Bagration's flashes yog lub tswv yim uas tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, nws lub siab tawv, kev ua tub rog. Yim lub sij hawm tus thawj coj zoo ntawm Napoleon, muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm, sim coj cov kev tiv thaiv tam sim no. Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Bagration's flashes tso cai rau cov tub rog Lavxias sawv ntawm Borodino teb. Peb cov pog koob yawg koob tau qhia meej rau Napoleon invincible tias cov tub rog Lavxias npaj siab tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg thiab yuav tsis cia cov yeeb ncuab hla yooj yim mus rau lawv lub peev.
Txoj kev xav
Ua ntej yuav hais meej txog kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Bagration's flashes, cia peb tham luv luv txog lub tswvyim.
Fleches - hom qub ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv, muaj ob lub ntsej muag. Qhov kwv yees ntev ntawm txhua qhov yog 20-30 meters. Txhua tus nyob ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis, tsim ib tug xub taw qhia rau tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov no yog lub npe los ntawm: los ntawm Fabkis, lub sij hawm yog txhais ua " xub". Fleches yog ib yam ntawm ib ntus teb mini-fortresses uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lawv muaj tsev neeg coob coob thiab phom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg siab tshajyeeb ncuab rog. Qhov tseeb, thaj chaw ruaj khov loj hlob tawm ntawm xiav, uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm cua daj cua dub nrog cov rog zoo dua.
keeb kwm thiab lub npe tswv yim
Bagration's flashes - 4 lub tshav pob phom loj fortifications ntawm qhov siab - tau nyob ze ntawm lub zos Semyonovskoye. Lawv tau tsim los ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob Western pab tub rog ntawm Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim maps ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus txib, lawv hu ua "Semyonov's flashes", thiab lawv cov keeb kwm lub npe - Bagration lub flashes - tau muab nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus naas ej hero ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws nyob ntawm no tias P. I. Bagration tau txais nws qhov txhab, uas ua rau tuag taus.
Bagration flushes: qhov xwm txheej ntawm Borodino teb
Vim li cas Napoleon pheej sim ntes lub zog tiv thaiv rov ua dua? Qhov tseeb yog tias tus thawj coj ntawm Fabkis tau npaj kom xa nws lub ntsiab lus nrog cov tub rog, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov phom loj, ntawm lub flank, ze ntawm lub zos Semyonovskoye. Nrog rau kev txiav txim siab zoo li no, nws cia siab tias yuav tsoo cov Lavxias tiv thaiv ntawm lub flank thiab mus rau tom qab ntawm peb pab tub rog.
Side Forces
Txoj kev vam meej nyob rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias yuav tso cai rau peb los nias lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm peb mus rau tus dej. Qhov no yuav ua rau lawv puas tsuaj tag. Kutuzov kuj to taub qhov no: peb artillery fortifications tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim sawb. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Bagration faib 50 phom thiab 8 txhiab tus tub rog rau qhov haujlwm ntawm sab xub ntiag.
Napoleon faib 40 txhiab tus neeg rau kev tawm tsam muaj zog. Nws ntseeg tias qhov no yuav tsum txaus raubreakthrough tiv thaiv flank fortifications. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm no Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Loj tau suav qhov tsis zoo: qhov chaw nqaim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm txoj kab tiv thaiv tsis tau tso cai rau nws ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov lej kom zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, Fab Kis tsis xav txog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, uas, tsis zoo li European cov phiaj xwm, lub sijhawm no tiv thaiv lawv thaj av los ntawm kev ua phem rau yeeb ncuab.
Flash attacks
Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Bagration's flushes pib ib txhij nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ze ntawm lub zos Borodino - txog 6 teev sawv ntxov. Ib nrab kilometers sab hnub poob ntawm lub fortifications yog lub zos ntawm Utitsa. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov dej ntws tawm, cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias tau nkaum hauv hav zoov kom tiv thaiv Fabkis los ntawm kev hla lub fortifications hla hav zoov.
Txawm tias ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua, Marshal Davout ntawm ntug hav zoov Utitsky pib tsim kab rau kev tawm tsam. Ntawm no peb cov artillery tua nws thawj volley ntawm tus yeeb ncuab yuav luag point-blank, los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 500 meters, tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm dawb do nyob rau hauv txhua kab. Fabkis pib raug kev txom nyem loj txawm tias ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua pib. Cov yeeb ncuab kuj tau teeb tsa peb lub roj teeb ntawm 102 phom ib mais ntawm cov dej ntws thiab pib tua lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov xim ntawm Lavxias teb sab artillery tau tsom mus rau cov kab infantry.
Thaum mus txog ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 meters, cov tub rog Lavxias tau hloov mus rau qhov hluav taws kub nyhiab nrog buckshot. Qhov tseeb, cov cannons tau hloov mus rau hauv rab phom tshuab, uas tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txhua kab ntawm point-blank range.
