Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov noob qes thiab cov qe tsiaj? Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag: lawv cov xim nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Cov pigments no khaws cia rau hauv cov organelles tshwj xeeb hu ua plastids.
Dab tsi yog plastids hauv biology?
Qhov txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu yog muaj chloroplasts, leukoplasts thiab chromoplasts. Cov organelles yog lub luag haujlwm rau ntau lub luag haujlwm, ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis kom meej meej dominates. Nws yog cov xim muaj nyob hauv plastids ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lawv cov xim.
Nyob rau hauv lub xovtooj ntawm txhua yam kabmob eukaryotic, uas tsis yog-membrane, ib leeg-membrane thiab ob-membrane organelles cais. Plastids thiab mitochondria yog hom kawg ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes, vim lawv nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ob txheej ntawm CPM.
cell plastids yog dab tsi? Hom plastids
- YChloroplast. Lub ntsiab ob-membrane organelles ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub luag hauj lwm rau cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Lawv muaj thylakoids, uas nyob rau hauv photosynthetic complexes. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm thylakoids yog txhawm rau ua kom lub ntsej muag ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Green plastids yog dab tsi? Cov no yog chloroplasts uas muaj cov pigments.ntsuab - chlorophylls. Muaj ob peb pawg ntawm cov molecules, txhua tus yog lub luag haujlwm rau nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua, chlorophyll yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog lub ntsiab txais ntawm lub hnub ci zog thaum lub sij hawm photosynthesis.
- Leucoplast. Tsis muaj xim plastids uas ua haujlwm cia hauv cov nroj tsuag. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj cov duab tsis xwm yeem, xws li kheej kheej mus rau fusiform. Leucoplasts feem ntau sau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cell nucleus, thiab lawv tuaj yeem kuaj pom nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob nkaus xwb thaum muaj ntau cov granules. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom khaws cia, peb hom leukoplasts yog qhov txawv. Amyloplasts ua lub thawv rau cov carbohydrates, uas cov nroj tsuag xav kom mus txog rau ib qho chaw. Proteoplasts khaws cov protein ntau. Oleoplasts khaws cov roj thiab cov rog, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm lipids. Qhov no yog dab tsi plastid yog, uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia.
- Chromoplasts. Yam kawg ntawm plastid, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv daj, txiv kab ntxwv lossis xim liab. Chromoplasts yog theem kawg ntawm kev tsim cov chloroplasts, thaum chlorophyll raug rhuav tshem, thiab tsuas yog cov roj-soluble carotenoids nyob hauv plastids. Chromoplasts muaj nyob rau hauv paj paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo paub tab, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag stems. Lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm cov organelles no tsis paub meej, tab sis nws tau xav tias lawv yog cov khoom siv rau carotenoids, thiab tseem muab cov nroj tsuag xim tshwj xeeb. Cov xim no nyiam cov kab pollinating, uas txhawb nqa cov nroj tsuag.
Leucoplast thiab chromoplasts tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis. Chlorophyll nyob rau hauv cov organelles raug txo los yog ploj mus, yog li ntawd lawv txoj hauj lwm hloov cardinally.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm chloroplasts hauv kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv caj ces
plastid yog dab tsi? Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog lub zog chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, tab sis kuj yog qhov chaw cia khoom ntawm ib feem ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nws yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib ncig DNA molecule, uas zoo li tus qauv ntawm prokaryotic nucleoid. Qhov xwm txheej no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm plastids, thaum cov kab mob hlwb tau nqus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, poob lawv txoj kev ywj pheej, tab sis tawm hauv qee cov noob.
Chloroplast DNA yog hais txog cytoplasmic qub txeeg qub tes ntawm tes. Nws kis tau tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov kab mob hlwb uas txiav txim siab poj niam txiv neej. Cov phev hloov tsis tau txiv neej plastid DNA.
Vim tias chloroplasts yog cov kab mob ib nrab-autonomous organelles, ntau cov proteins yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum sib faib, cov plastids replicate ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau chloroplast proteins yog tsim los siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nuclear DNA. Qhov no yog dab tsi plastid yog hais txog cov noob caj noob ces thiab molecular biology.
Chloroplast yog lub zog ntawm lub cell
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis, ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical tshwm sim ntawm thylakoids ntawm chloroplasts. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov piam thaj, nrog rau ATP molecules. Cov yav tas nqa nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj bonds ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heevtawb.
plastid yog dab tsi? Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog nrog rau mitochondria. Cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis muab faib ua lub teeb thiab tsaus theem. Thaum lub teeb theem ntawm photosynthesis, phosphorus residues txuas rau ADP molecules, thiab ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm tes tau txais ATP.
