujlwm no txog hnub Monday tom ntej? - Koj puas yuav ua tiav txoj haujlwm no los ntawm hnub Monday tom ntej?
Los ntawm lub ntsiab thiabauxiliary verbs thiab particle not:
- Kuv tsis ua haujlwm tam sim no - Kuv tsis ua haujlwm tam sim no.
- Nws tsis tau ntsib nws - Nws tseem tsis tau ntsib.
Rau ib lo lus yooj yooj yim, lub suab ntawm kev ua lus Askiv tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, xws li hauv txhua qhov piv txwv tau muab, lossis passive:
Lub tsev no tau tsim plaub xyoos dhau los - Lub tsev no tau tsim plaub xyoos dhau los
Compound verb predicate
Ib qho piv txwv hauv lus Askiv, ntxiv rau cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, suav nrog ib tus tswv cuab ntxiv ntawm kab lus, uas qhia txog qhov ntxiv semantic load thiab hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais. Ib qho lus qhia sib xyaw ua ke ib txwm muaj cov lus qhia tseem ceeb thiab cov lus qhia, uas feem ntau ua haujlwm kom meej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem suav nrog ib lossis ntau qhov kev pabcuam pabcuam thiab cov khoom tsis yog.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus qhia ua lus Askiv ua lus Askiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj ntawm cov lus qhia yooj yim predicate. Nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim predicate, tsuas yog ib tug verb, lub ntsiab verb, muaj ib tug tiag tiag semantic load. Muaj tsawg kawg yog ob tug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug complex predicate.
Examples of compound verb predicate
Qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus Askiv no yog cov kab lus zoo li no:
- Kuv nyiam nyeem. - Kuv nyiam nyeem.
- Nws xav mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb. - Nws xav mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb.
Koj tuaj yeem ua rau lawv nyuaj los ntawm kev xaiv ib daim ntawv pom ntau dua-ntev:
- Nws yeej tsis tau hais kom siv sijhawm ua ke ua ntej. - Nws yeej tsis tau muab sijhawm los ua ke ua ntej.
- Koj puas npaj txav mus rau qhov chaw? - Koj puas npaj txav mus rau qhov chaw?
Los yog siv cov lus qhia ntau dua nyob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab sib txuas los ntawm ib leeg:
Peb txiav txim siab tsis kam pib ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project - Peb txiav txim siab tsis kam pib ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project no
Muaj tseeb, cov kev tsim kho zoo li no thiab suab nrov dhau. Lawv tsis tshua muaj siv hauv cov lus hais thiab pom zoo kom zam kev sau ntawv.
Compound nominal predicate
hom kev ua lus Askiv no muaj cov npe npe thiab cov lus qhia txuas. Qhov nominal ib feem qhia lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thaum qhov kev sib txuas lus yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv feem ntau tsuas yog kom tswj tau qhov tseeb grammatical qauv.
Qhov feem ntau siv cov lus qhia ua qhov txuas yog ua, txhais ua lus Lavxias - ua. Ntawm chav kawm, nws hloov raws li hom-temporal daim ntawv siv. Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau, cov lus qhia hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus qhia pabcuam:
- ua - "ua";
- to nyob - "seem";
- to seem - "zoo li";
- to look - "look".
Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov nominal ntawm ib qho piv txwv los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv yooj yim. Siv ob kab lus hauv qab no ua piv txwv:
- Nws nyob ntawm no ntau xyoo dhau los. - Nws nyob ntawm no ob peb xyoos dhau los.
- Nws nkees. - Nws nkees.
Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, ib lo lus yooj yim predicate yog siv. Lub ntsiab semantic load yog nqa los ntawm cov lus qhia yog - "yog". Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog tias nws "yog", tab sis qhov tseeb tias nws tau "nyuaj". Yog tsis muaj ib feem nominal, kab lus kiag li poob nws lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib xyaw nominal predicate.
Piv txwv ntawm qhov sib xyaw nominal predicate
Hauv lus Askiv, piv txwv ntawm hom kev ua piv txwv no tuaj yeem pom tsis muaj tsawg dua hauv Lavxias. Nov yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, tsim nyog rau kev nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv qhov kev tso ua ke:
Peb yog cov kws tshaj lij. - Peb yog cov kws tshaj lij
- Nws dhau los ua kws kho mob. - Nws tau los ua kws kho mob.
- Cia peb ua phooj ywg mus ib txhis. - Cia ua phooj ywg mus ib sim.
- Koj zoo li nkees. Hmo no koj pw tsis txaus, koj puas tau? - Koj zoo li nkees. hmo no koj pw tsis txaus, koj puas tau?
- Kuv tsis xav ua dag! - Kuv tsis xav saib ruam!
Zoo li ob hom kev ua ntej dhau los, qhov sib xyaw nominal predicate tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau qhov nominal los yog siv cov nam-temporal daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus.
Nws yog ib tug txiv neej txaus siab heev - Nws yog ib tug neeg ntxim nyiam heev. (Cov nqe lus "ib tug neeg txaus siab heev" tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm nominal. Tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsis yog qhov yuam kev rau lub npe tsuas yog lo lus "tus txiv neej" ua ib feem, thiab xav txog qhov seem, raws li cov lus qhia. kev ntsuas thiab degree thiab txhais)
Hom kev ua tiav hauv lus Askiv tsis yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li, piv txwv li, cov qauv ntawm nam-temporal forms, infinitives lossis gerunds. Yog tsis paub nws, koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov kab lus raug thiab sib txuas lus ua lus Askiv yam tsis muaj blushing pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg hais lus. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg uas xav tsis tsuas yog siv cov lus Askiv xwb, tab sis kuj nkag siab txog nws cov qauv, hom predicate tuaj yeem yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kab lus thiab txheeb xyuas cov qauv grammatical nyuaj.
