Stylists - yog dab tsi? Koj yuav tau txais cov lus teb rau lo lus nug nug los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus nthuav tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav qhia koj txog cov pawg thiab ntu ntawm stylistics uas muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, thiab xav txog kev nthuav dav cov qauv thiab cov tswv yim ntawm lus Askiv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Stylistics yog ib ceg ntawm kev hais lus, lossis kev qhuab qhia philological uas kawm txog cov xwm txheej sib txawv thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev xaiv kev sib txuas lus, nrog rau cov txheej txheem rau kev teeb tsa cov lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntu qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tau nthuav tawm, txoj hauv kev uas siv cov qauv.
Muaj kev faib tawm hauv qab no ntawm kev qhuab qhia zoo li kev hais lus: cov no yog cov ntawv nyeem thiab lus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov npe subtypes tsis raug lees paub.
Yog li, nqe lus ntawm kev hais lus ntawm kev hais lus suav nrog txhua yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hais lus, thiab ntu kev sau ntawv kawm cov phiaj xwm, duab tshuab, zajlus, thiab lwm yam hauv ib qho haujlwm.
Ib tug tsis tuaj yeem hais tsis tau hais tias cov tswv yim ntawm cov lus Lavxias yog qhov sib txuas nrog rau lwm ntu ntawm chav kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm los kawm nws cais ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv thiab theoretical lexicology. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv ua ib hom hauv paus rau tus yam ntxwv txhais lus.
qeb tseem ceeb
Tam sim no koj paub tias style yog dab tsi. Nov yog ib ceg tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus, uas muaj cov hauv qab no:
- style rules;
- style;
- style norm;
- xim xim ntawm hom lus;
- kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj kev qhia lus.
Main Sections
Cov ntu tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhuab qhia yog:
- text style;
- theoretical style;
- hom lus units (lossis hu ua style ntawm cov peev txheej);
- tswv yim style;
- style ntawm ntau hom kev siv lus Lavxias (lossis hu ua ntu ua haujlwm).
Linguistic style
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, stylistics hauv Lavxias tsis raug muab faib ua kev sau ntawv thiab lus. Cov tom kawg yog tag nrho science ntawm kev hais lus style. Nws kawm txog ntau yam lus, uas yog: kev nthuav qhia, kev sib txuas lus, kev ntsuam xyuas, kev paub, kev xav thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cia peb xav txog nws hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog qhov tseeb qhov ua tau ntawm cov lus Lavxias uas tau muab sijhawm ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov ntawv kawm theem nrab.
Kev hais lus zoo
Russian style qhia meej meej cov cai rau kev hais lus. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum paub tias peb tus nplaig muaj tsib yam tseem ceeb, uas yog:
- scientific;
- kwv txhiaj;
- journalistic;
- kev lag luam;
- artistic.
Yuav kom tau lub tswv yim ntawm txhua tus, cia peb saib lawv kom meej.
Science style
Tus qauv ntawm kev hais lus no muaj ntau yam xws li monologue, kev xav ua ntej, kev xaiv nruj tshaj plaws ntawm cov hom lus thiab cov lus, nrog rau kev hais lus zoo. Raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv no tau piav qhia meej thiab meej txhua qhov tseeb, qhia tag nrho cov laj thawj thiab kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm qee yam tshwm sim, txheeb xyuas cov qauv, thiab lwm yam.
kev sib tham style
Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hais lus no ua haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus tsis raug lossis tsis raug cai. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem niaj hnub, kev qhia ntawm lawv txoj kev xav lossis kev xav. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov lus hais lus feem ntau siv rau kev hais lus.
Publicistic style
Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawv, sau ntawv, ceeb toom, feuilletons, xam phaj, thaum pej xeem hais lus, thiab lwm yam thiab lwm yam Nws yog yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus solemn, phraseology, lub siab lub ntsws cov lus, raws li zoo raws li verbless kab lus, siv cov kab lus luv luv, "chopped" prose, rhetorical lus nug, repetitions, exclamations, thiab lwm yam.
kev lag luam style
Nov yog ib txoj kev hais lus uasnquag siv hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo (txoj cai, kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb, kev lag luam tub rog, kev lag luam, kev tshaj tawm, tsoomfwv cov haujlwm, kev sib txuas lus hauv cov koom haum nom tswv, thiab lwm yam).
Art Style
Tus qauv ntawm kev hais lus no yog siv rau hauv ntawv tseeb. Nws muaj zog heev cuam tshuam rau kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus nyeem ntawv, tag nrho qhia cov kev xav ntawm tus sau, thiab tseem siv tag nrho cov lus nplua nuj ntawm cov lus, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev xav. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lwm cov qauv siv tau rau hauv nws.
Style as a discipline
Raws li tau hais los saum no, ntu no yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb teev kawm tsis txaus los kawm tag nrho cov peculiarities ntawm cov qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tias yog vim li cas qhov kev zov me nyuam ntawm qee lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees rau tib neeg suav nrog xws li chav kawm xws li "Stylists thiab literary editing." Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom paub txog cov ntsiab lus theoretical ntawm qhov kev qhuab qhia no, nrog rau kev tsim cov kev txawj ntse hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv tshwj xeeb.
