Rau qhov credit ntawm ntau tus neeg tuaj saib hauv Is Taws Nem, lawv txaus siab tsis yog hauv tus kheej lub neej ntawm cov hnub qub ua yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis kuj tseem muaj teeb meem kev nyeem ntawv. "Yuav sau li cas: "los" lossis "los"? yog ib lo lus nug nquag nug los ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm World Wide Web. Wb sim saib seb.
Peb sib cav dab tsi?
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm theem pib, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev daws qhov teeb meem no. Ob lo lus no yog cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis kawg (infinitive), vim hais tias lawv teb lo lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas?" Lub infinitive yog raws nraim qhov txhais cov lus qhia hauv phau ntawv txhais lus. Yog li dab tsi yooj yim dua? Peb qhib phau ntawv txhais lus thiab kos: tuaj lossis tuaj?
Tag nrho cov phau ntawv txhais lus niaj hnub no yog kev sib koom siab: qhov kev xaiv raug yog "los". Tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj, kev tsis ntseeg tshwm sim, thiab nws yog qhov lus qhia no ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg?
Cia peb tig mus rau classics. Ib qho kev ua si los ntawm A. S. Pushkin "Lub Pob Zeb Qhua", ib tsab ntawm 1948: "Hais kom tus pej thuam tuaj rau Dona Anna tag kis tom qab yav tsaus ntuj thiab sawv ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub moos." Nws yog dab tsi? Lub luminary ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam tsis paub lub spelling ntawm lo lus "tuaj", thiab cov Soviet proofreaders, paub txog lawv cov meticulousness, tsis kho cov ntawv nyeem ua ntej.foob?
Leo Tolstoy: "Koj yuav tsum los rau hauv lub xeev ntawm ib tug menyuam yaus" (los ntawm kev xav txog kev ntseeg). "Koj pom, kuv tuaj, yog li kuv tuaj yeem tuaj" (los ntawm kev sau ntawv ntiag tug). Cov ntawv no kuj tau luam tawm thaum lub sij hawm Soviet xyoo. Puas yog yuam kev?
Cia peb mloog cov kws txawj
Tsis muaj yuam kev. Tau ntau xyoo, kev xaiv ntawm lo lus "tuaj" lossis "tuaj" tsis muaj hnub no, thiab qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov zoo dua.
Tig mus rau lub luminaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, koj tuaj yeem pom cov hauv qab no. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Vladimir Dahl, qhov tseeb, tsis muaj teeb meem: tuaj los yog tuaj? Raws li sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, ob qho tib si kev xaiv yog lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm Efremova thiab nyob rau hauv lub spelling ntawm Ozhegov, tsuas yog cov lus qhia "los" yog tam sim no. Hauv Ushakov peb pom tib qhov kev xaiv raws li qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis cov ntawv sau "tuaj" thiab "pritti" kuj suav tias yog siv tau. Raws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia no, nrog rau cov niaj hnub "Kuv yuav los, koj yuav los", cov kev hloov pauv "Kuv yuav los, koj yuav los" kuj raug tso cai - cim "tso tseg"
Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev sau ntawv tsuas yog piav qhia los ntawm ntau hom lus tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias thiab cov kab lig kev cai uas muaj nyob hauv nws. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no kuj txuas nrog rau qhov no: dab tsi yog qhov zoo los yog tuaj? Thaum ntsib kev xaiv "los" hauv cov phau ntawv qub lossis lwm qhov chaw, ntau tus tseem xav tias nws yog qhov tseeb.
Cunning?
Ib tug, kom tsis txhob rack lawv lub hlwb hla kev sau ntawv, qhia yooj yim hloov cov lus tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lawv cov lus hais: tuaj txog, tuaj txog, tuaj. Tab sis,Tau kawg, qhov kev pom zoo no tsuas yog suav tias yog lus tso dag xwb. Ib lo lus nqa nws tus kheej semantic load, thiab hloov nws nrog ib tug synonym tej zaum yuav tig tawm los yog feem ntau tsis tsim nyog los yog indigestible vim muaj ntau lub tswv yim. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias "los ntawm kev pom zoo", tab sis peb yuav tsis siv cov lus qhia "los txog" hauv qhov xwm txheej no. Hauv paus ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia "los ntawm ib hnub", qhov kev xaiv no siv tau, thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais yuav tsis raug kev txom nyem. Tab sis kuv xav pom ib tug hluas nkauj uas nws tus hlub (tshwj xeeb yog nws tsis yog tub rog) hais tias nws thov kom nws tuaj hnub tim…
Thiab yog tias yog?
