Stylistically neutral lus yog ib tug choj hla lub abyss ntawm cov neeg ntawm txawv professions thiab strata ntawm lub neej. Nws yog nws leej twg yog tus universal, enshrined nyob rau hauv dictionaries, lus ntawm kev sib nrig sib to taub, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim rau nws txoj kev kawm.
Defining stylistically neutral lus
Qib kev xav ntawm ib hom lus yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm nws cov lus. Qhov ntau ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov lus, cov lus muaj peev xwm ntau dua.
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, lo lus hais, bookish thiab nruab nrab cov lus sawv tawm - ib txheej txheej ntawm cov lus uas tsis txuas nrog txhua yam kev hais lus.
Cov lus ntawm cov lus sib tham ua rau, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, peb feem ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Hauv phau ntawv txhais lus, cov lus zoo li no, tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, bookish, tsis muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb xws li (), uas tam sim ntawd qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm siv cov lus no hauv txhua hom yam tsis muaj kev txwv.
- "Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg meadows, lub hnub kub tau ntog hauv qab qab ntug." Dab neeg. Ntawm 8 lo lus hauv kab lus, 7 yog nruab nrab thiab tsuas yog 1 lo lus "golden" yog hais txog bookish, siab style.
- "Petya, maj nrawm mus rau lub khw noj mov." Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib tham. Ntawm 7 lo lus, 6 yog nruab nrab. Lo lus "cheshi" kuj yog qhov nruab nrab, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no nws muaj lub ntsiab lus txawv thiab hais txog cov lus sib tham.
- "Tsis muaj catalyst yuav tsum ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sodium nrog dej." Ntawm 10 lo lus, 9 yog nruab nrab thiab 1, "catalyst", tshwj xeeb, scientific style.
Neutral part of hais lus
lus Interstyle yog sawv cev los ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus - ob leeg ywj pheej thiab pab. Qhov no ib zaug ntxiv lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no hauv cov lus. Cov lus nruab nrab hais txog cov lus hais:
- Nouns: " teb", " rooj", "tsev", "cua", "kev phooj ywg", "lub zog", "teev".
- Verbs: "do", "go", "saib", "experience", "create".
- Adjectives: "blue", "ilv", "extra", "ntoo", "sab qaum teb".
- Adverbs: "zoo", "doggy style", "zoo heev", "pom"
- Pronouns: "peb", "thaum", "koj", "leej twg", "nws"
- Tus lej: "thawj", "tsib", "tsib".
- cov lus tshwj xeeb:
- conjunctions: "zoo li", "uas yog", "a", "tab sis";
- particles: "twb", "yuav ua li cas","like";
- prepositions: "rau", "txog", "hauv", "ua tsaug"
Tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov lus siv ntau
Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas tsis tuaj yeem yog lo lus nruab nrab yog kev hais lus. Piv txwv li: "zoo", "wow", "slap", "nyob zoo". Cov lus no yog thawj qhov kev xav.
Tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo li no uas tsis muaj cov lus hais tsis zoo - cov no tsuas yog cov lus siab lossis cov lus qis xwb. Piv txwv li: " ruam", "hais lus", "idiot" lossis "tribunal", "oratorio". Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nthuav tawm ib tsab xov xwm tshawb fawb nrog lo lus "fool" muab tso rau hauv cov ntsiab lus. Xws li cov lus pib muaj xim ci, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus. Neutrals ua haujlwm hauv txhua yam.
Qhov twg siv lus nruab nrab
Neutral lexemes yog siv rau txhua yam kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv yam tsis muaj kev zam. Hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sau xov xwm, hauv phau ntawv, ntawv tseeb, hauv kev sib tham zoo tib yam - cov lus no yog lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, feem ntau ruaj khov ntawm nws cov lus. Piv txwv li, tus kws sau ntawv kos duab suav nrog cov chav nyob rau feem ntau los ntawm cov lus ntawm ib txheej nruab nrab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm M. Prishvin, cov lus uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov lus nruab nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Example:
Cov txiv neej tsis mus nrog lub hnub qub ntawm no thiab hu nkauj rau kliroslawv tsis pub leej twg nkag los, vim kuv pom hauv ib lub khw ntawm lub qhov rais hooks yog muag ncaj qha nrog cov kab nuv ntses thiab rau txhua yam ntses, tsim nyog heev, txawm tias muaj ib tug nuv uas yuav tuav tau ib tug pas nuv ntses.
A. Chekhov "Vanka"
Lo lus "cia mus" yog lo lus, "sawv" yog lub suab hloov pauv ntawm lexeme "sawv", tab sis tsau hauv cov ntawv no ntawm tsab ntawv, kuj tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lus.
