The Hellenes - cov neeg taug kev tsis nkees, taug txuj kev nyuaj, tub sab hauv hiav txwv thiab cov tub lag luam - muaj kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg. Lawv populated qhov qis, ob thiab ib nrab kilometers, Mount Olympus nrog immortal thiab zoo nkauj outwardly, tab sis tseem ceeb insidious vajtswv, uas ib txwm zoo siab yog tias tib neeg muaj teeb meem. Lub Hellenes ncig lawv cov vajtswv tsis zoo nrog cov ntxhais zoo nkauj - nymphs - thiab txaus ntshai satyrs - ib nrab neeg, ib nrab tsiaj. Satyrs thiab nymphs tsis nyob hauv huab cua tsis muaj huab cua nthuav dav nrog cov vajtswv siab tshaj plaws, tab sis nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Nymphs thiab satyrs - vajtswv ntawm dab tsi?
Qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum ub tsis paub qhov txawv, thiab thaum cov neeg European paub txog cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg ntawm Hellenes thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance, cov vajtswv qub, satyrs thiab nymphs tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tshoov siab rau cov kws sau ntawv, kws kos duab thiab kws ntaus nkauj. Lawv kawm hais tias cov ntsuj plig ntawm lub roob yog cov nymphs ntawm Oread, cov ntsuj plig ntawm hav zoov thiab ntoo yog cov dryads, thiab cov ntsuj plig ntawm lub springs yog cov naiads. Nyob rau hauv lub tiaj nyom thiab hav zoov nyob limnads thiab napei, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv - nereids thiab oceanids. Cov Greeks tsim cov lus dab neeg nthuav txog ntau ntawm lawv, tab sis ntau ntxiv rau hauv qab no. Peter Paul Rubens tsimzoo heev portrait ntawm ob fauns.
Lawv cov tsos - curly unkempt plaub hau nrog ib tug wreath ntawm grape nplooj thiab horns, ib tug flattened lub qhov ntswg liab los ntawm qaug dej qaug cawv thiab haib ob txhais tes - ib pawg ntawm grapes los ntawm cov cawu cub - tag nrho sib haum mus rau cov lus piav qhia ntawm Greeks. Tsuas yog tus Tsov tus tw ploj lawm. Satyrs tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb: ntawm lawv cov tshis txhais ceg, ib txwm muaj kev ntshaw, feem ntau qaug dej qaug cawv, lawv dhia txhua qhov chaw, caum nymphs, mus txog thaum lawv raug hu los ua haujlwm los ntawm tus vajtswv Dionysus lossis vaj tswv Pan. Cov lus piav qhia no yuav tsum teb cov lus nug: "Cov deities tsis zoo, satyrs thiab nymphs, vajtswv ntawm dab tsi?" Cov no yog cov ntsuj plig uas, raws li cov Greeks, nyob hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej puag ncig lawv. Cov neeg satyr feem ntau caum cov nymphs nrog lub siab tshaj plaws, tab sis cov ntxhais zoo nkauj tau khiav tawm ntawm lawv.
lus dab neeg ntawm nymphs
Satyrs thiab nymphs hauv myths tsis tas yuav nyob ua ke. Zaj dab neeg ntawm nymph Daphne qhia li cas Eros luag ntawm Phoebus zoo nkauj, tua ib tug xub rau nws, ua rau kev hlub, thiab ntawm nymph Daphne, tua. Yog li ntawd nws tus kheej zoo tag nrho, Phoebus, pom Daphne, pib nrhiav nws, thov kev hlub. Tab sis tus ntxhais ntawm tus dej tus vaj tswv Peneus, sai sai khiav tawm ntawm kev tsim txom thiab xav tias nws lub zog tau ncaim nws, thov Vajtswv rau nws txiv. Nws thov kom nws pab nws dim thiab tshem tawm nws lub ntiaj teb. Thiab tam sim ntawd nws daim duab slim pib npog nrog tawv tawv, nws txhais tes tsa hauv kev thov Vajtswv tig mus rau hauv ceg thiab nplooj rustled rau lawv. Tus ntxhais tig mus ua ib tsob ntoo laurel. Nrog kev tu siab, Phoebus sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm laurel. Nws thov kom nws coj ceg los ua nws tus kheej ua paj ntaub, thiab tsob ntoo rustled nws nplooj thiab ua cimkev pom zoo tau hneev lub crown rau Apollo. Cov nymphs peeking tawm ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov ntoo tau retinue ntawm Phoebe tus muam, Artemis tus neeg yos hav zoov.
