RB yog Russia tus neeg nyob ze tshaj plaws thiab ntseeg tau kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav saib cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov pej xeem ntawm Belarus. Cia peb nco txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws.
Quick reference
Tam sim no, thaj chaw ntawm Republic of Belarus tau muab faib ua rau thaj tsam thiab ntau tshaj li ib puas lub nroog. Cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj loj hauv lub tebchaws:
- cheeb tsam Brest;
- cheeb tsam Vitebsk;
- cheeb tsam Gomel;
- cheeb tsam Grodno;
- cheeb tsam Minsk;
- Mogilev cheeb tsam.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab tsim kho tshaj plaws, los ntawm kev pom kev lag luam, yog Minsk agglomeration. Ua ntej peb teb cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog thaj tsam ntawm Belarus, cia peb xav txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Lub cheeb tsam muaj 22 cheeb tsam uas nyob ib leeg. Lub peev ntawm lub xeev Minsk tsis suav nrog subdivision ntawm ib cheeb tsam. Nws yog lub tsev rau ib feem peb ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev.
Thaj chaw ntawm Belarus yog 207,595 square kilometers. Nws nyob hauv tsev txog kaum labTib neeg. Thiab Minsk nws tus kheej nyob thaj tsam ntawm 348 km². Nws muaj yuav luag ob lab tus neeg nyob. Nws muab faib ua ob peb cheeb tsam loj. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub peev yog sawv cev los ntawm architectural cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Stalin era. Cov zej zog tshiab yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov siab thiab ntau qhov chaw ua si.
Dab tsi yog thaj tsam ntawm Belarus los ntawm cheeb tsam? Lub cheeb tsam Brest stretches tshaj 32,786 km². Nws muaj 1,400,000 tus neeg sau npe. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm Vitebsk tshaj 40,000 km². Tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov neeg nyob tau mus txog 1,187,000. Lub tebchaws Gomel yog 40,371 km2, thiab cov pejxeem yog 1,420,000.
cheeb tsam Grodno yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Nws occupies ib thaj av ntawm 25,126 km². Nws muaj 1,000,000 tus neeg nyob. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm Minsk cheeb tsam, tsis suav nrog lub nroog peev, yog 39,853 km². Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yuav luag txog 1,500,000. Lub cheeb tsam Mogilev yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov loj me, nws cheeb tsam yog 29,067 km². Ib lab tus tib neeg tau sau npe rau hauv.
keeb kwm keeb kwm
Thaj chaw ntawm Belarus niaj hnub no txawv ntawm lub tebchaws uas nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 10th. Tau ntau pua xyoo, lub xeev yog ib feem ntawm ntau lub zog, thiab nws thaj chaw tau rov ua dua. Lub koom pheej yog ib feem ntawm Polotsk thiab Smolensk thawj tswj hwm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Commonwe alth. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nws yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.
Txog xyoo 1930, Belarus Square tau koom nrog Poland. Lub koom pheej tau thim tawm ntawm USSR xyoo 1991, tshaj tawm nws tus kheej lub tebchaws. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub xeev tau muab faib tsis tau rau hauv cheeb tsam thiab cheeb tsam, tab sis mus rau hauvvoivodeships, xeev, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Cov chav tswj hwm raug tshem tawm. Cov cheeb tsam loj tau muab faib, cov xeev tshiab tau tsim. Cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm lub tebchaws tseem tsis tau hloov pauv txij li xyoo 2009.
Geography thiab Toj roob hauv pes
thaj chaw ntawm Belarus tshaj 200,000 square kilometers. Lub teb chaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Nws muaj ntau ciam teb nrog Ukraine, Lavxias teb sab Federation, Lithuania, Poland thiab Latvia. Lawv qhov ntev yog yuav luag 3,000 km. Qhov ntev ntawm lub xeev yog 650 km. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm Minsk mus rau Moscow yog 700 kilometers.
Raws li kev ntsuas ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub zog, thaj tsam ntawm Belarus hauv km2 siv 84th txoj haujlwm. Thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws yog feem ntau tiaj tus. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub roob nce mus txog 350 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Grodno cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub Neman lowland. Nws qhov siab tsuas yog 80 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.
Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm lub tebchaws:
- lub nroog siab;
- Khotimsk;
- Mosquito;
- kev txiav txim siab ntawm Verkhnedvinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Lake Osveisky.
Huab cua
Kev nyab xeeb thoob plaws hauv Belarus yog huab cua continental. Nws yog characterized los ntawm me me thiab snowy winters thiab kub thiab ntub lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis. Meteorologists ceeb toom ib maj mam ua kom sov ntawm huab cua. Lub caij ntuj no hauv tebchaws tau dhau los ua 1 ° C warmer.
Demographic duab
pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no hauv koom pheej ntawm Belarus yog cimib qho kev nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm ntuj poob hauv cov pejxeem thiab kev txo qis ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaj tsam ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus tso cai kom cov pej xeem ceev. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab rau ib txhiab tus neeg tau mus txog 11 tus menyuam yaus. Txog xyoo 2000, daim duab no yog 9.9. Lub neej expectancy tshaj 70 xyoo txawv teb chaws.
Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws tau tshaj 10,300. Tus menyuam mos tuag tus nqi qis zuj zus. Cov theem ntawm demography nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, nrog ib tug tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Belarus ntawm 207 txhiab km², sib haum mus rau tag nrho cov-European qauv. Lub ntuj poob yog maj mam txo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov loj ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm lub xeev tseem siab.
