Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, cov neeg thov kev pab muaj ntau yam kev cob qhia. Ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem pom hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, kev kawm thiab cov koom haum yog "Special (defectological) kev kawm". Cov neeg uas tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no yog suav hais tias yog tshwj xeeb thiab nrhiav-tom qab kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no. Lub tsev kawm ntawv twg muaj qhov chaw kawm no? Leej twg yog cov kawm tiav uas tau kawm tiav kev kawm thiab tau txais daim diploma?
Kev kawm tsis raug cai: lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj
Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus muaj kev tsis taus xav tau kev pab tsim nyog los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv-defectologists. Txoj haujlwm no tau txais los ntawm cov tib neeg tom qab ua tiav lawv cov kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv kev coj ua "Defectology Education".
Thaum lawv kawm, txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawm ntau yam kev qhuab qhia. Cov no suav nrog Pedagogy thiab"Psychology", thiab "Medico-biological foundations of defectology", thiab "Tsev kho mob ntawm kev txawj ntse teeb meem", thiab lwm yam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm mastering qhov kev pab cuam, ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm koom nyob rau hauv kho-pedagogical thiab kev sab laj-kuaj kev ua ub no:
- kho qhov kev loj hlob tsis zoo;
- txhim kho cov kev kawm thiab kho tus kheej;
- Kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg tsis taus;
- muab tswv yim rau cov neeg tsis taus thiab lawv tsev neeg.
Profiles of special (defectological) kev kawm
Nkag mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm "Defectology Education", cov neeg thov, raws li txoj cai, xaiv ntawm cov profiles. Lawv tus lej nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Piv txwv li, cov neeg thov kev kawm qib siab tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- "Psychology tshwj xeeb";
- "Speech therapy";
- "Kev txhawb nqa kev qhuab qhia thiab kev xav rau cov menyuam yaus tsis taus";
- "Oligophrenopedagogy".
Kom tau txais kev paub tob hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv kev coj ntawm "Kev Kawm Defectological (tshwj xeeb)" tus tswv txoj haujlwm tau tsim. Cov kev cob qhia raug pom muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Inclusive Education;
- "Kev txhawb nqa kev qhuab qhia thiab kev xav rau cov neeg tsis taus";
- "Speech therapy (kev kawm ntawm cov neeg uas hais lus tsis zoo)";
- "Txoj kev thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsis zookev kawm."
Txoj kev tshwj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no
Universities, academies thiab institutes with the speci alty "Defectology Education" caw cov tub ntxhais kawm los kawm. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg txais kev tso npe, cov kws qhia ntawv tham txog nws qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias tam sim no muaj teeb meem loj heev ntawm kev qhia cov me nyuam tsis taus. Kwv yees li 9-11% ntawm cov neeg los ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov pej xeem xav tau kev pab los ntawm cov kws kho mob. Qee cov neeg laus kuj xav tau kev pab.
Cov neeg uas tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm "Defectological kev kawm tshwj xeeb" yog koom nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob, upbringing thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam uas muaj ntau yam kev loj hlob teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau ob lub hlwb thiab lub cev spheres. Cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau cov neeg uas tau txais thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev, tsis hnov lus tsis zoo, pathologies ntawm cov cuab yeej hais lus, tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv psychoneurotic.
Muaj qhov tsim nyog tus kheej zoo
Kev taw qhia ntawm kev cob qhia "Kev kawm Defectology" yog qhov nthuav, tab sis nws tsis haum rau txhua tus neeg. Thaum xaiv qhov tshwj xeeb no, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus kws kho mob yuav tsum muaj qee yam ntawm tus kheej. Tus kws tshaj lij no yuav tsum yog:
- proactive;
- nrawm;
- phooj ywg;
- tactful;
- ntseeg siab rau qhov ua tiav ntawm lawv cov haujlwm, qhov kev thov kho kom raug.
Tus kws tshaj lij yav tom ntej yuav tsum muaj kev cia siab. Kev xav zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm twb tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm ib qho kev kawm uas muaj kev txwv, rau lub zej zog uas cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav suav nrog, ntawm tus kheej.
Tau txais kev kawm ntawm RNU
Xyaum nyob rau txhua lub nroog muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj cov kev taw qhia ntawm "Kev kawm Defectology". Muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Russia New University (RNU). Nws yog ib lub koom haum kev kawm uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas tau muaj txij li xyoo 1991.
"Kev kawm Defectological" ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Psychology thiab Pedagogy. Thaum nkag mus, txhua tus neeg thov tau txais lub sijhawm los xaiv cov kev kawm yooj yim tshaj plaws rau nws tus kheej. Cov chav kawm nruab hnub muaj 5 hnub hauv ib lub lis piam. Cov khub niam txiv pib ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab New University, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm nws tus kheej mastered txoj kev kawm. Cov chav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv muaj 2 zaug hauv ib xyoos thaum lub sijhawm sib tham, lub sijhawm yog li 20 hnub.
Kev cob qhia ntawm SPSU
Los ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab uas qhia cov kws qhia-cov kws kho mob tsis zoo, ib tus tuaj yeem hais txog Moscow Psychological thiab Social University (MPSU) ua piv txwv. Lub koom haum kev kawm no kuj yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1995.
Moscow Psychological thiab Social University, yav tas los hu ua lub koom haum, siv ntau tuscov kev kawm niaj hnub no. Ntawm lawv muaj "Kev Kawm Defectological" rau kev kawm qib siab. Full-time, part-time thiab extramural forms of education are offered. Master's programs rau kev taw qhia no tsis muaj nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov kawm tiav
Cov neeg uas tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm "Defectological (tshwj xeeb) kev kawm" nyob rau hauv universities thiab tau txais diplomas yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub koom haum:
- hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntawm txhua hom thiab qib;
- hauv tshwj xeeb (kho) preschool, tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kho mob;
- nyob rau hauv cov chaw rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev kho mob, kev qhia thiab kev pab cuam rau cov pej xeem;
- in social security tsev;
- hauv cov koom haum pab dawb thiab pej xeem ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg tsis taus.
Kawm tiav yuav muaj txoj haujlwm nyuaj ua ntej lawv. Thaum ua haujlwm nrog ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb, lawv yuav tsum tau muab kev pabcuam tsis yog rau nws, tab sis kuj rau nws cov txheeb ze. Cia peb ua piv txwv. Yog li, tus kws qhia-tus kws kho mob tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog tus menyuam raws li kev tsim kho qhov kev pab cuam. Ob leeg nws thiab nws niam nws txiv thiab cov txheeb ze xav tau kev pab tsim nyog, vim hais tias tsev neeg ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho thiab kev qhuab qhia. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pab niam txiv yog qhia txog kev txhim kho, kev kawm, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm tus menyuam hauv zej zog. Yog li txoj haujlwm yuavnyuaj, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nthuav, yog li qhov tshwj xeeb "Defectological (tshwj xeeb) kev kawm" tsim nyog mloog.