Thiab lom zem npaum li cas - cov ntxhais luag, dev qw. Thiab thaum Artemis nkees ntawm kev yos hav zoov, ces lawv sawv daws seev cev ua ke rau lub suab ntawm Phoebe lub cithara.
Nyob roob thiab hav
Nyob rau hauv cov lus dab neeg hauv qab no, satyrs thiab nymphs tsis sib sau ua ke dua. Tus nymph Echo, rau nws txoj hmoo, ntsib tus zoo nkauj Narcissus uas tsis hlub leej twg. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais lus rau nws tus kheej, txij li tus vajtswv poj niam Hera tso cai rau nws tsuas yog teb rau ib tus neeg hais lus xwb. Thiab Narcissus, rau txim los ntawm Aphrodite rau tsis teb rau lub siab mos siab muag ntawm Echo, poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws tus kheej thiab tuag, peering ntawm nws xav txog nyob rau hauv dej.
Grape harvest
Qee lub sij hawm nymphs thiab satyrs sib ntsib nyob kaj siab lug thiab sib sau ua ke cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas lub ntiaj teb muab rau lawv.
Cov duab los ntawm Rubens qhia txog lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub foreground stands ib tug haib satyr uas tuav ib tug wicker pob tawb uas muaj bunches ntawm ntsuab thiab dub grapes thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qab nws sawv ib tug ntxim nyiam nymph uas pab nws. Lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Dionysus thiab Pan
Ntawm cov retinue ntawm mysterious, thuam thiab formidable vajtswv Dionysus, koj tuaj yeem ntsib tsis tau tsuas yog satyrs, tab sis kuj yog Vaj tswv Pan. Nws txiv yog Hermes thiab nws niam yog nymph Dryopa. Thaum Pan yug los, leej niam, tsuas yog ntsia ib pliag ntawm tus menyuam, khiav tawm hauv kev ntshai heev. Oh npau suav phem! Tus me nyuam muaj hwj txwv, tshis txhais ceg thiab horns. Tab sis Hermes zoo siab nrog nws tus menyuam thiab coj nws mus qhia cov Olympians. Lawv txhua tus tsuas yog luag xwb. Pan tau nqis los rau hauv ntiaj teb thiab pib ua neej nyob. Shady groves thiab roob tau los ua nws qhov chaw nkaum. Nyob rau hauv lawv, Pan tends herds thiab plays lub flute. Nymphs sib sau ua ke rau nws thiab seev cev ncig nws. Lub suab ntawm nws lub flute yog maj mam thiab tag nrho ntawm kev tu siab. Tom qab tag nrho, Pan yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog zoo nkauj nymph Syringa, uas, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis rov qab nws txoj kev hlub, tig mus rau hauv ib tug reed ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej. Yias tu siab ua rau nws tus kheej ua ib tug syringa yeeb nkab los ntawm ib tug reed thiab tsis tau nrog nws txij thaum ntawd los.
Satires
Lawv zoo li Pan, tab sis tsis muaj nws cov nom tswv. Lawv yog neeg tub nkeeg, tsis sib haum xeeb, ib txwm qaug cawv thiab nyiam hu nkauj tib lub sijhawm. Thaum cov satyrs tsis nrog Dionysus, lawv siv sij hawm nrhiav nymphs.
Nkauj ntxiag, zaum hauv qab tsob ntoo, lawv sim nyiam cov ntxhais zoo nkauj. Tab sis lawv rudeness thiab arrogance repel cov poj niam ntawm lawv. Txhua tus uas pom lawv sim khiav tawm ntawm lub satyrs. Ua ke nrog cov maenads, lawv koom nrog bacchanalia thiab orgiastic festivities ntawm Dionysus. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws yog cov satyrs uas cawm Ariadne thaum nws khiav tawm ntawm cov kob ntawm Crete. Tom qab ntawd, Ariadne los ua tus poj niam ntawm Dionysus. Satyrs yog qus untamed xwm.
Qhov no yog li cas cov Greeks pom qhov xwm txheej, populating nws nrog nymphs, deities thiab ntsuj plig ntawm hav zoov, teb, roob, dej, tab sis tsis muaj tag nrho serenity nyob rau hauv nws, yog vim li cas satyrs tshwm.
