Malay yog hom lus tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg Austronesian lus, hais hauv Indonesia thiab Malaysia, nrog rau qee cov pejxeem ntawm Singapore thiab lwm lub tebchaws ciam teb. Cov lus no tau hais los ntawm tag nrho 290 lab tus tib neeg. Kab lus yuav qhia txog cov lus txawv txawv thiab cov neeg Esxias thaum ub.
Qhov twg yog lus Malay
Cov neeg hais lus no nyob hauv Strait of Malacca, suav nrog ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Malay Peninsula thiab raws ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj ntawm Sumatra hauv Indonesia. Ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Kalimantan kuj hais lus Malay. Nws yog siv los ua hom lus ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau sab qab teb Philippines, suav nrog sab qab teb ntawm Zamboanga Peninsula, Sulu Archipelago, thiab sab qab teb (feem ntau yog Muslim) thaj chaw ntawm Palawan (ib kob hauv Philippines).
hom lus no hu ua txawv teb chaws
Vim Malay yog hom lus ntawm ntau lub xeev, cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov lus muaj ntau lub npe. Hauv Singapore thiab Brunei nws hu ua Bahasa Melayu (Malaylus), nyob rau hauv Malaysia nws yog hu ua Bahasa Malaysia (Malaysian lus), nyob rau hauv Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian lus), thiab yog feem ntau hu ua cov lus unifying los yog lingua franc ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm Asia.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv thaj chaw hauv nruab nrab thiab sab qab teb Sumatra, qhov twg hom lus no yog haiv neeg, Indonesians hu nws Bahasa Melayu thiab nws suav tias yog ib hom lus hauv zos.
Standard Malay kuj raug hu ua Judicial Malay. Nws yog tus qauv sau ntawv ntawm kev ua ntej-colonial Malacca thiab Sultanate ntawm Johor, thiab yog li ntawd cov lus qee zaum hu ua Malacca, Johor, lossis Riau Malay (ntau yam ntawm cov npe no tau siv) kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm yam lus. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, nws feem ntau hu ua Malayo-Indonesian.
Kev faib tawm thiab cov lus qhia ntsig txog
Malay yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg lus Austronesian, uas suav nrog cov lus los ntawm Southeast Asia thiab Pacific. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nws yog cov lus ntawm Malayo-Polynesian ceg. Malagasy, uas feem ntau yog hais nyob rau hauv Madagascar (ib kob nyob rau hauv Indian dej hiav txwv), kuj yog ib feem ntawm pawg lus no.
Txawm hais tias txhua yam lus ntawm tsev neeg sib koom ua ke tsis sib xws, lawv qhov zoo sib xws yog qhov txawv heev. Ntau cov lus hauv paus tsis tau hloov pauv ntau thiab zoo ib yam li cov suab hauv cov lus proto-Austronesian, uas tsis muaj lawm. Hauv cov lus ntawm cov lus no muaj ntau cov lus zoo sib xws uas qhia txog cov txheeb ze, qhov chaw ntawm lub cev thiab tsiaj txhu, khoom siv hauv tsev.
Tus lej, tshwj xeeb, hauvhauv paus hu ua yuav luag tib yam hauv txhua hom lus ntawm pab pawg no. Nyob rau hauv cov tsev neeg Austronesian, Malay yog ib feem ntawm cov lus zoo sib xws hu ua Malay, uas tau kis los ntawm Malaysia thiab Indonesian archipelago los ntawm Malay cov tub lag luam los ntawm Sumatra.
Dialect lossis lwm hom lus
Muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog hom lus twg uas feem ntau hu ua "Malay" yuav tsum suav tias yog hom lus ntawm hom lus ntawd, thiab qhov twg yuav tsum tau muab cais ua hom lus. Piv txwv li, Brunei hom lus yog Malay, tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm to taub los ntawm cov neeg hais lus, thiab tib yam muaj tseeb ntawm lwm yam lus.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, qee yam ntawm hom lus no, uas tam sim no suav tias yog kev ywj pheej, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau classical Malay. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua nws cov lus. Kuj tseem muaj ob peb hom kev lag luam Malay thiab creole cov lus muab los ntawm Classical Malay.
Kev hais lus
Malay yog hais nyob rau hauv Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, ib feem ntawm Thaib teb thiab yav qab teb Philippines. Indonesia thiab Brunei muaj lawv tus kheej cov qauv. Malaysia thiab Singapore siv tib tus qauv. Qib ntawm kev siv cov lus no hauv cov xeev no txawv nyob ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai.
Malay yog hom lus hauv tebchaws Malaysia raws li Txoj Cai Lij Choj Malaysia thiab tau los ua ib hom lus hauv Peninsular Malaysia xyoo 1967, thiab hauv East Malaysiatxij li xyoo 1975. Lus Askiv siv rau hauv kev tshaj lij thiab kev lag luam thiab hauv tsev hais plaub siab dua.
Lwm yam lus kuj tau hais los ntawm lub xeev cov haiv neeg tsawg. Qhov xwm txheej hauv Brunei zoo ib yam li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov lus no hauv Malaysia. Hauv tebchaws Philippines, Malay tau hais los ntawm cov neeg Muslim nyob hauv Mindanao (tshwj xeeb, Zamboanga Peninsula) thiab Sulu archipelago.
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau hais lus Creole variant reminiscent ntawm ib qho kev lag luam dialects ntawm Malay. Keeb kwm, nws yog cov lus ntawm lub archipelago ua ntej Spanish txoj hauj lwm. Cov neeg Indonesian tau hais lus nyob rau hauv Davao City hauv Philippines, thiab cov kab lus muaj ntau tau qhia rau cov tswv cuab ntawm Philippines Tub Rog.
Tam sim no, ntau txhiab tus neeg tau kawm cov lus sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj no, suav nrog cov lus qhia Malay. Ntau yam kev pab hais lus thiab cov peev txheej kuj tau siv dav. Coob leej mus kawm cov lus tshwj xeeb.