Txawm tias siv qhov ze tshaj plaws infinitive "kom tuaj" yuav tsis cawm qhov xwm txheej. Los yog daim ntawv zoo meej ntawm cov lus qhia, uas qhia txog qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev txiav txim: kom nco qab, tuaj nres. Thiab tuaj yog daim ntawv tsis zoo, nws tsis txhais hais tias yuav tsum tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig. Los rau qhov nres tsis tau txhais hais tias nyob ntawd, kev nco qab tsis tas txhais hais tias sawv.
Tej zaum peb yuav tsum tsis txhob dag? Puas yog nws tsis zoo dua los tsuas yog nco ntsoov sau ntawv kom raug? Los, raws li cov cai tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1956, tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv uas tau txais tam sim no,
Puas tawm tsam
Nco ntsoov, txawm tias ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no tsis cawm peb ntawm kev ua xyem xyav tshiab thiab kev tawm tsam. Vim li cas ntawm ob txoj kev xaiv - yuav los lossis los - yog thawj tus xaiv? Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov lus qhia zoo sib xws yam tsis muaj lub npe - "mus", tab sis cov lus"mus" lossis "mus" tsis muaj nyob hauv Lavxias. Muaj "d" hauv lwm hom: Kuv yuav los, lawv yuav tuaj. Lub logic nyob qhov twg hauv kev xaiv qhov infinitive "kom tuaj"?
Nyob zoo rau lub suab ntawm lo lus no. Hauv kev hais lus, lub suab ntawm "y" feem ntau ploj, feem ntau "pritti" tau hnov txhua - vim li cas ho tsis sau nws zoo li?
Cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem ib leeg, tsis nkag siab qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev xaiv, txawm xav txog qhov "los" kev xaiv raws li kev ua phem rau qee tus neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev kawm uas tau txais cov cai no. Leej twg paub, tej zaum yog li ntawd. Qhov no version yog qhov nthuav ntau dua yog tias koj saib lub xyoo cov kev cai tau pib siv. 1956: N. Khrushchev coj lub tebchaws. Muaj pes tsawg qhov kev txiav txim siab yeem tau ua nyob rau xyoo ntawd?
Thiab philologists yog rau nws
Kev xaiv ntawm daim ntawv "tuaj" yog qhov kev sib cav tsis yog rau cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj rau ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog qhov tseeb. Nrog rau kev siv rau Kozma Prutkov ("Saib hauv paus!"), Ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv Is Taws Nem tsuas yog muab cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov lus no. Nyob rau hauv infinitive "tuaj" thiab nyob rau hauv nws ntau yam lo lus cov ntaub ntawv (mus, mus, sab laug, thiab lwm yam), nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau ib leeg tawm hauv paus. Tsuas yog "thiab" tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib feem tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm (taug kev, sab laug) lossis hloov mus ua "th" (mus, tawm). Rau lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic lus, uas cov lus qhia "mus" belongs, lub xeev ntawm cov xwm txheej no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim. Parsing lo lus "mus" yuav muab peb lub hauv paus "thiab", lub infix "d", lub ntsiab lus "ti". Los ntawm qhov kev pom no, qhov kev xaiv "tuaj" yog qhov laj thawj zoo: "ntawm" -prefix, "y" - lub hauv paus thiab tib lub ntsiab lus.
Cov lus teb no puas haum rau txhua tus? Txawm hais tias nws tus kws sau ntawv, sim qhia thiab ua pov thawj yuav ua li cas sau "tuaj" kom raug, yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas lwm lo lus ntawm cov lus qhia no, tseem tsis nco qab hais txog cov txheej txheem lus nyuaj thiab lawv qhov nyuaj los piav qhia cov txiaj ntsig. Tej zaum qhov ntawd yog qhov taw tes?
About Russian
Los ntawm netizens, raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev tsis txaus siab: "tuaj" lossis "tuaj", kev sau ntawm ntau lo lus kuj tau nug. Yog vim li cas, piv txwv li, peb puas sau "Bolshevik" thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm " ruam", "kulak", yog hais tias, logically, tag nrho cov 3 lo lus yuav tsum muaj tib lub ntsiab lus? Tus sau lo lus nug no sim tawm tsam. Zoo li, lub variant "Bolshevik" yog tsim los ntawm "Bolshevism", thiab tsis yog los ntawm "Bolshevik", thiab yog li ntawd tsis yog sau los ntawm "c", zoo li "kulak". Tab sis cov lus teb zoo li no tsis txaus ntseeg, vim tias lo lus "Bolshevik", txawm hais tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus, feem ntau tsis siv hauv kev xyaum. Txawm hais tias tus qauv no yog dab tsi, qhov kev xaiv thib ob feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho adjective.
Lo lus "Bolshevik" thiab txhua yam txuas nrog nws tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam ntxiv lawm, thiab koj tsis tas yuav puzzle tshaj lawv cov ntawv. Tab sis muaj pes tsawg lo lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, qhov kev sau uas ua rau koj xav tias tob!
