Txhua cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau haiv neeg, lawv loj hlob yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej. Thiab nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej uas qee hom yoog tshaj plaws, lawv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv pawg ecological ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Ecological pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov kab uas muaj cov kev xav tau zoo sib xws rau tus nqi ntawm txhua yam, xws li ya raws, lub teeb, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm evolution nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm adapting lub cev mus rau tej yam tej yam kev mob. Raws li, cov nroj tsuag ntawm ntau pawg ecological tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib leeg.
Txoj kev ciam teb uas muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm pawg sib txawv yog arbitrary.
Yuav ua li cas ecological pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj?
Txhua cov nroj tsuag tau muab faib ua pab pawg, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb.
Yog li, kev faib cov nroj tsuag rau hauv pawg ecological yog raws li lawv xav tau:
- light;
- moisture;
- ncigkub;
- trophic av;
- av acidity;
- av salinization.
Los ntawm tib txoj ntsiab cai, tsis yog cov nroj tsuag qus tuaj yeem raug cais tawm, tab sis kuj muaj cov pab pawg ecological ntawm cov nroj tsuag sab hauv tsev tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yuav zoo ib yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, paub tias pab pawg twg ib lub paj tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem muab kev saib xyuas zoo.
Cov pab pawg ecological tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob ntawm qhov xav tau noo noo
Peb pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv raws li qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig:
Yhydrophytes;
YHydrophytes yog cov nroj tsuag uas loj hlob hauv dej. Feem ntau, lawv loj hlob hauv dej tshiab, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv dej ntsev.
Pab pawg ecological no suav nrog cov nroj tsuag xws li reeds, mov, reeds, sedges, xubheads, thiab lwm yam.
Gilatophytes tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau raws li pawg cais ntawm cov nroj tsuag dej. Cov no yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj zog stems, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob sab nraum dej ib puag ncig. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag no (nplooj thiab paj) yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub reservoir thiab tuav los ntawm dej. Gilatophytes muaj xws li dej lilies, lotuses, watercresses, thiab lwm yam.
Mesophytes yog cov nroj tsuag uas nyiam cov av noo nruab nrab. Cov no suav nrog yuav luag txhua cov nroj tsuag uas paub dav, suav nrog cov uas feem ntau cog hauv lub vaj thiab vaj txiv ntoo.
Xerophytes yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas hloov mus rau kev muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw qhuav. Cov no suav nrog wheatgrass, xuab zeb-hlub, thiabcacti, suav nrog sab hauv tsev.
Vim xav tau lub teeb
Raws li txoj cai no, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
- heliophytes;
- scioheliophytes;
- Sciophytes.
thawj yog cov nroj tsuag uas xav tau lub teeb ci.
Scioheliophytes muaj peev xwm zam qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Ntawm cov nroj tsuag sab hauv tsev ntawm hom no, monstera tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Ntawm cov qus - willow, birch, aspen. Cultivated nroj tsuag ntawm pab pawg no yog turnips, radishes, parsley, mint, txiv qaub balm, dib, zucchini, asparagus, lettuce, rhubarb, sorrel.
Sciophytes yog cov nroj tsuag nyiam ntxoov ntxoo. Lawv yuav tsis loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv lub teeb ci heev. Cov no suav nrog tag nrho cov algae, nrog rau mosses, lichens, club mosses, ferns.
Ib puag ncig pawg nyob ntawm qhov xav tau kub
Plaub pawg nroj tsuag sawv ntawm no:
- gekistothermophytes;
- microthermophytes;
- mesothermophytes;
- megathermophytes.
thawj cov yog cov nroj tsuag tawv heev. Lawv loj hlob nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Microthermophytes yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov txias txias, tab sis tsis hnyav frosts.
Mesothermophytes hlub sov so, thaum megathermophytes tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov.
Kev vam meej ntawm hom av
Ntawm no, pawg ecological ntawm cov nroj tsuag txawv ntawm pebntau yam.
Thawj - av trophicity. Qhov no yog qhov saturation ntawm cov av nrog cov as-ham, nrog rau macro- thiab microelements. Raws li qhov tshwm sim no, cov nroj tsuag tau muab faib ua oligotrophs, mesotrophs, eutrophs. Oligotrophs tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov av tsis zoo, mesotrophs nyiam cov av me me, thiab eutrophs loj hlob tshwj xeeb rau ntawm chernozems thiab lwm hom av uas muaj fertility.
Nyob ntawm qhov dej ntsev ntawm cov av uas lawv loj hlob, cov nroj tsuag tau muab faib ua ob pawg: halophytes thiab glycophytes. Cov qub muaj peev xwm zam tau av salinity, thaum lub tom kawg tsis tuaj yeem.
Thiab, thaum kawg, nyob ntawm qib pH ntawm cov av, cov nroj tsuag tau muab faib ua peb pawg ecological: neutrophytes, acidophytes thiab basophytes. Cov qub nyiam av nrog nruab nrab pH (ze li 7). Acidophytes loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov av nrog high acidity. Thiab basophytes nyiam alkaline av.
Yog li peb saib tag nrho cov ecological pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag, piv txwv ntawm hom uas yog lawv.
