Yog tias koj tab tom kawm lus Askiv los ntawm kos, npaj kom paub nrog cov lus qhia sib txawv heev. Cov txheej txheem ntawm tenses ntawm lus Askiv thiab cov cai ntawm kev nyeem ntawv yog txawv heev los ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Feem ntau, cov neeg tuaj tshiab rau kev kawm, ntsib thawj zaug nyuaj, tso tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cai ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv Askiv yog qhov yooj yim to taub.
Modal verbs
Modal verb yog ib chav tshwj xeeb hauv lus Askiv uas ua raws li txoj cai cais. Muaj ntau hom lus ua lus Askiv: tsis tu ncua, tsis xwm yeem, modal. Daim ntawv teev cov lus qhia tsis raug cais, koj yuav tsum paub nws ntawm lub siab. Cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua thiab tsis xwm yeem sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv txoj kev uas lawv tsim lub sijhawm dhau los. Regular verbs forms dhau los tense forms los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ed, irregular verbs hloov lawv daim ntawv kiag li. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus qhia tau muab faib ua lub ntsiab thiab pab. Lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav muaj ib tug lexical muaj nuj nqi, lawv qhia ib tug tshwj xeeb ua. Cov lus qhia zoo li no tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias. Cov lus txhawb nqa tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tandem nrog lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav, lawv nqa ib tug grammatical muaj nuj nqi. Cov lus qhia no tsis muaj kev txhais ua lus Lavxias. modal verbs hauv lus Askivlus muaj ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntxiv nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, uas sib npaug rau hauv kev ua haujlwm rau cov pab pawg. Lawv qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev kawm rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: lub luag haujlwm, xav tau lossis muaj peev xwm ua tau ib yam dab tsi. Ntawd yog, kuv yuav tsum paub lossis paub ua luam dej, Kuv tuaj yeem qhia thiab lwm yam.
Modal verbs: cai thiab piv txwv
Rau kev txawj lus yooj yim, koj yuav tsum paub cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia hauv qab no: ua tau, yuav tsum, yuav, xav tau, yuav tsum, yuav tsum, yuav tsum, muaj peev xwm, tswj tau. Raws li cov cai siv cov lus qhia modal, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yog:
1) peb tsis ntxiv qhov xaus rau modal verbs (nrog rau kev zam ntawm modal verb tswj rau);
2) peb tsis muab tso rau hauv cov lus qhia tom qab modal verbs (tshwj tsis yog xav tau, yuav tsum, yuav tsum)
3) cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tom qab lub modal muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv infinitive (initial form)
Piv txwv:
Kuv yuav tsum mus, nws lig. Kuv yuav tsum mus, nws yuav lig.
Koj yuav tsum ua txoj haujlwm no kom txog rau tag kis. Koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm no kom tag tag kis.
Koj yuav tsum nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev. Koj yuav tsum nrhiav lwm txoj kev tawm.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum ua raws li kev cai hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Kuv niam ntse heev, nws hais tau tsib yam lus. Kuv niam ntse heev, nws hais tau tsib yam lus.
| Modal verbs: table | |||
| Modal verb | Kev txhais lus | tsis zooform | Past tense form |
| be tau | tsis tuaj yeem=tsis tuaj yeem | could | |
| must | yuav tsum | yuav tsum tsis txhob=yuav tsum tsis txhob | had to |
| maj | yuav tsis tau | might | |
| yuav tsum | yuav tsum | yuav tsis tau | yuav tsum tau ua |
| yuav tsum | yuav tsum | should not=tsum tsum |
yuav tsum |
| muaj to | muaj to | do/does not have to=don't/doesn't have to | had to |
| need | need | does/does/tsis xav tau=don't/doesn't/didn't need or | xav tau |
| muaj peev xwm | be tau | am/yog/tsis tau | was/were tau |
| manage to | be tau | do/does/did tsis tswj=tsis / tsis / tsis tswj | managed to |
Modal verbs zoo ib yam hauv lub ntsiab lus, tab sis tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Cia peb saib ntxiv.
