Modal verbs hauv lus Askiv tsis ua raws li cov kev cai dav dav ib yam li lwm cov lus qhia. Lawv tsis siv cais thiab tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ywj pheej. Modal verbs "ua tau", "ua tau", "yuav tsum", "yuav" qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg hais lus rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws txhais li cas? Qee cov lus qhia qhia txog qib ntawm qhov ua tau, lwm tus - lub luag haujlwm. Tom qab modal verbs, lub particle "-to" tsis siv, tshwj tsis yog cov lus qhia "yuav tau" thiab "tswj mus". Piv txwv:
Kuv tuaj yeem ua luam dej. (Kuv tuaj yeem ua luam dej).
Nws yuav tsum mloog nws niam nws txiv. (Nws yuav tsum mloog nws niam nws txiv.)
Leej twg tuaj yeem pom kuv tus miv? (Leej twg thiaj pom kuv tus miv?).
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lub tsev no. (Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tsim kho lub tsev no.)
Nws tswj nrhiav nws lub xov tooj ntawm tes tam sim ntawd thaum peb mus deb. (Nws nrhiav tau nws lub xov tooj tom qab peb tawm mus.)
Txoj cai siv cov lus qhia ua qauv
Raws li yav dhau losRaws li tau hais los saum no, modal verbs muaj lawv tus kheej txoj cai. Tab sis lawv tsis yooj yim rau nco qab, vim cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia me me:
- yuav tau - Kuv ua tau;
- tswj kom - Kuv ua tau;
- tau / tuaj yeem - tau, ua tau;
- yuav tsum - yuav tsum;
- maj - maj.
Raws li koj pom, qee qhov muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Muaj ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas cov lus qhia modal "ua tau", "ua tau", "yuav tsum" thiab "yuav" hloov ntawm tus neeg thiab tus lej, nruj. Qhov tseeb, tsis yog. Ntawd yog, peb tsis ntxiv qhov xaus rau cov lus qhia no thiab tsis hloov lawv. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov lus qhia "tswj" - peb tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub sijhawm dhau los los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus "-ed" - "tswj". Thiab tseem, cov lus qhia "yuav tsum tau" - ntawm no cov lus qhia pabcuam "ua" hloov raws li cov cai dav dav.
Verbs "yuav tau" thiab "tswj mus"
Qhov lus qhia "ua tau" txhais tau tias "ua tau, muaj peev xwm, muaj peev xwm". Piv txwv li:
Cov neeg no muaj peev xwm ua tau haujlwm raws sijhawm. (Cov neeg no tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm raws sijhawm.)
Cov lus qhia hloov pauv raws li hauv qab no:
| Present | Past tense | Future tense |
| Kuv muaj peev xwm | Kuv ua tau | |
| Nws muaj peev xwm | Nws muaj peev xwm | Nws yuav muaj peev xwm |
| Nws muaj peev xwm | Nws muaj peev xwm | Nws yuav muaj peev xwm |
| Lawv muaj peev xwm | Lawv muaj peev xwm | |
| Peb muaj peev xwm | ||
| Koj tuaj yeem | Koj tuaj yeem |
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhia "tswj mus" - "Kuv ua tau". Nws hloov raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:
| Present | Past tense | Future tense |
| Kuv tswj tau | Kuv tswj tau | Kuv yuav tswj hwm |
| Nws tswj kom | Nws tswj tau | Nws yuav tswj tau |
| Nws tswj kom | Nws tswj tau | Nws yuav tswj tau |
| Lawv tswj kom | Lawv tswj tau | Lawv yuav tswj tau |
| Peb tswj hwm | Peb tswj tau (Peb yogmuaj peev xwm) | Peb yuav tswj hwm |
| Koj tswj tau | Koj tswj tau | Koj yuav tswj tau |
Ib lo lus, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom nkag siab txog cov cai yooj yim no.
Verbs "can" thiab "could"
Txoj cai tom ntej no nyuaj dua, tab sis tsis yog ntau. Cov lus qhia modal "ua tau" thiab "ua tau" txhais tau tias "Kuv ua tau, kuv tuaj yeem", muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo. Thaum "tswj mus" thiab "ua tau" yog siv feem ntau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias, tsuas yog hauv lub ntsiab. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, cov lus qhia "ua tau", "ua tau", "tswj", "muaj peev xwm" ua raws li cov cai zoo sib xws.
| Present | Past tense | Future tense |
| I can (Kuv ua tau) | Kuv ua tau (Kuv ua tau) | |
| Nws tau (Nws ua tau) | Nws ua tau (Nws ua tau) | Nws yuav muaj peev xwm |
| Nws tuaj yeem | Nws ua tau (Nws ua tau) | Nws yuav muaj peev xwm |
| Lawv tuaj yeem | Lawv ua tau (Lawv ua tau) | |
| Peb tuaj yeem (Peb tuaj yeem) | Peb tuaj yeem (Peb tuaj yeem) | |
| Koj ua taukoj tuaj yeem) | Koj tuaj yeem (Koj tuaj yeem / Koj tuaj yeem) |
Tsim nyog saib. Lub modal verb "ua tau" tsis muaj yav tom ntej tense. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug analogue - "tswj mus" los yog "yuav tau".
