Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, uas nws cov npe tau hloov kho txhua xyoo, yog tus tuav cov xwm txheej siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev. Ib tug pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation uas luam tawm scientific tej hauj lwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev paub yuav suav tau rau lub title ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 2017, muaj yuav luag ib txhiab tus neeg kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv Russia, kom meej - 932. Raws li lub charter ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences, lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab tib lub hom phiaj yog kom txhawb kev tshawb fawb nrog lawv cov achievements.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj dhau los ua kev kawm?
Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb muaj ob theem rau nws cov tswv cuab. Lawv yog leej twg, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb? Cov npe ntawm cov neeg no tau hloov kho tas li. Lub npe ntawm cov tswv cuab raug suav hais tias yog junior degree ntawm kev ua tswv cuab, lub siab tshaj plaws - kev kawm. Tib yam kev coj ua tau siv hauv USSR. Cov neeg nyob hauv txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, lawv yuav raug xa mus rau cov tswvcuab txawv tebchaws ntawm kev kawm.
Kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb yog los ntawm cov tswv cuab sib raug. Tsuas yog cov kws tshawb fawb lawv tus kheej muaj cai pov npav. Lub npe no muab khoom plig rau lub neej. Cov kev xaiv tsa zaum kawg tau muaj tsis ntev los no - Lub Kaum Hli 25 xyoo tas los. Lawv lub ntsiab txawv featureyog qhov feem pua ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov tswv cuab tshiab nrog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej - txwv hnub nyoog. Niaj hnub no, ib tug thawj koom ruam yog ua rau rejuvenation. Yog li ntawd, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev xaiv tsa muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 61 xyoo tuaj rau kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Lawv tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences yog qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws uas tau muab rau cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, nws yog ib hom kev lees paub rau pej xeem. Tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag. Cov nyiaj hli ib hlis ntxiv ntawm 100 txhiab rubles.
Tus lej ntawm Cov Neeg Kawm
Nyob rau xyoo 2013, tus lej ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau nce siab, tom qab cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev ua liaj ua teb tau suav nrog cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Yog li, lawv tag nrho cov naj npawb hnub no yog, raws li tau hais, 932 tus neeg.
Yog peb suav tias muaj pes tsawg tus kawm hauv RAS tau raug xaiv los ntawm Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, ces muaj 527. Cov feem pua ntawm cov poj niam tsawg - muaj 13 leeg xwb. 73 cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv lawv cov tswv cuab txij li lub sij hawm ntawm USSR.
Tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij yog tus kws tshaj lij Theodor Oizerman, uas muaj hnub nyoog 102 xyoo thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2016. Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv teev npe yog tus kws kho mob Grigory Trubnikov - nws tsuas yog 40 xyoo xwb. Ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, tus yau tshaj thaum lub sijhawm xaiv tsa yog lwm tus kws kho mob - Alexander Skrinsky (32 xyoo). Thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog tshaj plaws, lub npe no tau muab tsub rau lub physiologist Lev Magazanik. Nws muaj 85 xyoo thaum nws xaiv tsa.
Kev kawm nrog kev paub
Tam sim no, metallurgist Boris Evgenievich yog tus kws tshawb fawb ntev tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb fawbPaton. Nws muaj hnub nyoog 98 xyoo, nws yug hauv Kyiv. Nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Ukrainian SSR, nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum Polytechnic, ua ib tug hluav taws xob engineer los ntawm txoj hauj lwm. Nws ua raws li nws txiv txoj kev taug mus ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Vuam, muaj npe tom qab nws txiv, Evgeny Oskarovich. Thaum nws ua hauj lwm, nws tau los ua tus sau ntau tshaj 400 inventions.
Nws txoj kev xav tau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg thiab semi-automatic vuam, nws kuj tau nthuav tawm thiab tsim cov kev xav ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab arc vuam tshuab, tshawb xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm arc hlawv.
Hnub no, Academician Paton ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv cybernetic, thiab tseem ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov vuam neeg hlau. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem nws kawm yog vuam metallurgy, nrog rau tau txais cov tshiab thiab txhim kho cov hlau uas twb muaj lawm.