Modal verbtau/could
Qhov lus qhia no txhais tau tias "Kuv ua tau, kuv ua tau", nws txhais tau tias muaj kev txawj lossis muaj peev xwm ua tau ib yam dab tsi. Can yog daim ntawv tense tam sim no, tuaj yeem yog daim ntawv dhau los. Yog hais tias koj siv modal verbs raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tense, siv cov modal verb daim ntawv yuav tau - yuav tau. Piv txwv li:
Kuv ua luam dej tau zoo heev, vim kuv muaj xib hwb zoo heev. Kuv ua luam dej tau zoo heev vim kuv muaj ib tug xib hwb zoo.
Kuv tuaj yeem pom zoo dua ntau xyoo dhau los. Ob peb xyoos dhau los kuv pom zoo heev.
Peb yuav pab tau koj, piav qhia qhov xwm txheej. Peb tuaj yeem pab koj, piav qhia qhov xwm txheej.
Daim ntawv tsis zoo ntawm modal verbs yog tsim raws li cov cai los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov tsis zoo particle tsis - ua tsis tau, daim ntawv luv ua tsis tau. Piv txwv li:
Kuv nrhiav tsis tau kuv phau ntawv hauv qhov kev ntxhov siab no. Kuv nrhiav tsis tau kuv phau ntawv hauv no mess.
Ua tsis tau, luv daim ntawv ua tsis tau. Piv txwv li:
Cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub kawm tuaj yeem npaj tau rau qhov kev sib tw no. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tuaj yeem npaj rau qhov kev sib tw no.
Txhawm rau tsim cov kab lus nug nrog cov lus qhia modal tuaj yeem / ua tau, koj yuav tsum siv cov lus rov qab hauv kab lus, uas yog, muab cov lus qhia ua ntej, tsis yog cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li:
Mike puas tuaj yeem nqa koj lub tsho, nws qias neeg? Mike puas tuaj yeem nqa koj lub tsho, nws qias neeg?
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nug, cov lus qhia tuaj yeem muaj kev coj zoo, koj tuaj yeem siv nws los thov kev tso cai. Piv txwv li:
Cawm kojqev me ntsev? Koj puas kam qiv ntsev rau kuv?
Modal verbs to be able to /manage to
Lwm yam lus qhia lub ntsiab lus "yuav tau" ua tau. Tab sis yog tias tuaj yeem muaj thaj tsam dav dav, tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li:
Qhov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau sai heev, tab sis txhua tus muaj peev xwm khiav tau. Qhov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau sai heev, tab sis sawv daws khiav dim.
Peb tsis paub tias kuv tus miv nyob qhov twg, tiam sis thaum kawg peb nrhiav tau nws. Peb tsis paub tias kuv tus miv nyob qhov twg, tab sis thaum kawg peb nrhiav tau nws.
yav dhau los daim ntawv ntawm kev qhia ua tau - yog / muaj peev xwm. Daim ntawv dhau los ntawm cov lus qhia tswj rau - tswj tau.
Txhawm rau tsim cov kab lus nug, koj yuav tsum muab ib qho kev pabcuam lossis cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua ntej. Piv txwv li:
Nws puas tuaj yeem tawm hauv chav yam tsis muaj koj pab? Nws puas tuaj yeem tawm hauv chav yam tsis muaj koj pab?
Leej twg tswj kom yeej tus neeg ncaws pob zoo tshaj? Leej twg tuaj yeem yeej tus neeg ncaws pob zoo tshaj?
Tau tsim cov kab lus tsis zoo, siv tsis yog los yog ib qho lus txhawb nqa. Piv txwv li:
Kuv tsis tau tswj xyuas cov haujlwm no yam tsis muaj kev qhia. Kuv ua tsis tau txoj hauj lwm no yog tsis muaj lus qhia.
Modal verb must
Cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum qhia txog kev lav phib xaub ntawm kev kawm qib siab. Yog tias koj tab tom kawm lus Askiv los ntawm kos, koj yuav tsum paub tias koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntxiv nrog cov lus qhia no, vim nws muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo. Thaum koj xav muabkev pom zoo es tsis yog ib qho lus txib, yuav tsum xaiv lwm cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li:
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm peb lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua raws Txoj Cai. Peb lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li Txoj Cai.
Cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tsis zoo txhais tau tias "tsis xav tau". Tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov tsis zoo tsis yog piv txwv:
Koj tsev neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob txav mus rau lwm lub nroog yog tias lawv tsis xav. Koj tsev neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob txav mus rau lwm lub nroog yog tias lawv tsis xav mus.
Tau tsim kab lus nug, muab tso ua ntej hauv kab lus.
