Muaj ntau hom tsiaj. Cov no yog flatworms, thiab plab hnyuv, thiab annelids, thiab arthropods, thiab echinoderms, thiab chordates. Cov kev tshawb fawb uas kawm lawv yog hu ua biology. Mollusks kuj yog ib hom tsiaj. Lawv yuav tau tham hauv kab lus no. Tseem muaj ib ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm biology uas kawm txog cov tsiaj no. Nws hu ua malacology. Thiab cov kev tshawb fawb uas kawm mollusk plhaub yog conchology.
yam ntxwv ntawm molluscs
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom no kuj hu ua mos-bodied. Lawv muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Tus naj npawb ntawm hom yog kwv yees li 200 txhiab.
Pab pawg tsiaj muaj ntau hom kab mob no tau muab faib ua yim chav:
- Bivalves.
- Pabace.
- Striated plab.
- Pittails.
- Monoplacophores.
- Gastropods.
- Shoveled.
- Cephalopods.
Lub cev ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj no yog npaj raws li tib txoj cai. Tom ntej no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm mollusks yuav raug txiav txim siab ntxiv.
Lub cev thiab lub cev
Mollusks, zoo li ntau cov tsiaj txhu ntau, yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom ntaub so ntswg uas yog ib feem ntawm lub cev. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv lem,form organ systems.
Cov qauv ntawm molluscs suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
-
Cia peb saib lawv ib leeg.
Circulatory system
Hauv molluscs, nws yog hom qhib. Nws muaj cov hauv qab no lub cev:
- siab;
- viav.
Lub plawv ntawm mollusks muaj ob lossis peb chav. Nov yog ib lub ventricle thiab ib lossis ob lub atria.
Nyob hauv ntau lub cev mos, cov ntshav muaj xim liab txawv txawv. Cov xim no tau muab rau nws los ntawm cov pa pigment hemocyanin, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas suav nrog tooj liab. Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm tib yam li hemoglobin.
Ntshav nyob rau hauv mollusks circulates nyob rau hauv no txoj kev: los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nws ntws mus rau hauv lub qhov khoob ntawm lub nruab nrog cev - lacunae thiab sinuses. Tom qab ntawd nws rov sau dua hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab mus rau hauv lub plab lossis lub ntsws.
Nervous system
Nyob rau hauv mollusks, nws tuaj nyob rau hauv ob ntau yam: ntaiv thiab tawg pob caus hom.
Thawj tus yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev: muaj ib tug peripharyngeal nplhaib, los ntawm uas plaub lub cev txuas mus. Ob tug innervate ob txhais ceg, thiab ob innervates.
Lub paj hlwb ntawm qhov tawg-nodal hom yog qhov nyuaj dua. Nws muaj ob khub ntawm paj hlwb. Ob lub plab yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub innervation ntawm lub hauv nruab nrog cev, thiab ob pedal -ob txhais ceg. Ntawm ob khub ntawm paj hlwb muaj cov nodes - ganglia. Feem ntau muaj rau 6 khub ntawm lawv: buccal, cerebral, pleural, pedal, parietal thiab visceral. Thawj innervate lub caj pas, qhov thib ob - lub tentacles thiab ob lub qhov muag, lub thib peb - lub mantle, lub plaub - ceg, lub thib tsib - lub pa kab mob, lub thib rau - lwm yam kabmob sab hauv.
Sense Organs
Muaj cov kabmob ntawm cov mollusks uas tso cai rau lawv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib puag ncig:
- tentacles;
- eyes;
- statocysts;
- osphradia;
- sensory cells.
Ob lub qhov muag thiab lub tsev pheeb suab yog nyob ntawm tus tsiaj lub taub hau. Osphradia muaj nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm gills. Cov no yog cov kabmob ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Statocysts yog cov kab mob sib npaug. Lawv nyob ntawm ko taw. Sensory cells yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev kov. Lawv nyob ntawm ntug ntawm lub mantle, ntawm lub taub hau thiab ceg.
Y
Digestive system
Cov qauv ntawm mollusks muab rau cov kabmob hauv qab no ntawm cov kab no:
- caj pas;
- plab;
- midgut;
- hindgut.
Live kuj muaj. Cephalopods kuj muaj pancreas.
Hauv caj pas ntawm lub cev mos muaj lub cev tshwj xeeb rau kev sib tsoo zaub mov - radula. Nws yog npog nrog cov hniav ua los ntawm chitin, uas tau rov ua dua tshiab raws li cov qub qub tau hnav.
Lub cev ntawm kev tso tawm hauv mollusks
Qhov system no yog sawv cev los ntawm ob lub raum. Lawv kuj hu ua metanephridia. Cov kab mob excretory ntawm mollusks zoo ib yam licov worms. Tab sis lawv nyuaj dua.
Cov kab mob excretory ntawm mollusks zoo li ib qho kev sau ntawm tortuous glandular hlab. Ib qho kawg ntawm metanephridium qhib rau hauv lub hnab coelomic, thaum lwm qhov kawg qhib sab nraud.
Cov kab mob hauv lub cev hauv mollusks tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Yog li, qee qhov cephalopods tsuas muaj ib qho metanephridium nyob rau sab laug. Monoplacophorans muaj ntau npaum li 10-12 lub cev excretory.
