Qee lub sijhawm cov pob zeb no, uas tau txais nws lub npe rau qee qhov zoo ib yam li nab daim tawv nqaij (Latin serpens - "snake"), yog yuam kev hu ua serpentine. Serpentine yog pob zeb, thiab ntawm no peb yuav tham txog cov ntxhia serpentine.
Kev sib xyaw thiab cov qauv siv lead ua
Serpentine yog ib pab pawg npe rau cov zaub mov uas zoo sib xws hauv tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv, koom nrog subclass ntawm txheej silicates. Cov mis mos rau serpentines yog X3[Si2O5](OH) 4, qhov twg X yog magnesium Mg, ferrous lossis trivalent hlau Fe2+, Fe3+, nickel Ni, manganese Mn, aluminium Al, zinc Zn. Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv, tab sis magnesium yog yuav luag ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv serpentines.
Minerals ntawm pab pawg no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm molecular txheej txheej siv lead ua lattice, lawv tsis tsim ib qho muaju. Ntau yam ntawm serpentine yog qhov txawv los ntawm ntau hom kev tso tawm.
Ab lus piav qhia ntawm serpentines
Minerals,koom nrog pab pawg neeg serpentines, muaj ob peb (txog nees nkaum), tab sis cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg muaj peb hom:
- Antigorite yog ib daim ntawv, scaly ntxhia uas tau yooj yim sib cais. Qee zaum nws tsim ib qho khoom loj. Muaj xim ntsuab daj lossis ntsuab ntsuab.
- Lizardite yog ntsuab, ntsuab-xiav, daj, lossis dawb ntxhia uas feem ntau tsim cov kua nplaum zoo li, zais-lamellar aggregates.
- Chrysotile - muaj cov qauv zoo-fibered, lub teeb ntsuab, qee zaum golden xim. Ib qho txawv ntawm nws yog chrysotile asbestos.
Serpophyre, lossis noble serpentine, yog cov ntxhia ntawm cov xim daj-ntsuab, feem ntau muaj li ntawm lizardite lossis antigorite. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, translucent ntawm cov npoo.
Serpentine muaj lwm yam ntau yam nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm npib tsib xee, hlau, manganese: nepuite, garnierite, amesite thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, cov serpentine qhia hauv qab no hauv daim duab yog cov pob zeb nepuite. Nws muaj ntau cov npib tsib xee (qee zaum hloov magnesium) thiab tuaj yeem ua cov ore rau cov hlau no.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm serpentine
Cov ntxhia muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- density - los ntawm 2.2 mus rau 2.9 g / cm 3;
- Mohs hardness ntawm 2.5 txog 4;
- ci - iav, nrog greasy lossis waxy sheen;
- cleavage - tsis muaj, tsuas yog antigorite (tsis tshua muaj);
- kab yog dawb;
- kink - kev sib hlubcryptocrystalline aggregates, du hauv lamellar, splintery hauv asbestos (chrysotile).
Sulfuric thiab hydrochloric acids decompose serpentine. Cov ntxhia feem ntau muaj ntau yam tshuaj tsis huv uas cuam tshuam rau xim.
Serpentine hauv pob zeb
Cov ntxhia yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hydrothermal metamorphism ntawm ultrabasic pob zeb uas muaj olivine thiab pyroxenes (dunites, peridotites). Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua serpentinization, thiab xyaum ua pob zeb monomineral tsim thaum lub sij hawm nws hu ua serpentinites. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb xws li olivine.
Tsis tas li ntawd, dolomites (cov pob zeb sedimentary carbonate) raug rau cov dej hydrothermal tuaj yeem hloov mus ua serpentine.
Serpentinites feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov arrays tsis tu ncua thiab lenticular lub cev, dav faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Russia, Urals, Karelia, North Caucasus, Central thiab Southern Siberia, Transbaikalia, thiab Kamchatka Territory yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv serpentinite deposits.
pob zeb zoo nkauj
Serpentinite, siv los ua cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ntsej muag, feem ntau hu ua serpentine. Qhov no yog li cas lub pob zeb tau hu los ntawm Ural masters, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog nws ntev. Vim muaj ntau yam kev ntxhib los mos thiab ntxoov ntxoo, nrog rau nws lub zog siab txaus thiab tawv, ua ke nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj zog, serpentine yog lub pob zeb nrov zoo nkauj.
Coils tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ntau hom serpentines. Minerals chrysotile thiab serpophyre (nobleserpentine) tsim ib hom serpentine, uas yog txawv los ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws zoo nkauj zoo nkauj - ophiocalcite, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, serpentinite marble. Nws yog pob zeb zoo-grained, raws li chrysotile thiab nrog calcite, thiab serpophyre muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau inclusions thiab veinlets.
Lub serpentine tau siv txij thaum ub: vases los ntawm nws, tsim nyob rau hauv pre-dynastic Egypt, paub. Pej thuam ntawm Pharaoh Amenemhat III circa 1800 BC. e., ib feem ntawm uas tau khaws cia hauv Munich Tsev khaws puav pheej, kuj yog ua los ntawm serpentinite. Tam sim no, txhua yam khoom plig thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yog tsim los ntawm serpentine (nws tsis yog siv los ua cov khoom siv sab nraud vim huab cua tsis zoo).
Kev siv cov serpentines hauv kev lag luam
Nyob hauv kev lag luam, kev siv cov serpentines kuj tau tsim dav heev.
Cov ntxhia chrysotile-asbestos, piv txwv li, yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv refractory thiab cov khoom cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj nuj nqis raws li cov khoom siv tiv taus alkalis. Cov nepuite tau hais los saum no thiab lwm cov nickel-muaj serpentines yog ib qho ore rau npib tsib xee. Qee cov zaub mov ntawm pawg no nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm magnesium tuaj yeem ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov hlau no hauv kev lag luam tshuaj.
Serpentines nrog qib siab ntawm hydration yog siv rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev lom neeg ntawm nuclear reactors li backfill, qhob aggregates. Minerals depleted nyob rau hauv hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm magnesium thiab silicic acid yog siv los ua raw khoom rau adsorbents siv nyob rau hauv dej thiab roj purification.
Massifs ntawm cov pob zeb serpentinized yog qhov kev txaus siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev pom thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li pob zeb diamond, platinum thiab chromite ores.