Yuav tsum khaws cov tsiaj nyob hauv tawb? Yuav tsum khaws tsiaj rau hauv tawb?
Dhau li ntawd, cov lus qhia yuav tsum muaj ib lub ntsiab lus ntxiv. Peb hais tias yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm "yuav tsum yog, tej zaum." Piv txwv li:
Koj yuav tsum tshaib plab heev vim koj tsis noj hmo. Koj yuav tsum tshaib plab heev vim koj tsis noj su.
Tseem nrov nrov nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog loj. Yuav tsum nrov nrov nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog loj.
Modal verb may/might
Tej zaum thiab tej zaum, zoo li tag nrho cov lus qhia modal, feem ntau ua tiav cov lus qhia tseem ceeb. Kev txhais lus ntawm cov lus qhia no yog "can, can". May yog daim ntawv tense tam sim no, tej zaum yog daim ntawv dhau los. Piv txwv li:
Kuv yuav yog ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev kawm qib siab no. Kuv tuaj yeem yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
kuv lub hnab nyob qhov twg? Tej zaum nws yuav nyob hauv koj chav. Kuv lub hnab nyob qhov twg? Nws tuaj yeem nyob hauv koj chav.
Nws yuav noj su. Nws,tej zaum tau noj su.
Nws yog ib qho kev piav qhia txawv heev, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj tseeb. Qhov no yog ib qho kev piav qhia txawv heev, tab sis nws yuav muaj tseeb.
Yuav ua kom kab lus tsis zoo, siv cov lus tsis zoo tsis yog - tsis yog, tsis yog.
Nws yuav tsis yog qhov tseeb! Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem muaj tseeb!
Ib kab lus nug yog tsim raws li txoj cai dav dav: muab cov lus qhia ua ntej. Piv txwv li:
Kuv tuaj yeem qhib qhov rais, nws kub heev? Kuv puas tuaj yeem qhib qhov rais, nws kub heev nyob ntawm no?
Modal verb have to
Cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum muaj lub ntsiab lus "yuav tsum, yuav tsum, yuav tsum". Nws muaj peb daim ntawv tam sim no, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej tenses: have/has to, have to, will have to. Piv txwv li:
Koj yuav tsum nyob hauv lub tsev no mus txog lub caij ntuj sov tom ntej. Koj yuav tau nyob hauv chav tsev no mus txog lub caij ntuj sov tom ntej.
Nws yuav tsum ua noj hmo tam sim ntawd. Nws yuav tsum tau noj hmo sai.
Peb yuav ncaim mus, tsis muaj chaw rau peb ntxiv lawm. Peb yuav tsum tawm mus, peb tsis nyob ntawm no ntxiv lawm.
Kuv cov phooj ywg yuav tsum ua kom tiav, tab sis lawv ua tsis tiav. Kuv cov phooj ywg yuav tsum ua haujlwm. tab sis lawv ua tsis tau.
txhawm rau tsim cov kab lus tsis zoo nrog cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum, koj yuav tsum ntxiv cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua / ua / ua thiab qhov tsis zoo tsis yog. Piv txwv li:
Koj tsis tas yuav saib zaj movie kom txog thaum kawg. Koj tsis tas yuav saib movie mus txog thaum kawg.
Cov neeg no tsis tas yuav kho koj lub tsheb dawb. Cov neeg no tsis tas yuav kho koj lub tsheb dawb.
Mary tsis tas yuav tag nrho cov khoom noj rau koj. Marie tsis tas yuav khoom noj rau koj.
Tau sau cov lus nug nrog cov lus qhia ua qauv raws li txoj cai, yuav tsum, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua, ua lossis ua ua ntej hauv kab lus. Qhov no yog hu ua rov qab lo lus txiav txim hauv kab lus. Yog tias tsim nyog, ntxiv ib lo lus nug ua ntej cov lus qhia pabcuam. Piv txwv li:
Koj puas tau nyob ua haujlwm txog yav tsaus ntuj? Koj puas yuav tsum nyob ua haujlwm txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj?
Koj yuav tau tos nws ntev npaum li cas? Koj yuav tau tos nws ntev npaum li cas?
Modal verb ought to
No modal verb zoo ib yam li lub ntsiab lus rau yav dhau los, nws yog synonymous. Modal verb yuav tsum txhais tau tias "yuav tsum muaj". Piv txwv li:
Cov ntxhais yuav tsum ceev faj ntau dua thaum tsaus ntuj. Cov ntxhais yuav tsum ceev faj thaum hmo ntuj.