Yuav sau li cas: "Kuv yuav yeej" lossis "Kuv yuav yeej"? - comrades txaus siab. Tab sis tsis muaj txoj kev! Tsis muaj cov lus li ntawd! Rau cov lus qhia "yeej" nyob rau hauv 1 tus neeg singular ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tense, tsuas yog tsis muaj daim ntawv. Cov kev xaiv tsim nyog heev yog "Kuv tuaj yeem yeej", "Kuv ua tauyeej."
"Tsis txhob dag rau daim iav ntawm koj lub rooj" yog classic version ntawm qhov yuam kev uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo "Peb Yuav Nyob Txog Hnub Monday". Muaj ob qho kev nkag siab yuam kev: "ntev" thiab "ntev". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov: cov lus qhia "nteg" yam tsis muaj prefixes tsis muaj nyob. Qhov kev xaiv raug yog "muab". Tib qhov lus qhia, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj tsis siv nrog prefixes; ntawm no tsuas yog lo lus "muab", "invest", thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem muaj tseeb.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau lub siab xav ntawm qhov lus qhia "mus"? Zoo, yeej tsis "mus" lossis "mus"! "Mus", "tuaj", "tso rau hauv" yog cov kev xaiv tsim nyog.
About borrowed words
Yog qee zaus nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab sau cov lus Lavxias, peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog cov lus txawv teb chaws? Kev tsis kam siv lawv, raws li qee tus neeg mob siab rau lub taub hau hais, tsis tsim nyog - nws kim dua rau koj tus kheej! Qhov twg yooj yim dua: hais tias "cua txias" lossis tuaj nrog qee cov ntsiab lus tshiab xws li "cua-nqus-txias"? Cas nyuaj dhau!
Yog li koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Piv txwv li, koj nyiam kas fes yog espresso, tsis yog espresso; lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev thiab dej haus muaj qhov sib txawv.
About Lenin cov lus qhuab qhia
"Study, kawm thiab kawm dua!" - Ulyanov-Lenin ib zaug hu, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog pom zoo nrog cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub ntsiab Bolshevik. Kev kawm yog tib txoj hauv kev ua kom koj cov ntawv sau thiab hais lus ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Txhua qhov chaw nws hloov tawm, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov twg nws tsis ua hauj lwm, cia li nco ntsoov. Thaum kawg kawm sau ntawvxauj cov phau ntawv txhais lus.
Internet qee zaum xav txog cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus qhia peb tab tom tshuaj xyuas. Lawv nug seb yuav sau li cas: "tuaj" lossis "tuaj"? Nws yog ib qho kev txaj muag los teb cov lus nug no - qhov xwm txheej raug tshuaj xyuas kom meej hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia. Zoo, tau kawg nws tuaj! Tsab ntawv "o" tom qab hissing tseem ua tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob peb lub npe (seam, hlawv), tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm verb endings nws ua tsis tau. Ntawm no koj tsis tas yuav rhuav koj lub taub hau ntawm kev sau ntawv, tsuas yog khaws phau ntawv thiab kawm cov cai.
Vim li cas?
Tab sis nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas los sau kom raug? Tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho cov neeg thiab tiam neeg tau ua tsis muaj kev nyeem ntawv, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi! Kev sib txuas lus hauv Is Taws Nem tam sim no qhia txog kev nyeem ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev hais lus thiab nrhiav hom lus. Thiab yog tias lawv tsis ua, nws yog vim kev nom kev tswv lossis lwm qhov tsis sib xws, tab sis tsis txhais tau tias vim yog yuam kev hauv tsab ntawv.
Rau qee qhov, hais txog qhov xav tau los qhia koj cov kev xav zoo nkauj thiab tsis muaj qhov yuam kev tsis muaj qab hau. Cov neeg uas xav tias yuav tsum tau nyeem ntawv nrhiav txhua lub sijhawm los txhim kho lawv txoj kev paub thiab nthuav lawv cov lus. Leej twg yuam kev thiab tus pluag yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub neej hauv ntiaj teb no, nws yuav nyob mus ntxiv yam tsis tau mloog tej lus ntuas.
Tsuas yog…Rau cov neeg kawm ntawv, yuam kev ntawm lwm tus tsab ntawv ua rau lub qhov muag mob heev, thiab kev hwm rau lawv tus sau tam sim ntawd ploj. Ib tug neeg sib piv cov ntawv nyeem tsis paub nrog lub caj dab qias neeg ntawm nws tus tswv, rau ib tus neeg sau ntawv yuam kev yog zoo li stains ntawm khaub ncaws. Puas muaj leej twg xav tau lub npe hu ua slut nyob rau hauv neeg txawvob lub qhov muag?
