Zaj lus no yog hais txog cov xwm txheej hauv Lavxias, hais txog hom declension ntawm nouns: txog pes tsawg hom no muaj, nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub hauv paus nouns muab faib ua thawj, thib ob thiab peb declension, thiab tseem hais txog seb puas muaj. yog indeclinable nouns.
Russian case
Yog tias koj hloov cov lus nug sib txawv rau lub npe, qhov xaus hauv nws yuav hloov:
- Koj muaj dabtsi? – Xov tooj (Nyob Nominative Case).
- Koj tsis muaj dab tsi? – Xov tooj (Cov ntaub ntawv Genitive).
- Koj xav tau dab tsi? - Rau xov tooj (Dative case).
- Koj zais dab tsi? – Xov tooj (xws li rooj plaub).
- khoom plig twg koj zoo siab? - Xov Tooj (Instrumental).
- Cov lus nug no yog dab tsi? - Hais txog xov tooj (Prepositional case).
Hloov qhov xaus ntawm cov npe raws li qhov ua tau los ntawm tus lej hauv kab lus hu ua case-hloov.
Peb hom npe declension
Hloov npe los ntawm rooj plaub yog hu ua declension.
Raws li koj pom tseeb nkag siab los ntawm cov piv txwv saum toj no,txhua rooj plaub muaj nws qhov kawg. Yog tias koj paub qhov "nyiam" qhov xaus ntawm txhua rooj plaub, ces koj yuav tsis yuam kev ntawm kev sau cov lus raug.
Tab sis qhov nyuaj yog qhov tseeb, piv txwv li, hauv cov lus accusative ntawm cov lus: mole (mole), ntxoov ntxoo (shadow), hnub (sun), tus poj niam (tus poj niam), txiv (dad) - txawv. xaus.
Yuav kom daws txhua qhov tsis meej pem no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau faib tag nrho cov npe rau hauv hom declension. Cov npe ntawm tib declension muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws.
Thawj declension
thawj hom npe declension suav nrog cov txiv neej thiab poj niam cov lus uas xaus rau "-a" thiab "-ya". Piv txwv li: foreman, txiv ntxawm, dormouse, poj huab tais, Vitya, Victoria, caw, nyuj.
| Cas | Qhia | Examples |
| Ntseeg | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Tus pas dag ntawm txoj kev cuam tshuam rau txhua tus. Lilya yog ib tug ntxhais zoo nkauj heev nrog lub siab phem. Tus kav nroog tau tshaj tawm lub rooj sib tham qhib. Rokhlya ntxhov siab rau txhua tus nrog nws lub suab quaj nyob mus ib txhis. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Kuv xav tias tus pas pib qhov twg? Lily tus tub tab tom kawm los ua ib tus kws tshawb fawb. Tus kav nroog mam li nco dheev muaj lub suab nrov nrov. Cov neeg ruam ruam no cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm tas li luag ntawm nws qhov ua tsis tiav. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Ib tug ntsaum liab tab tom nkag rau ntawm tus pas. Ntawm qhov teeb meem no, mus cuag Lila, nws yuav pab. Cov neeg thov tuaj rau tus kav nroog. Tus neeg txaj muag tsis muaj lub siab tawvua thawj kauj ruam. |
| Accusative | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Victor xav txog qhov ntsia ntawm tus pas nrig. Anton Bogomolov hlub Lily heev. Nug tus kav nroog txog nws. Txhua tus ua phem rau lub rot. |
| Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Tus txiv neej ntaus tus miv nrog ib tug pas. Tus tub qhuas Lily. Cov pej xeem tsis zoo siab rau tus kav nroog. Tag nrho cov ntxhais luag ntawm rohl. | |
| prepositional case | Txog leej twg? Hais txog dab tsi? | Koj pom dab tsi hauv tus pas no? Qhia kuv ib yam dab tsi nthuav txog Leela. Tus kav nroog hnav ib lub tsho xim av. Sawv daws tsis nco qab txog lub rot. |
Thib ob hom declension
Cov qib ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib ob suav nrog cov npe txiv neej, tshwj tsis yog cov uas xaus hauv "-a" thiab "-ya" thiab cov npe tsis zoo hauv "-e", "-o"
| Cas | Qhia | Examples |
| Ntseeg | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Tus tub rog qhia meej meej ib kauj ruam. Dej hiav txwv tsaus. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Ib tug tub rog tsis muaj hnub so ntev. Hauv peb cheeb tsam tsis muaj hiav txwv me tshaj. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Niam los rau tub rog. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, kuv tsev neeg thiab kuv yuav mus rau hiav txwv. |
| Accusative | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Tus ntxhais ncaim tub rog. Me Egor pom hiav txwv thawj zaug. |
| Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Sergeant nrogtuaj rau ntawm chaw nres tsheb ua tub rog. Tus kws ua yeeb yam qhuas dej hiav txwv ntev heev, tsis txhob muab txhuam. | |
| prepositional case | Txog leej twg? Hais txog dab tsi? | Marianne pom dab tsi hauv tub rog no? Cas kuv nyiam ua luam dej hauv hiav txwv! |
Third declension
hom thib peb ntawm declension yog feminine nouns nrog ib tug mos mos kos npe rau ntawm lo lus kawg.
| Cas | Qhia | Examples |
| Ntseeg | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Cov plua plav grey yog indestructible. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | plua plav ua rau kuv qhov muag khaus thiab xav txham. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Cia peb rov qab los ua hmoov av nyob mus ib txhis! |
| Accusative | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Ua ntej koj tawm mus, so cov hmoov av. |
| Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Zoo tias txawm huab cua los nrog plua plav. | |
| prepositional case | Txog leej twg? Hais txog dab tsi? | Npua nyiam ntsaum hauv plua plav. |
Ntxhais tsis tau npe
Nouns metro, scoreboard, casino, radio, popsicle, tights, loto, domino, cabaret, pince-nez, highway, square, karate, relay, kas fes, porter, taxi, salami, chassis, bet, blinds, kangaroo, menus rau rooj plaub thiab cov lej tsis hloov. Cov no yog hu ua indeclinable.
| Cas | Qhia | Singular | Plural |
| Ntseeg | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Eskimo yog kuv nyiam ice cream. | Muaj ntau cov khoom qab zib hauv lub fridge. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Tsis muaj cov khoom qab zib hauv khw. | Cov pob zeb no tawg. |
| Nyob zoo | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Eskimo tsis muaj qab zib. | Cov tub hluas ntxiv tsib khob ntawm txiv qaub rau tsib lub ncuav qab zib uas lawv noj. |
| Accusative | Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Kuv hlub cov pos nphuab heev. | Dad yuav kaum popsicles. |
| Leej twg? Dab tsi? | Alyoshka nyiam lub popsicle thiab tsis pom dab tsi nyob ib puag ncig nws. | Tus txiv neej siab hlob xav kom muaj txhua yam hauv lub ntiaj teb. | |
| prepositional case | Txog leej twg? Hais txog dab tsi? | Zoo, koj xav li cas txog lub khob noom? | Cov popsicles tsis muaj qab zib. |
Feem ntau ntawm cov npe no yog qiv los ntawm lwm hom lus.
