Macronutrients yog cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Lawv yuav tsum tuaj nrog zaub mov hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 25 grams. Macronutrients yog cov tshuaj yooj yim. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si hlau thiab tsis yog hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tas yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub cev hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Feem ntau, macro- thiab micronutrients los ntawm cov zaub mov ua ib feem ntawm cov ntsev thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg.
Macronutrients - Cov tshuaj no yog dab tsi?
Tib neeg lub cev yuav tsum tau txais 12 macronutrients. Ntawm cov no, plaub yog hu ua biogenic, txij li lawv tus lej hauv lub cev yog qhov loj tshaj plaws. Xws li macronutrients yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej ntawm cov kab mob. Cells yog tsim los ntawm lawv.
YBiogenic
Macronutrients suav nrog:
- carbon;
- oxygen;
- nitrogen;
- hydrogen.
Lawv hu ua biogenic, raws li lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia thiab yog ib feem ntawm yuav luag txhua yam organic.
Lwm macronutrients
Macronutrients suav nrog:
phosphorus
TauTus nqi hauv lub cev tsawg dua li cov khoom noj khoom haus biogenic.
Dab tsi yog cov kab lus dab tsi?
Micro thiab macro ntsiab sib txawv hauv qhov uas lub cev xav tau cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua. Kev noj ntau dhau ntawm lawv hauv lub cev muaj qhov tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov tsis txaus kuj ua rau muaj kab mob.
Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov kab ke:
- hlau;
- fluorine;
- tooj;
- manganese;
- chrome;
- zinc;
- aluminium;
- mercury;
- lead;
- nickel;
- Iodine;
- molybdenum;
- Yselenium;
- cob alt.
Qee cov micronutrients ua rau mob hnyav heev thaum noj ntau dhau, xws li mercury thiab cob alt.
Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev?
Cia peb xav txog cov haujlwm uas micronutrients thiab macronutrients ua.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm macronutrients:
- phosphorus. Nws yog ib feem ntawm nucleic acids thiab cov proteins, nrog rau cov ntsev, los ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hniav tsim.
- Calcium. Muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob txha thiab cov hniav. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog rau cov leeg nqaij. Mollusk plhaub kuj yog ua los ntawm calcium.
- NYIAJ Magnesium. Nws yog ib feem ntawm chlorophyll, uas muab photosynthesis hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj, nws koom nyob rau hauv protein synthesis.
- Chlorine. Nws cov ions koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tes excitation.
- Sodium. Ua haujlwm tib yam li chlorine.
- YPotassium. Muab khaws cia cov dej xav tau hauv lub cell. Koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm excitation ntawm tes, thiab tseem tsim nyog rauKev ua haujlwm ntawm enzymes.
- Sulfur. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm nucleic acids thiab proteins.
Txoj haujlwm ua los ntawm qee cov kab ke tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, vim tias qhov tsawg dua cov khoom muaj nyob hauv lub cev, nws nyuaj dua los txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem uas nws koom nrog.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kab hauv lub cev:
- Iron. Koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa thiab photosynthesis. Ib feem ntawm cov protein hemoglobin, uas thauj oxygen.
- Fluorine. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov hniav enamel.
- Copper. Koom nrog hauv photosynthesis thiab ua pa.
- Manganese. Ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb.
- Chrome. Koom tes hauv kev tswj hwm cov metabolism hauv carbohydrate thiab tswj cov ntshav qab zib. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem hloov iodine.
- Zinc. Nws yog ib feem ntawm insulin, ib yam tshuaj uas xav tau los hloov cov piam thaj rau hauv glycogen.
- Aluminium. Koom tes hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rov tsim dua tshiab - kho cov ntaub so ntswg.
- Mercury. Nws yog ib feem ntawm ib co biologically active tshuaj. Nws lub luag haujlwm hauv tib neeg lub cev tsis nkag siab tag nrho.
- Nkauj. Regulates cov ntsiab lus ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav. Activates ib co enzymes. Koom nrog hauv cov metabolism. Stimulates cell faib.
- Nickel. Koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis thiab synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm lub cev. Activates qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj hormone insulin thiab inhibits qhov kev txiav txim ntawm adrenaline.
- Iodine. Ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Xav tau rau cov thyroid synthesistshuaj hormones.
- Molybdenum. Tshem tawm cov dawb radicals ntawm lub cev. Koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov amino acids. Tshem tawm cov hlau ntau dhau ntawm lub cev, khaws cov fluoride.
- Selenium Nyob zoo Txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm iodine, yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, yog ib feem ntawm lub plawv, cov nqaij ntshiv.
Macroelements ntawm tes thiab nws cov microelements
Cia peb xav txog nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv lub rooj.
| Element | Percentage per cell |
| Oxygen | 65-75 |
| Carbon | 15-18 |
| 1, 5-3 | |
| Hydrogen | 8-10 |
| Sulfur | 0, 4-0, 5 |
| 0, 2-1 | |
| Potassium | 0, 15-0, 4 |
| Chlorine | 0, 05-0, 1 |
| 0, 04-2 | |
| Magnesium | 0, 02-0, 03 |
| Sodium | 0, 02-0, 03 |
| Iron | 0, 01-0, 015 |
| Lwm | mus txog 0, 1 hauv tag nrho |
Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm theem ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tab sis nws tsim nyog xav tias, ib txwm, lawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv, tab sis tau ua ke rau hauv cov organic thiab inorganic tshuaj.
Cov khoom noj twg muaj cov ntsiab lus uas lub cev xav tau?
Saib hauv lub rooj, hauvCov zaub mov twg muaj macro- thiab micronutrients.
| Element | khoom |
| Manganese | YBlueberries, ceev, currants, taum, oatmeal, buckwheat, dub tshuaj yej, bran, carrots |
| Molybdenum | |
| Copper | -txiv laum huab xeeb, avocados, taum pauv, lentils, qwj, ntses, ntses, crayfish |
| Selenium | Ntaus, taum, nqaij nruab deg, broccoli, dos, cabbage |
| Nickel | Ntaus, cereals, broccoli, cabbage |
| Sulfur | |
| Zinc | |
| Chrome | poov xab, txiv lws suav, cheese, qe, qe, txiv apples, yub daim siab |
| Iron | Apricots, txiv duaj, blueberries, txiv apples, taum, spinach, pob kws, buckwheat, oatmeal, siab, hom qoob mog, ceev |
| Fluorine | Cov khoom cog |
| Iodine | |
| Potassium | apricts, lazerning, raisins, taum pauv, qos yaj ywm, mustard, pine txiv ntoo, walnuts |
| Chlorine | Nqaij ntses (flounder, tuna, crucian carp, capelin, mackerel, hake, thiab lwm yam), qe, mov, peas, buckwheat, ntsev |
| Yuav khoom noj khoom haus, mustard,txiv ntseej, oatmeal, peas | |
| Sodium | Npaj, seaweed, egg |
| Aluminium | Yuav luag txhua yam khoom |
Tam sim no koj paub yuav luag txhua yam ntawm macro thiab micronutrients.
