Kev sib tham txog kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb twb tau teeb tsa cov hniav ntawm ntug, tab sis qhov xwm txheej tag nrho tsis muaj zog hloov pauv. Kev lag luam nicotine tseem muaj kev vam meej, nrog rau cov hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb thawj zaug hauv Russia twb muaj 8 xyoo lawm. Thiab qhov saddest tshaj plaws yog tias cov ntaub ntawv no tau txais kev tso cai, lawv tsis xav tsis thoob rau leej twg. Rau cov neeg uas tsis nyiam nyeem ntawv dhau ob peb kab, yog peb tham luv luv txog kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog kev tua tus kheej qeeb.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Yuav luag txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, Tebchaws Europe tsis haus luam yeeb. Tib neeg tsuas tsis paub tias luam yeeb yog dab tsi. Txhua yam hloov pauv nyob rau hauv 1493, thaum lub nkoj "Nina" rov qab los ntawm qhov thib ob ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm Columbus mus rau America thiab moored nyob rau hauv lub Portuguese chaw nres nkoj. Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj yog tshuaj ntsuab tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub xeev Tabago, uas tau coj los haus luam yeeb, li no lub npe ntawm luam yeeb.
Cov tshuaj ntsuab tau txais kev lees paub sai thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thiab pib suav tias yog tshuaj. Nws tshem tawm qhov mob taub hau thiab mob hniav, mob pob txha. Thiab tom qab nws tau muab tawm tias luam yeeb muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo siab, nws tau los ua qhov kev thov dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Fab Kis Ambassador Jean Nicot tswj hwmcais cov tshuaj nquag los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab, uas tom qab tau txais lub npe ntawm nws tus neeg nrhiav pom - nicotine.
Cov kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tau tham txog thaum thawj kis ntawm kev haus luam yeeb lom thiab muaj teeb meem ntawm ntau yam kab mob, feem ntau pulmonary, tshwm sim. Tsoomfwv ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Russia, tau nkag mus rau kev tawm tsam kev haus luam yeeb. Kev nplua hnyav tau raug siv, suav nrog lub txim tuag.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev haus luam yeeb tau raug cai hauv xyoo 1697 thaum lub sijhawm kav Peter I, txawm hais tias nws cov thawjcoj tau tawm tsam nyuaj heev.
Kev haus luam yeeb haus luam yeeb
Yuav kom paub seb qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev haus luam yeeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev, koj yuav tsum saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Thiab ntawm no yog qee yam xav txog: nws muaj txog 4200 yam khoom sib txawv uas nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ntawm cov no, 200 ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tib neeg, suav nrog kev haus luam yeeb tar, nicotine thiab carbon monoxide.
Tsis tas li, cov pa luam yeeb muaj txog 60 cov kab mob muaj zog: dibenzopyrene, chrysene, benzopyrene, dibenzpyrene, benzanthracene thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrosamines muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj xws li radioactive isotopes xws li txhuas, poov tshuaj, bismuth, polonium. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, ntau cov tshuaj lom, cov uas yog cov paub zoo: cyanide, hydrocyanic acid, arsenic.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov pa luam yeeb tau pom tias muaj cov tshuaj toxicity siab, yog li ntawd, muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev. Tsis xav tias cov neeg siv luam yeeb los kho vaj teb los ntawm kab tsuag.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev haus luam yeeb
Kev haus luam yeeb muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws lub ntsiab txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws nkoos txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob loj nrog ib tug tuag taus. Tej zaum tsis muaj ib lub cev hauv lub cev uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Thiab tsis muaj cov lim dej zoo li no uas yuav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Cov kabmob uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm nicotine yog lub siab, lub ntsws thiab lub raum ntawm tus neeg. Tab sis txawm lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Effect rau lub cev:
- Respiratory system. Cov khoom tsis zoo hauv cov pa luam yeeb ua rau lub ntsws ua pa thiab ua rau lub ntsws thiab lub ntsws o.
- plab hnyuv. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub plab nqaim, thiab tso zis ntawm gastric kua txiv nce, los ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb feem ntau tsis qab los noj mov. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntau yam pathologies, gastritis, ulcers, pancreatitis.
- Cov kab mob plawv ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Cov tshuaj lom ua kom puas cov hlab ntsha, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv cov leeg. Lub plawv dhia nrawm dua, ua rau tag nrho cov hlab plawv thiab lub plawv dhia sai sai.
- Lub hauv paus paj hlwb nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov nro tas li vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm nicotine. Vim yog vasospasm, ntshav ntws mus rau nws txo qis, thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen qis dua. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg haus luam yeeb muaj kev nco tsis zoo thiab txo qis kev puas hlwbkev ua tau zoo.
