Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog ib qho tsim nyog tsim ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag. Yog tsis muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv, nws ua rau tsis muaj qhov muag, vim nws yog los ntawm cov qhov uas lub teeb nkag mus rau lub qhov muag thiab nkag mus rau retina, uas muaj ntau lub teeb thiab xim receptors.
Ntau yam ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv
Xwm tau tsim lub qhov rau qhov kev pom ntawm lub teeb ntawm ntau yam duab. Nyob rau hauv txhua hom kab mob, cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj raws nraim cov duab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau tsiaj, hais txog kev ciaj sia.
Yog li, ib tug neeg cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog puag ncig. Qhov tseeb yog tias peb xav tau cov ntsiab lus hauv txhua qhov kev qhia sib npaug. Ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv puag ncig yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov.
Miv muaj ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntsug. Vim tias thaum yos hav zoov, lawv yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov khoom ntawm kev tawm tsam kom raug txhawm rau txhawm rau suav lub zog ntawm qhov dhia. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntsug pab nrog qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, tsov, tsov ntxhuav, thiab tag nrho lwm cov miv loj muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv puag ncig, ib yam li tib neeg. Tsuas yog miv me xwb thiaj muaj qhov ntsug. Pom tau tias, nrog lub cev siab dua, qhov ntsug ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis pab.
Leej twg muaj tus menyuam kawm ntawv plaub? Muaj ntau hom tsiaj muaj qhov zoo li no.
Tam sim no, thaum tsaus ntuj, lub qhov ua square. Cov tsiaj ntawv twg muaj ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv? Yuav luag tag nrho cov ungulates. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsiaj txhu tsiaj txhu xav tau kev pom dav ntawm thaj av kom muaj sia nyob. Rectangular me nyuam kawm ntawv tso cai rau koj los ua kom qhov chaw ntawm kev pom mus txog 340 degrees. Ntxiv mus, ungulates feem ntau graze nyob rau hauv herds. Ntau lub qhov muag tseem niaj hnub tshawb xyuas thaj chaw. Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog qhov muag tshis, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem tig 50 degrees kom tus menyuam kawm ntawv kab rov tav thaum txav lawv lub taub hau. Los ntawm tilting nws lub taub hau ntawm cov nyom, uas yog, thaum noj mov, tus tshis khaws lub qhov xwm txheej kab rov tav.
Giraffe tub kawm
Nyob hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, cov lus nug hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm kev xeem: leej twg muaj tus menyuam kawm ntawv plaub? Giraffe los yog octopus? Lo lus nug no yog dag. Kuv yuav tsum xav. Tej zaum cov neeg yuav paub tias tshis muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Raws li qhov no, txiav txim siab tias lub giraffe, uas tseem yog hoofed, muaj lub qhov muag duab plaub. Tab sis nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog oval. Nees muaj tib yam. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb qis, lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv loj thiab puag ncig.
tub kawm ntawm cephalopod
Leej twg muaj tus menyuam kawm ntawv plaub? Nyob rau hauv lub octopus. Qhov qhib ntawm nws lub qhov muag yog nruj nruj.
Leej twg muaj tus menyuam kawm ntawv plaub? Hauv cov mongooses. Thaj, kuj yuav ua rau kom qhov pom ntawm cheeb tsam.
Qee lub cephalopods tau muab cov duab zoo sib xws los ntawm qhov xwm txheejcov menyuam kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cuttlefish, lawv yog mob-zoo li tus los yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Latin tsab ntawv "S".
Cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm amphibians thiab cov tsiaj reptiles
Nyob hauv geckos, cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev constricted muaj cov duab ntawm cov hlaws dai ntawm ib txoj hlua.
Amphibians kuj txawv ntawm ntau yam duab ntawm qhov muag qhib. Peb cov qav muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv kab rov tav. Thiab spadefoot muaj ib txoj kab ntsug ntsug, zoo li miv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog yooj yim txawv los ntawm tag nrho cov hluas zoologists. Muaj cov amphibians nrog pob zeb diamond zoo li cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov yeeb yam no kuj pab nthuav qhov muag pom hauv txhua qhov kev qhia.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm duab
Cia peb xav txog qhov piv txwv ntawm ungulates. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj duab plaub muaj qhov muag qhov muag nyob rau yav dhau los. Tab sis lub hnub ci tsis tu ncua yuam cov leeg kom nqaim qhov qhib ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Ungulates yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lawv ob lub qhov muag thiaj li ua kom lub zeem muag zoo txawm tias thaum tsaus ntuj. Cov tsiaj zoo li no tam sim no tau tsim cov leeg nqaij ua lub luag haujlwm rau kab rov tav contraction ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Nws yog daim ntawv no uas tso cai rau koj saib ib ncig ntawm thaj chaw uas dav tshaj plaws yam tsis tig koj lub taub hau. Thaum cov nqaij ntshiv, uas tshwm sim nrog kev ntshai los yog txo qis hauv lub teeb, cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilate. Qhov no ua rau kom lub teeb nce mus txog retina.
Yog li, tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas ntau yam tsiaj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau los xaus tias qhov zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj txhu. Cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab cov neeg sib sau ua ke muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv puag ncig. Hauv ungulates nws yog rectangular. Thiab rau cov neeg yos hav zoov tua tsiaj, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntsug yog qhov zoo dua.
