Lavxias teb sab tuaj yeem lees tias lawv nyob hauv lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm Russia thaum pib ntawm 2014 yog hais txog 17,125 txhiab square kilometers, uas yog ob npaug ntawm Canada, uas nyob rau hauv thib ob. Thiab xws li ib thaj chaw loj ntawm peb lub xeev tau tsim maj mam, dhau ntau pua xyoo. Txhua yam pib nrog cov saw hlau me me uas tau tshwm sim raws txoj kev lag luam los ntawm Scandinavia mus rau Constantinople ("los ntawm Varangians mus rau Greeks") nrog lub nroog loj - Novgorod thiab Kyiv. Thaj chaw ntawm cov nroog Lavxias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd me me heev.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab kev lag luam ntawm Russia tau raug coj mus rau Tebchaws Europe, tab sis lub xeev yuav tsum tau nthuav dav mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, txij li cov neeg Finno-Ugric me me nyob rau ntawd, uas, sib xyaw nrog cov pab pawg Slavic tuaj txog, pib. tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov haiv neeg Lavxias. Nyob rau sab hnub poobtib lub ntees nyob sab Europe, qhov twg cov pejxeem coob heev.
Tebchaws Russia tau loj dua li niaj hnub Saudi Arabia
Nyob rau hauv lub 10th-12th centuries, cov Slavs pib nquag tshawb nrhiav thaj chaw ntawm Oka thiab Volga dej, qhov twg Krivichi pib tsiv los ntawm Novgorod, thiab lub Vyatichi los ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub poob. Txoj kev lag luam tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv Volga, uas ntws mus rau hauv Hiav Txwv Caspian, thiab cov chaw lag luam tshiab tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj (Ryazan, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, thiab lwm yam).
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, thaj tsam ntawm Russia (Rus) yog 2.5 lab square meters. kilometers. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb centuries tom ntej no tsis zoo rau kev nrhiav tau hauv thaj av, txij li thaum xyoo 13th-15th Russia tau tawg mus rau hauv cov thawj coj me me thiab tau kov yeej los ntawm cov tub rog Mongol-Tatar, cov tub rog Polish-Lithuanian. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog nyob rau sab qaum teb (cov neeg tau khiav mus rau qhov ntawd, nrhiav tau ib pawg neeg ntawm Pomors ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Barents thiab White Seas). Lub sijhawm ntawd, thaj tsam ntawm Russia tsuas yog 2 lab square meters. mais, uas, txawm li cas los xij, loj dua thaj chaw ntawm Mexico niaj hnub lossis Saudi Arabia (kwv yees li 1.9 lab square kilometers txhua).
Russia thaj tsam triples
Hauv xyoo pua 14th, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Moscow pib ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv Lavxias kev nthuav dav, uas tau txais los ntawm Golden Horde txoj cai los sau cov khoom plig los ntawm lwm thaj av. Lub xeev tsim no maj mam ntxiv dag zog thiab nyob rau hauv 1380 yeej thawj yeej ntawm Mongols-Tatars. Ntxiv rau thaj chaw muaj nyobVeliky Ustyug, Tula, Rzhev, Nizhny Novgorod tau annexed, thiab yeej ntawm Ugra River nyob rau hauv 1480 freed Lavxias teb sab av los ntawm Horde dependence thiab ua kom nws muaj peev xwm nthuav mus rau sab hnub tuaj.
Thaum Ivan qhov txaus ntshai los ua lub hwj chim, nws tau muab lub Astrakhan thiab Kazan khanates mus rau Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm, thaum sim nthuav dav mus rau sab hnub poob hauv 14th-17th centuries ua tsis tiav. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb feem ntau ntawm Siberia, Urals tau pib, cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias tuaj txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Okhotsk, tsim lub nroog nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab npaj pluas nuv ntses. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thaj tsam ntawm Russia yog 7 lab square meters. km.
Kev tsim ntawm tebchaws Russia
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim-thaum kaum cuaj caug xyoo, kev tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws pib, thaum lub sab laug-Bank Ukraine tawm ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub Commonwe alth thiab tau los ua ib feem ntawm dab tsi yog Russia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Peter lub Great "txiav lub qhov rais mus rau Tebchaws Europe", tau tuav thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Estonia thiab Latvia. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm faib ntawm lub Koom Txoos, Belarus, Lithuania thiab Right-Bank Ukraine tau dhau mus rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nws muaj peev xwm yeej rov qab cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Azov thiab Dub Seas los ntawm Ottoman, thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, mus rau Finland. Tsis tas li ntawd, Bessarabia tau txuas ntxiv rau lub sijhawm no. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub sij hawm saum toj no yog 16 lab square meters. kilometers.
Thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws mus txog 24 lab square meters. kilometers
kwv yees li 8 lab ntxiv sq. kilometers (txog 24 mln.sq. km) thaj tsam ntawm Russia tau nce los ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th vim qhov nkag ntawm Georgia thiab Armenia (raws li qhov kev thov ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov cheeb tsam no), ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov av ntawm North Caucasian haiv neeg, kev yeem annexation ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov cheeb tsam Kazakh, Kyrgyz thaj av. Lub tebchaws Khiva thiab Bukhansk tau nkag mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, thiab Alaska (uas tom qab muag rau Asmeskas, xyoo 1867), Primorye thiab Amur cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm kev thaj yeeb annexation.
Tough twentieth century
Ib tug nab npawb ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum lossi hloov lub nom tswv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv uas tej thaj chaw uas tau tshwm sim thiab ploj mus. Piv txwv li, Finland, uas tau kos npe rau kev ywj pheej los ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, pauv ib feem ntawm thaj chaw (lub nroog ntawm Vyborg thiab nws ib puag ncig) rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab lwm yam. Lub tebchaws Soviet, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv yav dhau los thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman nyob rau hauv lub post-ua tsov ua rog lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug ntau lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 22.4 lab km thiab tsis tau ua tej yam tseem ceeb los hloov lub teb chaws, tshwj tsis yog rau lub internal hloov ntawm Crimea los ntawm lub RSFSR. Ukrainian SSR nyob rau hauv 1954.
Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR thiab rov qab ntawm Crimea rau Russia
Hais txog 17 lab 125 txhiab square kilometers - qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw ntawm Russia tig tawm tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union thiab kev sib cais ntawm 15 lub tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias feem ntau thaj chaw yav qab teb nrog kev nyab xeeb zoo sib cais, thaum thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Russia suav nrog thaj av loj nrog permafrost,qhov twg muaj tej yam ntuj tso hnyav rau tib neeg nyob. Yog li ntawd, cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas nws qhov nruab nrab ntom yog tshaj 8 tus neeg ib sq. km., faib tsis ncaj ncees lawm - feem ntau ntawm nws yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov twg qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm 4.6 txhiab tus neeg ib square meter tau tshwm sim. km. - hauv Moscow, thaum nyob hauv Chukotka nws tsis pub tshaj 0.07 tus neeg nyob hauv tib cheeb tsam.
Lub Peb Hlis 2014, raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Crimea, thaj chaw no nrog huab cua zoo rov qab los rau peb lub tebchaws, thiab thaj tsam ntawm Russia nrog Crimea pib 17,151 txhiab square meters.. kilometers, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm Crimean Federal District - txog 26.9 txhiab square meters. km.
Feem ntau ntawm Russia cov pej xeem nyob hauv nroog
Muaj ib zaug, thaj tsam loj ntawm Russia tau npog nrog hav zoov, thiab thaum lub sijhawm Soviet, kev plunder ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj no tsis raug tso cai tshwj xeeb, yog li tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, txog 46. % ntawm Russia thaj chaw muaj enviable hav zoov. Niaj hnub no daim duab no tsawg dua. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj tsam ntawm Russia (nrog Crimea) yog thaj av tseem nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam minerals, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj, fauna, dej kev pab thiab cov chaw uas tsis tshua muaj kev zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lub post-Soviet lub sij hawm, vim lub cev qhuav dej ntawm collective ua liaj ua teb thiab tsis ua hauj lwm, cov pej xeem nyob deb nroog tau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub nroog, qhov twg hnub no mus txog rau 77% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov Russians nyob. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab nroog tsis tau tsim los txog rau hnub no. Nws tsuas yog paub tias megacities nrog thaj tsam ntawm 100 sq. km los yog ntau duaLavxias teb sab Federation raws li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav 2014, muaj ntau tshaj 120 units, nrog rau Moscow nrog thaj tsam ntawm 2550 square meters. km, Volgograd - txog 860 sq. km, St. Petersburg - txog 1440 sq. km. etc.