Ib qho ntawm nws qhov txiaj ntsig yog kev tsim tshwj xeeb hauv metallurgy - tshwj xeeb electrometallurgy. Nws tus kheej coj kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no, cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv cua sov hauv cov tshuab vuam.
nce qib hauv oncology
Nyob rau xyoo 2004 Mikhail Ivanovich Davydov, tus xibfwb, kws phais-oncologist, tau los ua tus kws tshaj lij.
Nws tau txais kev qhuas zoo los ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb rau nws txoj kev vam meej hauv kev kho mob rau ntau yam qog noj ntshav. Tshwj xeeb, cov qog ntawm txoj hlab pas, plab, ntsws.
Nws qhov txiaj ntsig yog kev siv txoj hauv kev tshiab - anostomosis (kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntim sab hauv ntawm lub cev hollow). Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov kws kho mob tswj hwm los tsim kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hnyuv lossis cov hlab ntsha. Nws txoj kev tshiabtxawv ntawm originality, thaum ua kom yooj yim li sai tau hauv kev ua tiav.
Davydov Mikhail Ivanovich tau ua tiav qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub plab, lub ntsws thiab txoj hlab pas. Thawj thawj zaug hauv oncosurgery, nws yog nws uas tau pib ua kev phais mob ntawm pulmonary aorta lossis vena cava, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Tus qub
Teodor Ilyich Oizerman hnub no yog tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Lub Tsib Hlis xyoo tas los, nws muaj hnub nyoog 102 xyoos. Nws yug los hauv lub xyoo uas tshwm sim ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1 hauv lub zos me me ntawm Petroverovka, xeev Kherson, tam sim no nws yog thaj av Odessa.
Nws txiv tuag tam sim ntawd ntawm tus kab mob typhus xyoo 1922, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas Theodore tau mus ua haujlwm ua tus kws tshaj lij boilermaker ntawm lub chaw kho tsheb.
Nyob rau hauv lub 30s nws tsiv nrog nws niam mus rau lub Vladimir cheeb tsam, xws li nyob rau hauv Ukraine nws poob nws txoj hauj lwm ua ib tug kws qhia ntawv vim tsis paub lus ntawm lub teb chaws. Kev sib tw hu ua "indigenization" tau ua los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet hauv xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s. Nws niam tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv dua, thiab Theodore ua hauj lwm ua ib tug hluav taws xob ntawm lub tuam txhab hlau. Ua ke, nws sau dab neeg thiab tshaj tawm.
Hauv xyoo 1937 nws tau txais ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm nws cov haujlwm los ntawm kev mus pw hav zoov ntawm Lavxias teb sab, tshwj xeeb los ntawm Georgy Adamovich. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsev tshaj tawm hauv lub xeev tsis kam luam tawm cov dab neeg luv luv "On Pekshe", thiab Oizerman tso tseg cov ntaub ntawv.
Tom qab ntawd nws mus kawm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philosophy ntawm Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature thiab History. Parallel moonlightingtus kws hluav taws xob. Tiv thaiv Ph. D. thesis hauv 1941 ntawm kev qhia ntawm Marx.
Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, nws raug xa mus rau pem hauv ntej, tau txais lub plhaub poob siab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk Bulge. Tom qab yeej fascism nyob rau hauv 1951, nws tiv thaiv nws tus kws kho mob thesis, thiab nyob rau hauv 1966 nws tau los ua ib tug kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Kev kawm tob tob txog tej hauj lwm ntawm Kant thiab Hegel.
Tus yau
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, cov npe uas txaus siab rau ntau niaj hnub no, feem ntau yog cov neeg laus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, physicist Grigory Vladimirovich Trubnikov.
Nws tau txais nws txoj kev kawm qib siab hauv Lipetsk. Tom qab ntawd nws ua haujlwm hauv Dubna, xyoo 2005 nws tiv thaiv nws txoj kev kawm PhD. Nws qhov kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau particle accelerators.
Xyoo 2012 nws tau los ua kws kho mob. Nws qhov kev xav tau kev tshawb fawb kuj suav nrog kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua kom txias, kab hluav taws xob tsim, lub nplhaib khaws cia, thiab cov khoom siv taw qhia.