Yuav tsum to taub tias kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd txawv heev ntawm cov tiam tom ntej: mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub suab nruastxhua tus tub rog taug kev hauv ib qho kev mus ncig ua si. Yog tias Fab Kis, piv txwv li, tau nkag los lossis khiav, lawv yuav tau coj thaj chaw ruaj khov ntawm tus puav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus sib tua ib txwm tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw qhib ntawm thaj av, Napoleonic kem system ib txwm muab qhov zoo. Ntawm no qhov xwm txheej txawv: kev tiv thaiv kev tsis txaus ntseeg tau sawv hauv qhov nqaim ntawm thaj av, uas, zoo li yog los ntawm rab phom tshuab, "mowed down" yeeb ncuab txhua.
Tom qab cov phom Lavxias tau pib tua cov qib ntawm Fabkis nrog buckshot nyob ze, tom qab pib tsis ntseeg qhov kev tawm tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Qhov kawg straw yog lub volley ntawm rangers los ntawm hav zoov. Tus yeeb ncuab pib thim rov qab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog thiab cov thawj coj rov xa tub rog mus tua.
Ntawm no yog kev sib ntaus sib tua: Fabkis tawm tsam, thim rov qab, rov tsim kho dua, rov tawm tsam dua, raug kev puas tsuaj loj. Cov Russians, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv thawj teev ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Peb cov tub rog tau txhawb kom pom tias cov yeeb ncuab tau poob.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, yim tawm tsam tau ua rau ntawm Bagration's flushes. Fabkis tsis tsuas yog poob lawv lub zog los tiv thaiv kab, tab sis kuj siv tag nrho lawv cov peev txheej, uas tsim nyog los txhim kho kev vam meej nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Marshals poob siab, Napoleon raug tsim txom heev, thiab nws cov tub rog poob kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv invincibility. Cov neeg Lavxias tseem tuav lawv txoj haujlwm.
yim tawm tsam
Thaum noj su, nws tau pom tseeb tias qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm Fabkis yog tsom rau Bagration's flushes. Kwv yees li 400 phom pib txav mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv Lavxias teb sab redoubts. Ib qho ntxiv 45,000Tib neeg. Bagration tsuas muaj 15,000 tus txiv neej thiab 300 phom.
Kutuzov kuj nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntu no ntawm sab xub ntiag. Nws hais kom lub teeb cavalry tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab thiab ntaus tus yeeb ncuab tom qab. Qhov no yog tsim nyog thiaj li khi tau li Fabkis txoj cai, los tiv thaiv lawv ntawm pov tag nrho lawv cov rog ntawm lub hnab ntim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev txiav txim tau muab hloov pauv txhua lub zog mus rau lub flank, tab sis qhov no xav tau lub sijhawm. Fabkis, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau pib tawm tsam sai. Lub sijhawm no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua rau nws tuaj yeem tawg mus rau hauv dej ntws. Bagration kuj cuam tshuam tag nrho nws cov tub rog ntawm lawv, tes-rau-tes tshwm sim, uas tus thawj coj nws tus kheej raug mob tuag taus. Lub flashes raug coj mus, tab sis tag nrho cov phiaj xwm ntawm Napoleon tau pom meej: tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog Lavxias pib tsim kev tiv thaiv raws li cov phiaj xwm tiag tiag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Bagration's flashes: "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb"
Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Borodino tau tshwm sim hauv Leo Tolstoy tus tshiab "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb". Bagration's flushes tau "poob" qhov twg hauv nws. Tus sau txuas tag nrho cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Borodino nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Raevsky lub roj teeb, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb, Pierre Bezukhov, koom nrog.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntawv tshiab nws kuj tau hais txog Bagration nws tus kheej: "Nws yog neeg ruam, tab sis nws muaj kev paub dhau los, lub qhov muag thiab kev txiav txim siab … " (Tshooj 3, ntu 1, tshooj VI.), tab sis ntawm Tib lub sijhawm "… qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog Bagration, Napoleon nws tus kheej lees paub qhov no … ". Hauv cov ntawv tshiab, lub tswv yim ntawm "kev ruam" yog tawm tsam cov ntsiab lus ntawm "kev txiav txim siab, kev ua siab loj". L. N. Tolstoy qhia meejCov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv uas Bagration yog ib tug txiv neej siab tawv, ib tug neeg siab tawv tub rog, tab sis raws li ib tug general nws tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev suav ntshav txias thiab ua tiav cov lus txib. Qhov no tau lees paub tsis ncaj rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua: Bagration cuam tshuam tag nrho nws cov peev txheej ntawm lub flashes thiab tau mus tawm tsam ntawm nws cov tub rog lub taub hau, tau txais lub qhov txhab tuag.
Results
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb tau hais txog dab tsi Bagration's flushes yog: lawv tau muab lub ntsiab lus, piav qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lawv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Borodino, lub zog ntawm ob tog. Yog, txawm lub heroism ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias teb sab, lawv poob kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog tib yam uas lawv hais tias: "Poob kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis yeej kev tsov rog tag nrho."
