Kev tsis lees paub lub npe tsis yog lub ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Thiab dab tsi yuav nthuav ntawm no yog tias txhua yam yog raws li kev ruam ruam? Thiab qhov dhuav yog qhov phem tshaj.
Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qee qhov tso dag rau cov txheej txheem kev nco tsis txaus. Piv txwv li, txawm tias peb cov pog koob yawg koob tau nco txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm rooj plaub nrog kev pab los ntawm cov lus piav qhia funny uas thawj tsab ntawv ntawm txhua lo lus sib raug rau thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub npe rooj plaub.
Ivan - npe,
muab yug - genitive, ntxhais - dative, xaj - accusative, drag - muaj tswv yim, daim pam – prepositional.
Kawm cov lus zoo li no yooj yim. Thiab tam sim no cov xwm txheej tau sau tseg hauv kev nco ntawm lawv tus kheej!
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias paub txog cov npe ntawm cov xwm txheej, kev paub txog cov npe ntawm cov npe tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj lus nug ntxiv! Thiab ib zaug ntxiv, muaj cov lus sib dhos-nco "Hais txog Masha" los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm:
Masha muaj khoom qab zib no -
Dame Maruse kuvkhoom qab zib.
I see: Masha xav tau, tsis ua si, tsis zoo siab.
Nws xav dab tsi ?
Cas tsis muaj dab tsi nrog nws!
Cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo yuav xav tsis thoob: "Thiab dab tsi yog qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qee qhov kev coj ua Masha thiab cov ncauj lus uas peb tab tom xav txog?" Tau kawg, tsis muaj kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb ntawm no. Tab sis ib tug uas saib ze ntawm lub suab paj nruag yuav pom tias nyob rau hauv txhua kab, txawm nyob rau hauv lub kawg los yog thaum pib, ib lo lus yog highlighted.
Cov no yog "magic" cov lus pab. Lawv yuav pab peb nco txog cov lus nug, thiab qhov ntawd, koj pom, peb yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm cov npe, tso dag thiab ua si.
Yog li, cia peb pib nrog qhov thib ob - qhov genitive, txij li cov npe feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem. Lo lus "tsis muaj" yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv thawj kab. Qhov no yog ib lo lus auxiliary rau rooj plaub genitive. Peb hais lo lus "tsis yog", thiab cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm lawv tus kheej: "Dab tsi los yog leej twg tsis yog?"
Kab tom ntej no muab lo lus pab "poj niam", thiab peb paub tias tom qab genitive muaj ib rooj plaub. Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, peb hais "poj niam" thiab txuas ntxiv: "rau leej twg lossis dab tsi?"
Ntxiv mus, lo lus "saib" qhia cov lus nug: "Leej twg lossis dab tsi?" Qhov no yog ib rooj plaub accusative. "Tsis txaus siab" - "Leej twg los yog dab tsi?" - muaj tswv yim. "Xav" - "Txog leej twg los yog dab tsi?" - prepositional.
Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv tau kawm, cov lus nug tau raug nco. Tam sim no ib lub ntsiab lus nyuaj dua: kev faib cov npe los ntawm declension. Feem ntau ntawm tsev kawm ntawv lawv pib kawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub npe los ntawm 1st declension.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus sib dhos dua.
Tanya, Petya thiab Arisha, Misha, Tolya,Vasya, Grisha –
Muaj "A" thiab "Kuv" kawg -
Nov yog kuv tsev neeg!
Los ntawm quatrain nws ua raws li 1st declension suav nrog cov lus xaus "A" thiab "Kuv" ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam.
Neutral nouns yuav tsum muab rau 2nd declension. Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov npe txiv neej yam tsis muaj qhov xaus. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, pab - cramming rhyme:
Tus nees dhia saum huab, Npauj npaim hla lub pas dej.
Nyob hauv tshav ntuj cua daj cua dub, Tus tub hliv tshuaj yej rau hauv saucer.
Qhov thib peb declension yuav tsum suav cov npe xaus rau "b", poj niam, tsis muaj qhov xaus.
Hauv kev sau ntawv, feem ntau nyuaj rau sau cov ntaub ntawv xaus rau cov npe ntawm 1st declension. Rau qhov lus qhia, koj tuaj yeem siv "tus menyuam roj hmab".
Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis ntseeg, peb hloov lo lus "dub", thiab yog tias "Y" suab, peb ua siab tawv sau "Kuv", vim qhov no tej zaum yog qhov tshwm sim, thiab yog tias peb tsis hnov "Y", ces peb yuav tsum sau "E" thaum kawg. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lo lus "dub" ib yam nkaus.
Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob declension, peb xyuas qhov xaus nrog ib tug nees, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj ib tug analogue ntawm ib tug nyuaj kawg.
Nws yooj yim dua nrog cov npe. Declension ntawm adjectives yog ib qho yooj yim teeb meem. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv sib raug rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub npe uas lawv xa mus, thiab qhov kawg raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov lus nug: dab tsi yog lo lus nug, yog li ntawd yuav tus adjective.