Kev haus luam yeeb yog ib qho nyuaj rau exaggeration, txhua yam yog raug ntaus. Cov kws kho mob tau kawm tias feem ntau kev haus luam yeeb ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob oncological, thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev xeeb tub. Kev noj qab nyob zoo kuj raug kev txom nyem, kev tiv thaiv qis.
kev puas siab puas ntsws vim li cas
Cov kws tshaj lij, kawm txog kev haus luam yeeb, tau txheeb xyuas ntau qhov laj thawj uas ua rau tus neeg haus luam yeeb thawj zaug. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb pom tau tias feem ntau xav paub seb lwm tus twb paub ua si li cas. Thiab rau qee qhov, nws yog lub sijhawm los koom nrog pab pawg: tsis muaj dab tsi coj tib neeg los ua ke zoo li chav sib koom haus luam yeeb.
Qee lub ntsiab yog vim li cas tib neeg haus luam yeeb:
- siab los ntawm sab nraud;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- image;
- poob phaus;
- tus kheej lees paub;
- tsev neeg cwj pwm;
- tsis paub.
Txawm hais tias muaj pov thawj tseeb ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, cov qib ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tseem pheej loj tuaj. Thiab thaum qhov kev xav ntawm thawj tus luam yeeb nyob deb ntawm kev txaus siab, rau ntau yam tib neeg txuas ntxiv mus txog rau cov luam yeeb tom ntej kom txog thaum muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Kev Tsim Txom Nyem
Nicotine, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, yog qhov ua rau kev haus luam yeeb. Ua cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb, nws yooj yim absorbed rau hauv cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub cev thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Thaum nrujTus nqi nicotine nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav nce ntau.
Cov tshuaj lom, nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb, pib koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic. Kev nqus tsis tu ncua ntawm nicotine hauv cov koob tshuaj me me yog qhov ntxiv. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thaum nws cov concentration hauv lub cev txo qis, lub paj hlwb twb muab lub teeb liab xa cov koob tshuaj ntxiv.
Cov lus tseeb, kev txheeb cais, kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub neej thiab tag nrho cov lus hais txog kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj kev nyiam kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Thiab nce ntxiv, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb tau pib tsa rau theem kev cai lij choj.
Poj niam haus luam yeeb
Muaj ib lub sij hawm thaum tus poj niam haus luam yeeb tau pom tias yog ib yam dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees thiab tsis ncaj ncees. Cov tuam txhab luam yeeb, pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam muaj lub sijhawm ua lag luam loj, los ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev tshaj tawm zoo, tau tswj hwm kom hloov pauv kev xav ntawm pej xeem. Niaj hnub no, cov poj niam uas haus luam yeeb tsis surprise leej twg. Tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub tias tus poj niam lub cev muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov luam yeeb ntau dua li txiv neej.
Kev haus luam yeeb rau poj niam yog dab tsi?
- Risk ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos.
- Kev txhim kho pob txha. Vim muaj cov co toxins hauv cov pa luam yeeb, cov tshuaj estrogen txo qis heev, ua rau cov pob txha nkig.
- Kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub plawv nres. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas cuam tshuam rau lub plawv.
- Tsis ua raws li kev coj khaub ncaws.
- Kev xeeb tub thiabdais ib tug me nyuam noj qab nyob zoo. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias 42% ntawm cov poj niam uas haus luam yeeb tsis muaj menyuam thiab txog li 90% ntawm kev nchuav menyuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.
- Kev laus ntxov ntxov.
Cov ntsuas no ua rau muaj kev ceeb toom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Lub tebchaws noj qab haus huv tsis muaj lus nug yog tias ib feem peb ntawm cov poj niam hauv tebchaws Russia tuav cov luam yeeb.
tsis xav haus luam yeeb
Thaum txiav txim siab ua rau lawv tus kheej lom nrog nicotine, tus neeg haus luam yeeb tsis yeem tso npe rau qhov no thiab nws qhov chaw tsis haus luam yeeb. Thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm chav kawm, tsev neeg raug kev txom nyem. Cov kws tshawb fawb txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb passive tuaj rau qhov xaus tias nws muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li kev haus luam yeeb. Cov pa luam yeeb exhaled muaj 1.5 npaug ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntau dua li qhov nqus tau pa.
Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau menyuam yaus txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Cov menyuam mos ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab muaj 11 npaug ntau dua yuav kis tau kab mob. Muaj feem pua ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob hawb pob los ntawm cov tsev neeg haus luam yeeb. Kev sib raug zoo kuj tau tsim los ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav thaum yau thiab nqus tau cov pa luam yeeb.