Cov lus Interstyle muaj cov koom haum thematic uas ua rau cov lus siv ntawm cov lus:
- Temporal tus nqi: "tag kis", " nag hmo", "century", "hli", "seem", "hnub", "dav", "present".
- Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw: "txoj cai", "qab", "muaj", "qhov twg", "tsev", "lub teb chaws", "kos"
- Negatives: "tsis muaj", "tsis muaj", "tsis muaj", "tsis yog", "tsis yog."
- Facial emphasis: "he", "nws", "koj", "me"
Cov lus nruab nrab pab kom cov lus hais thiab sau tsis txhob hais lus phem, xws li: "Ntxhais, mus rau qhov kev txiav txim no."
Lo lus "sweep" yog style siab, nws haum unnaturally rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua hnub hais lus.
Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ceev faj thiab tsim nyog thaum muab cov lus sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv hauv ib cov ntawv.
Cov lus hauv qab nruab nrab. Piv txwv
Style txawv hauvlus tsuas tuaj yeem pom tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov lus nrog cov xim nruab nrab. Cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab yog ib daim ntawv dawb uas pom qhov me me ntawm lwm cov xim. Kev hais lus tuaj yeem ua tau zoo, piv txwv li, tab sis piv nrog cov lus qhia ntawm phau ntawv thiab cov lus sib tham, cov xim ntawm cov lus sib tham tsis pom zoo. Piv txwv li: "taug kev" yog lo lus nruab nrab, "tread" yog hom siab, "loite" yog kev sib tham.
Cov neeg sau cov ntawv sau tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab kev ua piv txwv yam tsis tau siv cov lus hais xim xim. Piv txwv li: "Yog tias koj nyob ntsiag to hauv cov hav zoov rustling no thiab mloog cov suab nyob ib puag ncig koj, koj tuaj yeem hnov cov kauj ruam uas ntsiag to …"
Nyob rau hauv nqe lus no tsuas yog siv cov lus ntawm qhov nruab nrab, tab sis kev xav thiab xim tsis ploj. Muaj tseeb tiag, kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov lus siv feem ntau tsis yog rau txhua tus. Lub hav zoov ntawm kev xav nplua nuj txheej ntawm kev hais lus ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov ntawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb figurativeness.
Neutral vocabulary and semantics
Kev xa cov lus mus rau qhov nruab nrab style yuav tsum tau ua kom ceev faj. Tib lexeme tuaj yeem muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab xa mus rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov lus. Piv txwv li:
- "Ib eerie squeal ntawm brakes tau hnov nyob rau hauv qhov deb." - Ntawm no lo lus "brakes" txhais tau tias "mechanism kom nres" (neutral).
- "Cia li los ntawm koj thiab tus brake!" - Hauv cov ntawv no "brakes"siv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus piv txwv - "cov neeg uas muaj kev nkag siab qeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv".
Neutral lus hauv fairy tales
Cov ntawv nyeem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab - nws yuav tsis yog ib zaj dab neeg, tab sis tus sau ntawv.
Piv txwv li: "Nyob rau lub Nceeg Vaj nyob deb deb, nyob rau hauv lub Far Far Away, muaj ib tug huab tais thiab ib tug poj huab tais nyob, thiab lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais zoo nkauj, uas tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv ib tug fairy taleas los yog piav nrog ib tug. cwj mem. Nws zaum hauv chav txhua hnub." Muaj cov lus tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv nyeem: "vaj ntxwv", "huab tais", "svetlitsa", kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov ntawm zaj dab neeg epic: "nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws nyob deb, nyob deb nroog", "hais lus nyob rau hauv ib tug fairy taleas., tsis piav nrog tus cwj mem"
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug pej xeem taleas muaj cov lus uas muaj zog figurativeness, cov phenomena piav nyob rau hauv nws feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub ntiaj teb no tiag tiag, yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug davhlau ntawm tib neeg fantasy, ib tug xav txog ntawm lub sensory xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab yog dhau lub hwj chim ntawm qhov piv txwv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm stylistically nruab nrab cov lus nyob rau hauv tus sau zaj dab neeg yog qhov tsim nyog, vim cov ntawv no feem ntau calmer, tsis qhia thiab ntau speculative.
Colloquial, stylistically nruab nrab thiab bookish cov lus sib ntxiv. Stylistically coloured lo lus ua rau nws muaj peev xwm qhia cov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev xav, qhov tseeb ntawm kev paub ntawm lub voj voog nqaim ntawm tib neeg. Cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab yog qhov ua rau qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb, thiab kev nkag siab zoo rau txhua tus.