Nyob rau hauv kab lus tsis zoo, peb ntxiv qhov tsis zoo tsis yog rau cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li:
Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob nco txhua qhov kev qhia. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob plam tag nrho cov lus qhia.
Txhawm rau tsim cov kab lus nug, tso cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum pib ntawm kab lus. Piv txwv li:
Kuv yuav tsum ua raws li nws cov lus qhia? Kuv puas yuav tsum ua raws li nws cov lus qhia?
Lossis nrog lo lus nug:
Thaum twg kuv yuav los cuag koj? Thaum twg kuv yuav los cuag koj?
Modal verb should
No modal verb kuj muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub luag haujlwm, txhais tias "yuav tsum, yuav tsum", muaj qhov softer thiabtus nqi zoo tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau. Lub modal verb yuav tsum yog ib tug dhau los tense verb. Piv txwv li:
Kuv yuav tsum nyob nrog nws thaum nws mob. Kuv yuav tsum nyob nrog nws thaum nws mob.
Koj yuav tsum ceev faj ntxiv rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Koj yuav tsum saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv zoo dua.
nag hmo txhua hnub, koj yuav tsum muaj lub kaus. Los nag txhua hnub, koj yuav tsum nqa lub kaus nrog koj.
Daim ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov lus qhia yog tsim nrog cov lus tsis zoo tsis yog - tsis yog, daim ntawv luv yog tsis tsim nyog. Piv txwv li:
Koj tsis txhob siv sijhawm ntau nrog cov txiv neej no. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv sijhawm ntau nrog tus txiv neej no.
Tus qis yuav tsum tsis txhob cia cov neeg phem ua qhov lawv xav tau. Txoj cai yuav tsum tsis txhob cia cov neeg phem ua raws li lawv xav tau.
Cov kab lus nug nrog cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov cov tswv cuab ntawm kab lus. Cov lus qhia modal los ua ntej. Piv txwv li:
Kuv yuav tsum kaw qhov rooj? Kuv yuav tsum kaw qhov rooj?
Cov tub ntxhais hluas no yuav tsum coj tsis zoo li no? Cov tub ntxhais hluas no yuav tsum nyob ntsiag to?
Muaj peev xwm xaiv nrog lo lus nug:
Leej twg yuav tsum saib xyuas koj tus dev thaum hnub so? Leej twg yuav tsum saib xyuas koj tus dev thaum koj so?
W ntawm no kuv yuav tsum tso cov thawv no? Kuv yuav tsum tso cov thawv no qhov twg?
Modal verb need
Cov lus qhia no yog ib qho uas nquag siv hauv lus Askiv. Lub modal verb xav tau yog txhais "xav tau". PebPeb siv nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej. Piv txwv li:
Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kuv tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau. Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kuv tus kws kho mob ASAP.
Kate xav tau koj kev pab, hu rau nws tam sim no! Kate xav tau koj kev pab, hu rau nws tam sim no!
Daim ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov lus qhia no tuaj yeem tsim tau ob txoj hauv kev. Los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov tsis zoo tsis yog rau cov lus qhia tsis zoo - tsis xav tau, hauv daim ntawv luv luv tsis tas yuav, lossis, los ntawm kev ntxiv cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua / ua / ua thiab qhov tsis zoo tsis yog - tsis xav tau, tsis xav tau, tsis xav tau. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv tsis zoo yog "tsis xav tau", uas yog, tsis muaj kev xav tau, tab sis yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem ua tau. Piv txwv li:
Koj tsis tas yuav nyeem tag nrho cov phau ntawv no, xaiv ib qho. Koj tsis tas yuav nyeem tag nrho cov phau ntawv no, xaiv ib qho.
Kuv tsis xav mloog koj ntxiv lawm, Kuv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kuv tus kheej. Kuv tsis xav mloog koj li lawm, kuv txiav txim tau kuv tus kheej.
Tau ib kab lus nug tib yam: muab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua / ua / ua ntej. Piv txwv li:
Koj puas xav tau sijhawm los npaj? Koj puas xav tau sijhawm los npaj?
Kuv tus muam puas yuav tsum tau kos duab? Kuv tus muam puas yuav tau kos duab?