Qhov kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tau raug pov thawj los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab qhov no tau ua rau ntau lub xeev tsim kev txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb hauv pej xeem qhov chaw.
Kev mob ntawm cawv thiab haus luam yeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tub hluas
Cawv cawv thiab luam yeeb tau dhau los ua daim pib hla hauv tuam txhab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Thiab lawv tsis quav ntsej txog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yav tom ntej. Targeted advertising thiab kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiabpab tau zoo rau cov hluas hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb, tsim ib tug duab ntawm invincible tawv hais mav thiab ntshaw tau ntxim hlub maidens. Thiab txawm hais tias ib tug hluas coj txoj kev coj tus cwj pwm phem, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog phooj ywg, nws hloov siab sai sai.
Kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab cawv ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog yog qhov dav heev uas nws yuav tsis muaj tseeb rau ib leeg tawm ib yam dab tsi. Txhua yam raug puas tsuaj. Lub cev tau txais kev thauj khoom zoo heev los ntawm txhua yam uas tau nqus thiab nqus tau los ntawm tus tub hluas. Nws lub zog tiv thaiv tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim: lawv yuav tsum tau txwv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov koob tshuaj uas tau txais cawv los yog nthuav tawm tom qab nicotine. Dab tsi ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, tso ntshav lom nrog cawv thiab nicotine. Oxygen starvation teeb rau hauv, los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau haus cawv thiab haus luam yeeb ua rau muaj kev pauj rau kev mob hnyav.
Txhob tus cwj pwm phem
Feem ntau, rau tus neeg haus luam yeeb kom tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, koj xav tau kev txhawb zog thiab yog vim li cas. Thiab feem ntau cov cim qhia ntawm lawv tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov no. Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem txhawb nqa zoo li cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hnyav? Txawm tias qhov ntawd tsis txwv qee qhov.
Narcologists muab cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- maj mam txo cov luam yeeb haus ib hnub;
- tshem tawm cov khoom cuam tshuam txog kev haus luam yeeb ntawm lub neej (khoom tais diav, lub teeb ci, pob khoom thaub qab);
- zam qhov chaw uas koj ib txwm haus luam yeeb (chav haus luam yeeb tom haujlwm, tshwj xeebthaj ua rau thaj, davhlau ntawm ntaiv);
- rejection cawv raws li ib tug ncaj ncees khub ntawm luam yeeb;
- nce lub cev ua si;
- muaj mints, cov pos hniav hauv koj lub hnab yog tias qhov kev sim siab dhau lawm.
WHO ceeb toom
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb hais tias kev haus luam yeeb tseem yog lub ntiaj teb ua rau tuag, nrog ntau dua 6 lab tus tib neeg tuag txhua xyoo. Dr. Roy Herbst, uas ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kabmob kheesxaws, hauv nws cov lus hais txog kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, tau sau tseg tias qhov phom sij tseem ceeb rau tib neeg yog: cov hlwb hauv lub cev hloov pauv, uas ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam kab mob loj.
Yuav luag ib thiab ib nrab lab tus tib neeg nyob ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Thiab cov lej txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem pua ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb nyob hauv cov tebchaws tau nyiaj tsawg thiab nruab nrab. Russia tau nkag mus rau tsib lub tebchaws uas haus luam yeeb ntau tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab ua thawj coj hauv kev haus luam yeeb rau cov hluas.
Raws li WHO kev kwv yees, yog tias tsis ua raws li kev ntsuas tsim nyog, ces nyob rau xyoo pua 21st tib neeg yuav poob ntau tshaj li ib lab tus tib neeg tsuas yog vim kev haus luam yeeb.
Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb txog kev haus luam yeeb
Cov ntaub ntawv qhuav tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub siab ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav no yuav txhawb kom koj tso koj txoj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj:
- Rau ib xyoos, tus neeg haus luam yeeb hla 81 kg ntawm cov luam yeeb los ntawm nws txoj kev ua pa, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsws.
- Cov pa luam yeeb muaj ze li 4 npaug ntau dua li cov pa tawm hauv tsheb.
- Ib tug neeg muaj ntau xyoo dhau los ua tus neeg haus luam yeeb poob peev xwm kom pom cov xim kom meej.
- Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib chav nrog tus neeg haus luam yeeb txhua hnub, tus neeg tsis haus luam yeeb tau ib feem ntawm cov pa luam yeeb sib npaug li 7-8 luam yeeb.
- Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tsuas yog 30% tsawg dua kev haus luam yeeb.
- Muaj ob npaug ntau tus neeg haus luam yeeb hauv tebchaws Russia xws li Asmeskas thiab Europe.
- Pom tau tias 70% ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb tuaj yeem tso luam yeeb yog tias lawv xav tau, lawv tsis muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.