Verbs "yuav tsum" thiab "yuav"
Tom ntej no. Cov lus qhia "ua tau", "ua tau", "yuav tsum", "yuav" muaj cov ntawv sib txawv hauv cov sijhawm sib txawv. Qhov no ua rau lawv yooj yim siv. Cov lus qhia "yuav tsum" muaj qhov ntse tshaj plaws ntawm kev lav phib xaub. Piv txwv li:
Koj yuav tsum mus tsev tam sim no, nws yuav tsis tham! (Koj yuav tsum mus tsev thiab qhov no tsis tau tham!)
Yog tias koj xav siv lub luag haujlwm softer, muab cov lus qhia lossis kev pom zoo, ces yuav tsum siv cov lus qhia "yuav tsum". Piv txwv li:
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj qab zib ntau, yog tias koj tsis haum. (Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntau cov khoom qab zib yog tias koj xav tau slim.)
Cov lus qhia "yuav" txhais tau tias "Kuv ua tau" thiab feem ntau. siv nyob rau hauv kev thov kom zoo. Piv txwv li:
thov txim, kuv puas tuaj yeem nqa koj tus cwj mem rau ib feeb? (Thov txim, kuv tuaj yeem qiv koj tus cwj mem rau ib feeb?).
Cov lus qhia "yuav tsum" tsis muaj cov ntawv hauv tenses dua li tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, peb hloov qhov zoo sib xws hauv tus nqi. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv cov lus qhia modal "yuav tsum" - "yuav tsum, yuam".
| Present | Past tense | Future tense |
| Kuv yuav tsum (Kuv yuav tsum) | Kuv yuav tsum | |
| Nws yuav tsum | Nws yuav tsum | |
| Nws yuav tsum (Nws yuav tsum) | Nws yuav tsum | |
| Lawv yuav tsum | Lawv yuav tsum | |
| Peb yuav tsum | ||
| Koj yuav tsum | Yuav tsum |
Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom paub txhua yam. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab.
Kev siv cov lus qhia ua qauv hauv cov kab lus tsis zoo thiab lus nug
Lo lus txiav txim hauv kab lus Askiv yog nruj me ntsis. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias, tsis hais cov ntsiab lus twg, hauv kab lus lees paub, cov ntsiab lus yuav tshwm sim ua ntej, tom qab ntawd cov lus qhia, tom qab ntawd cov tswv cuab ntxiv ntawm kab lus. Hauv kab lus tsis zoo - txhua yam yog tib yam. Tsuas yog tom qab tus predicate tsis pom qhov tsis zoo "tsis" tshwm sim. Lo lus txib no hu ua ncaj qha. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus nug yog hu ua thim rov qab. Ntawm no, thaum pib ntawm kab lus yog qhov predicate, ces qhov kev kawm,ntxiv - cov tswv cuab ntxiv ntawm qhov kev thov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm modal verbs "ua tau", "ua tau", "yuav" thiab lwm yam, txhua yam yog raws li txoj cai. Lawv ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv. Piv txwv li:
Kuv ua tsis tau (tsis tau) ua luam dej. (Kuv ua luam dej tsis tau).
Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob (yuav tsum tsis txhob) ua, yog tias nws tsis ua. (Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhov no yog tias nws tsis xav ua.)
Lawv yuav tsis (yuav tsis) ua noj hmo tsis muaj qhov kaj.
Koj puas tuaj yeem pab kuv noj hmo? (Koj puas tuaj yeem pab kuv noj hmo?).
Kuv puas yuav nrog nws mus? (Kuv puas yuav nrog nws mus?).
Kuv mus taug kev, kuv nkees. (Kuv tuaj yeem mus taug kev, Kuv nkees.).
Nyob rau hauv cov lus nug tshwj xeeb, cov lus nug yog pib ntawm kab lus:
Leej twg hais tau lus Askiv? (Leej twg hais tau lus Askiv?).
Piv txwv ntawm modal verbs
Cia peb xav txog qee qhov kev sib tham luv:
1). - Kuv xav ua kws kho hniav yav tom ntej.
- Yog li, koj yuav tsum kawm nyuaj hauv tsev kawm.
- Kuv xav ua kws kho hniav yav tom ntej.
- Ces koj yuav tsum kawm nyuaj tom tsev kawm ntawv.
2). - Koj yuav tsum ua siab mos siab muag rau koj tus muam.
- Kuv yuav sim, tab sis nws nrov dhau.
- Koj yuav tsum ua siab mos siab muag rau koj tus muam.
- Kuv yuav sim, tab sis nws nrov heev.
3). - Koj muaj peev xwm dab tsi?
- Kuv tuaj yeem ntaus guitar thiab piano.
- Koj zoo li cas?
- Kuv tuaj yeem ntaus guitar thiab piano.
Practical part
Sim txhais cov kab lus hauv qab no ua lus Askiv. Siv modal verbs:
1). Kuv puas tuaj yeem qhib qhov rais?
2). Kuv niam kuv txiv yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas ib leeg.
3). Nws tsis tuaj yeem kho chav no zoo dua.
4). Kuv zoo siab thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam!
5). Koj puas tuaj yeem pom cov yuam sij?
Keys:
1) Kuv puas tuaj yeem qhib qhov rai?
2) Kuv niam thiab txiv yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas dua.
3) Nws kho tsis tau chav no zoo dua.
4) Kuv zoo siab thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam!
5) Koj puas tau tswj kom pom cov yuam sij?