Kev kawm ntawm 32
Ua ntej tshaj li tag nrho cov neeg kawm nyob hauv lub npe no tau txais los ntawm lwm tus kws kho mob - Alexander Nikolaevich Skrinsky. Nws yug hauv Orenburg xyoo 1936.
daws teeb meem ntawm kev sim thiab siv physics. Kawm accelerators thiab siab zog physics. Nrog nws kev koom tes, cov hom kev sib tsoo tshiab kawg tau tsim thiab tsim. Txij li thaum xyoo 1968, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm lub USSR. Thaum ntawd, nws muaj 32 xyoos xwb. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub npe ntawm "Academician ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences".
Nws tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev ntawm electron txias thiab nrhiav kom pompolarized kab teeb. Nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv kev txhim kho kev siv physics, nrog rau kev tsim cov hom lasers tshiab thiab tsim cov thev naus laus zis.
Kev kawm physiologist
Nyob rau hauv 2016, tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences tau txais physiologist Lev Girshevich Magazanik rau hauv lawv qib. Yuav kom tau txais lub npe nto moo ntawm lub hnub nyoog yog ib hom ntaub ntawv, tsawg kawg ntawm cov kev kawm nyob.
Lev Girshevich yug hauv Odessa xyoo 1931. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb - kev ua haujlwm ntawm ion channel, cov nyhuv ntawm neurotoxins ntawm ntau hom thiab hom receptors. Ntawm nws cov inventions yog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem kawm txog lub koom haum ntawm cov molecules hauv daim nyias nyias.
Magazanik tau tshawb fawb sib koom nrog cov kws tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb - hauv Fabkis, Switzerland, Great Britain, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog tsim cov tshuaj tshiab uas pab tsim kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neurons hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv thiab mob
Kev kho mob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau raug xaiv hnub no hauv 12 chav haujlwm thiab ntu. Cov tshuaj nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv teev npe no. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev kawm yog poj niam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog obstetrician-gynecologist Leyla Vladimirovna Adamyan.
Nws yug hauv Tbilisi. Kev kawm hauv Moscow. Los ntawm 1989 mus txog rau tam sim no, nws tau ua tus saib xyuas ntawm lub department ntawm operative gynecology ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb. Xyoo 2004 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Leyla Adamyan nto moo rauqhov tseeb hais tias nws txawj ntse nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm gynecological ua hauj lwm paub rau niaj hnub science. Cov khoom ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb yog kev siv X-rays hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Ua haujlwm ntau rau kev kho cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab menyuam yaus.
Ua tsaug rau nws, niaj hnub kev phais thev naus laus zis tau siv niaj hnub no, uas tau ua kom tsawg kawg ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm adhesions uas tshwm sim tom qab kev ua haujlwm gynecological.
Kev kawm lej
Lwm qhov kev paub txog kev paub ib txwm nyiam los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, cov npe uas tau rov ua dua tom qab ntawd, yog lej.
Hnub no, ib tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo tshaj plaws hauv daim teb no yog Ludwig Dmitrievich Faddeev, uas tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb rov qab rau xyoo 1976. Nws tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua lej physics.
Feem ntau ntawm nws cov haujlwm thiab kev tshawb fawb tau mob siab rau kev daws teeb meem peb lub cev hauv quantum mechanics. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub science, qhov teeb meem no yog paub nyob rau hauv nws lub npe - lub Faddeev kab zauv. Nws kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog Schrödinger kab zauv. Nws yog tus sau ob puas daim ntawv tshawb fawb thiab monographs.
Lawv tuaj yeem txaus siab tias ntawm lawv muaj xws li tus kws tshawb fawb, kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Cov lej siv sijhawm ntau rau kev ua haujlwm theoretical, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau txaus siab rau. Xyoo 2008, Ludwig Faddeev tau txais Shao nqi zog hauv Hong Kong, uas tau muab khoom plig txhua xyoo rau cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tau txais qhov khoom plig hauv kev xaiv tsa "Kev Ua lej" nrog lwm tus neeg sib tw Vladimir Arnold. Lawv pab txhawb rau qhov nrov ntawm kev ua lejphysics.