Cov khoom tso tawm hauv cov metanephridia ntawm mollusks. Lawv sawv cev los ntawm cov pob txha ntawm uric acid. Lawv raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm tus tsiaj txhua ob mus rau peb lub lis piam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ib feem ntawm cov kab mob excretory hauv molluscs tuaj yeem hu ua atria, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lim ntshav.
Respiratory system
Nyob hauv cov molluscs sib txawv, nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov kabmob sib txawv. Yog li, feem ntau cov mos mos-bodied muaj gills. Lawv kuj hu ua ctenidia. Cov no yog ua ke ob tog pinnate kabmob. Lawv nyob rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm lub mantle. Mollusks uas nyob hauv av muaj lub ntsws tsis yog gills. Nws yog modified mantle kab noj hniav. Nws cov phab ntsa yog permeated nrog cov hlab ntsha.
Kev ua pa ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev sib pauv roj ntawm molluscs.
Reproductive system
Nws tuaj yeem teem caij sib txawv, txij li ntawm cov mollusks muaj ob hom hermaphrodites thiab dioecious hom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hermaphroditism, thaum lub sij hawm fertilization, txhua tus neeg ua ob leeg li txiv neej thiab poj niam.
Yog li peb saib txhua lub cevshellfish.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub cev ntawm mollusks
Tus qauv ntawm lub ntsiab lus no txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav sib txawv.
Cia peb saib lub cev sib txawv uas cov mollusks tuaj yeem muaj, piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv ib chav lossis lwm qhov.
Yog li, hauv qhov quav-bellied thiab pit-tailed integuments yog sawv cev los ntawm lub mantle uas npog tag nrho lub cev, nrog cuticle uas muaj glycoproteins. Tseem muaj spicules - ib hom koob uas ua los ntawm txiv qaub.
Bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, monoplacphors thiab spadefoots tsis muaj cuticle. Tab sis muaj ib lub plhaub, uas muaj ib phaj los yog ob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm bivalves. Qee qhov kev txiav txim ntawm chav kawm gastropod tsis muaj qhov no ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Sab dej ntaws
Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb txheej: sab nraud, nruab nrab thiab sab hauv.
Sab nraum lub plhaub yog ib txwm ua los ntawm cov tshuaj organic. Feem ntau nws yog conchiolin. Qhov tsuas yog kev zam rau txoj cai no yog mollusc Crysomallon squamiferum los ntawm chav kawm ntawm gastropods. Nws lub plhaub sab nrauv yog tsim los ntawm ferrum sulfides.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub plhaub mollusc yog ua los ntawm columnar calcite.
Internal - los ntawm lamellar calcite.
Yog li peb tshuaj xyuas kom meej cov qauv ntawm mollusks.
Zoo kawg
Vim li ntawd, peb yuav luv luv txiav txim siab txog cov kabmob tseem ceeb thiab cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob mos hauv lub rooj. Peb kuj yuav muab piv txwvshellfish belongs rau ntau chav kawm.
| System | Lub cev | Ntse |
| Circulatory | viav, lub siab | Qhib hom circulatory system, ob- lossis peb-chambered lub plawv. |
| ntshai | paj hlwb thiab ganglia | Ob lub paj hlwb yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ceg, ob - rau cov kabmob sab hauv. Muaj tsib khub ntawm ganglions, txhua qhov txuas rau lub cev. |
| digestive | pharynx, esophagus, plab, hnyuv, siab, pancreas | Ib radula muaj nyob rau hauv lub pharynx, uas pab zom zaub mov. Cov hnyuv yog sawv cev los ntawm nruab nrab thiab hindgut. |
| excretory | Cov hlab ntsha uas qhib sab nraud ntawm ib kawg thiab mus rau hauv lub hnab coelomic ntawm lwm qhov. | |
| respiratory | gills lossis ntsws | Nyob hauv kab noj hniav ntawm lub mantle. |
| sexual | ovaries, testes | Ntawm cov molluscs muaj hermaphrodites, uas muaj ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam gonads. Tseem muaj hom dioecious. |
Tam sim no cia peb saib cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau chav kawm ntawm Mollusk hom thiab lawv cov qauv tsim.
| Class | Examples | Ntse |
| Bivalves | qwj nplais, oysters, japanese scallop, icelandic scallop | Muaj ob lub phaj plhaub ua los ntawm calcium carbonate,muaj gills tsim tau zoo, lawv yog lim feeders los ntawm hom zaub mov. |
| Gastropods | Prudoviki, slugs, coils, qwj, bittiny | Lawv muaj cov qauv asymmetric sab hauv vim yog lub plhaub twisted. Nyob rau sab xis, lub cev raug txo. Yog li, ntau hom tsis muaj ctenidium |
| Cephalopods | Lawv yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm ob sab symmetry. Cov mollusks no tsis muaj lub plhaub sab nraud. Cov hlab ntsha thiab lub paj hlwb yog qhov tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov invertebrates. Lub cev qhov siab zoo ib yam li cov vertebrates. Qhov muag tshwj xeeb yog tsim tau zoo. Cov kab mob excretory ntawm mollusks ntawm chav kawm no yog sawv cev los ntawm ob lossis plaub lub raum (metanefridia). |
Yog li peb tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm hom Mollusk.
