Puas yog txhua yam kab mob nyob muaj chromosomes? Puas yog tag nrho cov kabmob mammalian muaj cov qauv no? Lub cev muaj pes tsawg chromosomes? Geneticists tau koom nrog kev kawm txog cov teeb meem no. Ntau cov lus nug no twb tau teb lawm. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus lej, qhov loj me thiab cov duab ntawm chromosomes tau siv ntau dua hauv lwm yam kev tshawb fawb lom neeg. Tshwj xeeb hauv taxonomy.
Chromosomes yog cov ntaub ntawv qauv
Chromosome yog dab tsi? Yog hais tias peb xav txog ib tug eukaryotic cell nyob rau hauv siab magnification, ces nyob rau hauv ib txwm lub xeev ntawm no "cib" ntawm cov kab mob, peb yuav tsis pom tej chromosome zoo li cov qauv. Lawv tsuas yog tsim ua ntej ntawm tes faib, thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev yug me nyuam, cov qauv ntom ntom, zoo li yog yaj. Chromosomes yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev faib cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov menyuam ntxhais. Lawv tsim los ntawm DNA molecule thiab cov proteins uas tswj cov qauv ntom ntom ntawm chromosome.
Dab tsi yog karyotype
Txhua tus chromosome muaj nws qhov loj thiab zoo li. ib saibCov kab mob muaj tus cwj pwm los ntawm qee cov chromosomes. Cov tib neeg sib txawv ntawm tib hom ib txwm muaj tib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov qauv, cov qauv no muaj qhov loj thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom.
Yog li, karyotype yog cov cim sab nraud ntawm chromosomes thiab lawv tus lej hauv cov tib neeg ntawm tib hom. Tsis zoo li genome, karyotype tsis suav nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tib neeg, tab sis tsuas yog cov tsos ntawm cov qauv chromosome. Karyotype nta pab taxonomists kom raug faib cov kab mob nyob rau hauv pawg taxonomic.
pes tsawg chromosomes dev muaj
Txhua hom kab mob muaj qee tus lej ntawm chromosomes. Qhov no siv rau tag nrho cov eukaryotes. Prokaryotes muaj lub voj voog DNA molecule, uas tseem muab ob npaug rau lub sijhawm sib faib ntawm tes thiab muab faib rau cov menyuam ntxhais tsis muaj cov qauv chromosome.
Tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes sib txawv heev hauv cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nceeg vaj. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv somatic hlwb muaj 46 chromosomes. Qhov no yog ib tug diploid teeb. Muaj 23 cov qauv hauv tib neeg cov kab mob. Cov dev muaj pes tsawg chromosomes? Lawv tus lej tsis tuaj yeem suav tau yooj yim rau txhua lub cev. Tus dev karyotype muaj 78 chromosomes. Muaj pes tsawg chromosomes hma muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Ntawm no muaj qhov zoo sib xws hauv karyotype. Vim tias txhua tus hma yog cov txheeb ze rau ib leeg thiab rau tus dev hauv tsev. Yuav luag txhua tus hma kuj muaj 78 chromosomes hauv lawv cov hlwb somatic. Qhov kev zam yog hma liab thiab hav zoov aub.
Tus dev muaj pes tsawg chromosomes hauv cov kab mob? Hauv cov kab mob, muaj ob zaug tsawg dua chromosomes dua li hauv cov hlwb somatic. Vim lawv raug faib sib npaug ntawm cov menyuam ntxhais thaum lub sij hawm meiosis.
Tsev neeg canine suav nrog, ntxiv rau dev thiab hma, kuj hma. Lub karyotype ntawm tus dev muaj 78 chromosomes. Hmab muaj pes tsawg chromosomes? Lub taxonomic genera ntawm hma liab yog heterogeneous nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes. Tus hma liab muaj 38. Hmab xuab zeb muaj 40. Hma liab Bengal muaj 60.
Puas muaj pes tsawg chromosomes nyob rau hauv aub lub qe ntshav liab?
Erythrocytes yog cov qe ntshav liab uas nqa oxygen. Lawv npaj li cas? Cov qe ntshav liab uas paub tab yuav tsum muaj ntau ntawm hemoglobin. Vim li ntawd lawv thiaj tsis muaj ntau lub cev, suav nrog cov chromosomes, vim tias tsis muaj nucleus.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav ntawm dev, nrog rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, reticulocytes - tsis paub qab hau erythrocytes. Lawv tsuas yog 1-2 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav liab. Reticulocytes muaj ribosomal RNA, mitochondria, ribosomes, thiab Golgi complex. Tab sis tom qab ib hnub lossis ib hnub thiab ib nrab hnub, cov reticulocytes tau hloov mus rau hauv cov laus erythrocytes uas tsis muaj DNA, thiab yog li ntawd, cov qauv chromosomal.
Ntau npaum li cas chromosomes nyob hauv karyotype ntawm lwm cov tsiaj
Tsiaj hom tsiaj muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv karyotype. Ntxiv mus, tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes nyob rau hauv lub nuclei ntawm lub hlwb ntawm ntau yam tsiaj tsis nyob ntawm seb lub complexity ntawm lub koom haum ntawm ib tug muaj sia nyob. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub somatic cell ntawm ib tug qav, muaj 26 chromosomes. Chimpanzees muaj 48, me ntsis ntau dua tib neeg. Cov qaib hauv tsev muaj 78 tus qauv. Qhov no yog tib yam li tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes hauv dev. Cov carp muaj 104 ntawm lawv, thiab cov lamprey muajLub puab tsaig tsis muaj lub puab tsaig - 174.
Chromosome teeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Cov karyotype ntawm cov ntawv cog kuj muaj ntau haiv neeg. Mos nplej nrog hexaploid txheej ntawm chromosomes muaj 42 cov ntaub ntawv qauv, rye muaj 14, thiab pob kws muaj 20. Txiv lws suav muaj 24 chromosomes nyob rau hauv txhua lub cell, tib tus naj npawb hauv mov. Hauv Jerusalem artichoke - 102.
Muaj cov yeej yeej hauv lub tebchaws cog qoob loo raws li tus lej ntawm chromosomes. Cov no yog ferns.
Muaj txog 1200 chromosomes hauv cell ntawm cov nroj tsuag qub no. Horsetail muaj ntau yam qauv: 216.
Yog li, hauv txhua lub hlwb eukaryotic, tshwj tsis yog erythrocytes, muaj cov chromosomes. Nyob ntawm seb hom tsiaj lossis cov nroj tsuag, qhov ntau ntawm cov chromosomes, nrog rau lawv qhov loj thiab cov duab, kuj hloov. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim hais tias cov chromosomes muaj ntau qhov sib txawv uas tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv no txawv heev. Tus qauv me dua, qhov yuav muaj ntau dua.
