Pentene isomers (tseem hu ua amylene) yog hydrocarbons nrog cov qauv molecular C5H10, uas muaj C=C ob daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, lawv yog cov pab pawg ntawm alkenes. Muaj tsib txoj cai amylenes, uas cov pentene-2 isomer tuaj yeem muaj raws li cis lossis trans isomer. Raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm isomers, amylenes muaj nyob rau hauv cov pa tawg thiab hauv cov nkev. Lwm qhov kev cai lij choj yog cyclopentene, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog pentene.
qauv
Hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv alkene ua rau lwm tus isomer. Butene thiab pentene muaj nyob hauv isomers sib txawv.
C5H10 yog sawv cev los ntawm pentene-1 (α-amylene) molecule, uas muaj cov qauv qauv:
Lwm cov qauv isomers ntawm pentene tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov qhov chaw ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis txoj kev cov pa roj carbon atoms txuas rau ib leeg.
Lwm cov isomers yog cis-pentene-2 (cis-β-amylene) thiab trans-pentene-2 (trans-β-amylene), sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv qauv:
2-methyl-1-butene tuaj yeemtau los ntawm catalytic lossis chav tawg ntawm cov roj, ua raws li kev sib cais ntawm C 5feem, nrog rau kev rho tawm nrog cov dej txias sulfuric acid. Siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov organic synthesis. Nws kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov pinacolone, tsw enhancers, spices, tshuaj tua kab, thiab tertiary amylphenol. Sawv cev los ntawm tus qauv qauv:
3-methyl-1-butene tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawg. Nws tseem tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm 3-methyl-1-butanol siv cov txhuas oxide. Nws yog siv kom tau txais lwm cov tshuaj sib txuas, xws li Linderin A lossis polymers. Sawv cev los ntawm tus qauv qauv:
2-methyl-2-butene tuaj yeem tau los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej los ntawm neopentanol. Siv tau 3-bromo-2, 3-dimethyl-1, 1-dicyano-butane nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm 2, 2'-azobis (2, 4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile) ua catalyst. Sawv cev los ntawm tus qauv qauv:
Ntawm no, ob kab ntawm carbon atoms sawv cev rau ob daim ntawv cog lus, thiab ib kab sawv cev rau ib daim ntawv cog lus.
Nco ntsoov tias txhua cov pa roj carbon atom (C) muaj plaub daim ntawv cog lus (valency 4), thiab txhua hydrogen atom (H) muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus (valence 1). Valence yog lub zog sib koom ua ke ntawm atom.
Table: pentene vapor siab ua haujlwm
| Tshuaj | T (K) | A | B | C |
| pentene-1 (α-amylene) | 285, 98–303, 87 | 3, 91058 | 1014, 294 | −43, 367 |
| cis-pentene-2 (cis-β-amylene) | 274, 74–342, 03 | 3,99984 | 1069, 229 | −42, 393 |
| trans-pentene-2 (trans-β-amylene) | 274, 18–341, 36 | 4,03089 | 1084, 165 | −40, 158 |
| 2-methylbutene-1 (γ-isoamylene) | 274, 30–335, 82 | 3, 98652 | 1047, 811 | −41, 089 |
| 3-methylbutene-1 (α-isoamylene) | 276, 19–343, 74 | 4,04727 | 1098, 619 | −39, 889 |
| thiab 2-methylbutene-2 (β-isoamylene) | 273, 37–324, 29 | 3, 95126 | 1013, 575 | −36, 32 |
Pentene isomers yog cov kua uas muaj lub siab vapor siab, nruab nrab cov dej solubility thiab qhov hnyav molecular (70, 13), qhia lub peev xwm nqus tau los ntawm lub ntsws thiab nthuav dav hauv lub cev.
Vim qhov kub ntawm cov isomers qis, tus nqi qis thiab kev nyab xeeb txheeb ze, lawv tau siv hauvGeothermal fais fab nroj tsuag raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Tau txais
Pentene isomers yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov roj av, cov roj shale, cov roj tawg thiab cov roj av tawg thiab tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov pyrolysis ntawm roj hmab tsim, ntawm lwm tus, 2-methyl-1-butene thiab 2-methyl-2-butene.
Pentenes yog tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej (tshem tawm dej) los ntawm pentenols - lub npe hu ua amyl alcohols. Yog li, pentene (lub npe hu ua fuselamylene) yog tau los ntawm cov roj fusel.
Siv
Pentene isomers yog siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm amylphenols, isoprene thiab pentenols, nrog rau polymerization. Tsis tas li ntawd, amylenes tau ntxiv los ua stabilizers rau chloroform thiab dichloromethane kom tshem tawm phosgene tso tawm ntawm huab cua thiab lub teeb.
Raws li Lub Tuam Txhab Txhaum Cai Cov Ntaub Ntawv (HSDB 2002), 1-pentene feem ntau yog siv hauv cov organic synthesis ua tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw rau cov roj octane siab thiab hauv cov tshuaj tua kab. 2-Pentene yog siv los ua polymerization inhibitor hauv organic synthesis. Nyob rau hauv siab concentrations, ua rau ua pa thiab mob plawv nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, thaum nyob rau hauv tib neeg nws muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab.
cuam tshuam rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj noj qab haus huv
Cov kev tshawb fawb toxicity hauv cov tsiaj lossis tib neeg nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj txaus txaus tsis muaj rau pentene isomers. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los qhia txog cov nyhuv rau cov roj distillate blending kwj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov distillate yog sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv cov teebmeemcov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv toxicity nkaus xwb rau pentene yog LC50 cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau ua rau tuag taus hauv 50% ntawm cov qauv kawm: 4-teev (h) LC50 hauv nas yog 175,000 mg / m 3, thiab 2 -x teev LC50 hauv nas -180,000 mg/m3. Cov koob tshuaj LC50 no kuj yog siab heev thiab qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tuag tsawg.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus database rau kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tau raws li, yog li cov txheej txheem rau cov ntaub ntawv toxicity tsawg tau siv. Ob txoj hauv kev tau tshawb xyuas: NOAEL (tsis pom muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo)-rau-LC50 mus kom ze thiab analog mus kom ze. Ib qho analog yog txhais tau tias yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas zoo ib yam li lwm qhov sib xyaw tab sis txawv me ntsis hauv kev muaj pes tsawg leeg (xws li hloov ntawm ib lub atom los ntawm ib qho atom ntawm lwm lub caij, los yog muaj ib pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm). Txhawm rau siv txoj hauv kev no, yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm LTD cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj nrog cov ntaub ntawv toxicity.
Tsis muaj cov kev tshawb fawb uas piav qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm mob toxicity ntawm ib qho pentene isomer. Vim tias lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv txwv ntawm LTD. Ntev ESL rau pentene tau muab los ntawm analog chemistry mus kom ze siv cov ntaub ntawv toxicity rau butene isomers zoo ib yam li txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho ESL.