Cov kws kho mob txhawj xeeb txog tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm cev xeeb tub hauv cov poj niam Belarusian. Xya tawm ntawm kaum tus poj niam hauv kev ua haujlwm muaj kev kuaj mob ntev. Tus naj npawb ntawm pathologies kuaj pom hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas yog loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis muaj zog ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub tebchaws yog kev tsim txom ntawm cov dej cawv. Kev siv luam yeeb nyob txhua qhov chaw kuj muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw nkag mus rau thaj chaw hauv tebchaws. Demographers hais tias qhov loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tawm ntawm thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb hauv lub tebchaws mus rau cov chaw lag luam loj ntawm Belarus txuas ntxiv mus. Yog tias qhov xwm txheej pej xeem tsis raug kho, tom qab tsib caug xyoo cov koom pheej yuav los ze rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ywj pheej rov qab los ntawm lub tebchaws.
Ntxiv rau cov kev pabcuam tseemfwv qibsiab, tsoomfwvlub teb chaws yuav tsum tau kho kom ruaj ntseg ntawm kev lag luam, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub neej. Lub National Development Plan tau kos npe rau xyoo 2015.
kev txhawb nqa
Kwv yees li peb lab tsev neeg tau sau npe nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Ntawm cov no, tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Tam sim no, lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua muab kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo thiab khoom siv rau cov niam txiv uas muaj ntau tus menyuam. Muaj nyiaj qiv rau cov niam txiv hluas los tsim lawv lub tsev.
Txoj kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo rau cov menyuam yaus muaj ntau dua 500,000 tus menyuam yaus. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua ob xyoos raug muab los ntawm lub xeev nrog zaub mov, khoom tu cev thiab tshuaj. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kev yug me nyuam, muaj qhov nce ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj kev saib xyuas niam txiv. Ntau tshaj li ob txhiab tus menyuam raug khaws cia rau hauv chaw nyob.
Lub neej expectancy
Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsoomfwv txoj kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yog tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, nkag mus tau thiab siv tau zoo ntawm cov chaw kho mob. Cov kev pab cuam uas tau muab coj los siv tau ua kom txo tau tus menyuam txoj kev tuag. Hauv 2015, nws yog 0.9 tus poj niam ntawm ib txhiab tus menyuam yug. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub perinatal complexes, cov me nyuam yug los nrog lub cev qhov ceeb thawj ntawm tsawg tshaj li ib kilogram yog tu. Cov kws kho mob siv cov thev naus laus zis uas siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob tau tsim ntau tshaj li rau pua tus menyuam mos.
Tus neeg tuag los ntawm myocardial infarction tau txo qis los ntawm 12 feem pua. Kev laus zuj zus ntawm cov pejxeem ua raunce nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntev. Muaj 500,000 tus neeg xiam oob qhab nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Txhua xyoo, kwv yees li tsib caug txhiab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg tsis taus. Ntawm no, plaub caug feem pua yog cov neeg uas tseem tsis tau muaj hnub nyoog ua hauj lwm.
Lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tsis muaj kab mob ntev tuaj mus rau qib thawj. Tsuas yog 80% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm tiav kev noj qab haus huv. Cov npe ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws suav nrog cov kab mob ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov hnov lus thiab lub zeem muag, teeb meem ntawm cov musculoskeletal system, plawv thiab paj hlwb.
Daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob hauv tebchaws:
- kev tiv thaiv kev rho menyuam;
- tshuaj ntsuam xyuas;
- kev pab tswv yim ua ntej;
- kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntev.
txheej txheem tsiv teb tsaws
Vim thaj tsam ntawm Belarus (km 2) yog 207 txhiab, thiab cov pej xeem ceev tsuas yog 46 tus neeg ib km², qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov pej xeem txawv teb chaws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. nyob rau hauv stabilizing qhov teeb meem demographic. Niaj hnub no, lub xeev plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg txais thiab pub. Txhua xyoo, 33,000 tus qhua tau txais daim ntawv tso cai nyob ib ntus hauv lub tebchaws. 13,000 tus neeg tseem nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws.
Txhawm kom ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, tsoomfwv muab kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag rau cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Cov haiv neeg Belarusians muaj qhov tseem ceeb.
Ethnic composition
Nyob rau hauv qeb duas ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub zog los ntawm qhov loj mentawm thaj chaw, lub teb chaws occupies lub 84th txoj hauj lwm, vim hais tias thaj tsam ntawm Belarus NW nyuam qhuav tshaj 200,000 km². Kaum ob ntawm haiv neeg nyob hauv tebchaws. Cov pab pawg neeg tseem ceeb yog Belarusians. Lawv feem yog 84%. Russians - tsuas yog 8%, Poles - 3%, Ukrainians - 2%. Cov neeg Yudais muaj 13,000 leej, Armenians - 8,500, Tatars - 7,300, Gypsies - 7,000 tus neeg.
Muaj 5,500 Azerbaijanis hauv tebchaws, 5,000 Lithuanians. Moldovans, Georgians, Germans, Turkmens thiab Uzbeks nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Raws li Kazakhs, Chuvashs, Arabs, Suav thiab Latvians. Muaj kev txo qis hauv Russians, Ukrainians thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm haiv neeg Slavic. Tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm haiv neeg Esxias nce ntxiv.