English style
Yuav kom ua tiav qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev txawj ntse hauv ib hom lus txawv teb chaws, nws tsis txaus tsuas yog ua kom paub cov cai sau ntawv yooj yim, nrog rau kawm ob peb puas lossis txhiab lo lus. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub ib tug tshwj xeeb kos duab - "hais lus". Ua li no, hauv koj cov lus nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv tsis tau tsuas yog txhua yam khoom siv stylistic, tab sis kuj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas.siv tej yam kev hais lus kom raug.
Cov cuab yeej siv dab tsi muaj nyob hauv lus Askiv?
Tom qab mus txog theem nrab ntawm lus Askiv, koj xav txhim kho ntau thiab ntau dua. Tab sis rau qhov no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm kom nkag siab thiab xav tias hom lus txawv teb chaws zoo. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev sib piv thiab kev txheeb xyuas. Cia wb mus saib ua ke dab tsi stylistic cov cuab yeej siv ua lus Askiv:
- Metaphors. Qhov no yog qhov kev sib piv zais. Nws yog siv thaum tej yam uas tsis zoo tag nrho ntawm nws raug ntaus nqi rau qee yam khoom lossis tus neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev hloov pauv ntawm qee yam zoo raws li qhov zoo sib xws. Piv txwv li, siv lo lus "hnub qub" siv "nyiaj plua plav", es tsis txhob "hnub" - "pancake", thiab lwm yam.
- Nkauj ntseeg. Cov txheej txheem no qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg lossis cov khoom hauv ib kab lus, thiab tseem qhia txog lub ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, kua muag ntsev, kev hlub tiag lossis dej hiav txwv nrov).
- Kev sib piv. Cov txheej txheem no phim ntau tshaj ib qho kev kawm. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv thiab lwm yam tsis sib xws. Txhawm rau kom paub qhov kev sib piv hauv kab lus, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog cov lus xws li "zoo li", "zoo li", "raws li … as", "zoo li nco txog", "xws li", "rau". zoo ib yam”, etc.
- Metonymy. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog siv thaum ib lo lus hloov los ntawm lwm yam uas zoo sib xws hauv lub ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, "crown" thiab "sword").
- Antonomasia. Qhov no yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm metonymy, yam ntxwv los ntawm kev hloov cov npetus kheej.
- Euphemisms thiab paraphrases. Cov tswv yim zoo li no tau siv ntau zaus hauv lus Askiv. Thawj qhov kev qhia yog siv los ua kom lub tswv yim muag muag, thiab qhov thib ob hloov cov npe ntawm cov khoom nrog cov lus piav qhia thiab tib lub sijhawm qhia lawv cov yam ntxwv.
- Hyperbole. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los tshaj tawm txhua yam zoo (uas yog, txhob txwm xaiv). Nrog kev pab los ntawm hyperbole, koj tuaj yeem muab kev nthuav qhia thiab nthuav tawm rau cov lus hauv qab no: hais rau koj 100 zaug lossis tsis pom muaj hnub nyoog.
- Antithesis. Cov txheej txheem no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm ob qhov tshwm sim lossis khoom (hauv dub thiab dawb lossis tam sim no lossis tsis tau).
- Irony. Cov txheej txheem no zais lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm cov lus. Ntawd yog, tus mloog, saib lossis nyeem yuav tsum twv rau nws tus kheej tias qhov twg yog qhov zais tom qab qee cov lus (piv txwv li, Nws tig nrog lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi ntawm tus npua).
- Oxymoron thiab paradox. Cov ntsiab lus no yog ib qho thiab tib lub tswv yim. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas nws yog tsim nyog los hais txog tej kev txiav txim uas yog contraindications rau tej kev txiav txim zoo (piv txwv li, tsawg dua, tsawg skyscraper los yog qab ntxiag lub ntsej muag). Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov oxymoron yog kab lus, thiab qhov tsis sib xws yog kev xav, tswv yim lossis kab lus.
Speech styles in English
Raws li hauv Lavxias, kev hais lus hauv lus Askiv txawv tsis yog hauv kev hais lus thiab cov tswv yim, tab sis kuj yog cov ntsiab lus dav dav. Cia wb mus saib lawvnthuav dav.
Yog li, hauv lus Askiv muaj cov lus hais hauv qab no:
- Free, lossis hu ua kev sib tham. Nws txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus hais los ntawm cov qauv uas tau txais thiab muab faib ua 2 pawg: paub-colloquial thiab literary-colloquial.
- Ntawv xov xwm style. Tsim los rau lub hom phiaj kev sib kis ntawm cov xwm txheej (hauv kev sau ntawv lossis hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj). Cov style no tsis yog kev xav lossis kev xav.
- kev lag luam. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam yog raws li qhov style no.
- Kev tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci. Cov style no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib xws thiab kev xav.
- Artistic. Cov style no yog siv hauv kev sau ntawv. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xav, kev xav, kev siv cov kab lus, cov lus qhia, nrog rau cov kab lus ntxaws thiab nyuaj.
